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Background: Healthcare professionals' involvement and reporting of adverse drug reactions are essential for the success of a pharmacovigilance program. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare professionals (medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, dentists, midwives, and paramedics) current knowledge, attitude, practices, and barriers regarding pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting in multicentral healthcare settings. Methods: A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted among currently working healthcare professionals in various hospitals in ten districts of Adana province, Türkiye from March to October 2022. A self-administered, pretested questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.894 for knowledge, attitudes and practices variables) was used for data collection. The questionnaire's final draft included five sections (sociodemographic/general information, knowledge, attitude, practices, and barriers) with 58 questions. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS (version 25) using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results: Of the total 435 distributed questionnaires, 412 completed the entire questionnaire, yielding a 94% response rate. The majority of healthcare professionals (60.4%; n = 249) had never received pharmacovigilance training. Among healthcare professionals 51.9% (n = 214), 71.1% (n = 293) and 92.5% (n = 381) had poor knowledge, positive attitudes and poor practices, respectively. Only 32.5% of healthcare professionals kept the record of an adverse drug reaction and only 13.1% reported adverse drug reactions. The profession (medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, dentists, midwives, and paramedics) of healthcare professionals and a lack of training were predictors of poor adverse drug reaction reporting (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in healthcare professionals and knowledge, attitude and practices scores was also observed (p < 0.05). The main barriers which were supposed to discourage adverse drug reactions reporting by the healthcare professionals were higher workload (63.8%) followed by thinking that a single adverse drug reaction report makes no impact (63.6%) and lack of a professional atmosphere (51.9%). Conclusion: In the current study, most healthcare professionals had poor knowledge and practice, but they had a positive attitude toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Barriers to under-reporting of adverse drug reactions were also highlighted. Periodic training programs, educational interventions, systematic follow-up of healthcare professionals by local healthcare authorities, interprofessional links between all healthcare professionals, and the implementation of mandatory reporting policies are critical for improving healthcare professionals knowledge, practices, patient safety and pharmacovigilance activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, qualitative research has complemented quantitative biologic and epidemiologic studies to provide a more complete understanding of pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated unique and novel challenges for qualitative researchers, who have embraced creative solutions including virtual focus groups and rapid analyses to continue their work. We present our experience conducting a multilingual global qualitative study of healthcare resilience among teams of pediatric oncology professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide an in-depth description of our methodology and an analysis of factors we believe contributed to our study's success including our use of technology, engagement of a large multilingual team, global partnerships, and framework-based rapid analysis. We hope these techniques may be useful to qualitative researchers conducting studies during the current pandemic, as well as for all pediatric oncology studies including multiple languages or geographically disparate subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the common problems associated with paediatric surgeries and significantly contribute to postsurgical morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to assess antimicrobial prophylaxis practices and compliance rates with international guidelines in common paediatric surgical procedures. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in paediatric patients aged < 18 years in whom four common surgeries (inguinal hernia, appendectomy, bariatric surgery and pancreaticoduodenectomy) were performed at paediatric wards during August 2015 to August 2016 in two tertiary care teaching hospitals. Compliance with antimicrobial prophylaxis practice guidelines (selection, timing and pattern of antimicrobial usage) was evaluated. Results: The charts of 1152 eligible paediatric patients were reviewed. Among these, 66.5% (n = 766) were male and 33.5% (n = 386) were female, with a mean age of 8.4 years (standard deviation ± 5.6). Inguinal hernia was the most frequent surgical procedure conducted (36.3% of patients), followed by appendectomy (25.4%), bariatric surgery (21.9%) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (16.5%). Complete compliance with guidelines was observed in 11.2% of patients (129 of 1152). The choice of antimicrobial prophylaxis administration was appropriate in 380 cases (33%), with a higher rate of guideline adherence with appendectomy than with inguinal hernia, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and bariatric surgical procedures (55.8% vs 32%, 23.1% and 15.5%; p < 0.0001). The timing was appropriate in 490 patients (42.5%), with a higher rate in appendectomy (51%) than in other paediatric procedures (p < 0.0001). The majority of patients were managed with ceftriaxone (46%) or cefazolin (26.5%). A statistically significant difference was observed regarding antimicrobial prophylaxis prescribing practices in the hospitals (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Low rates of adherence to guidelines in selected paediatric surgeries were observed. Increased awareness among surgeons and formulation of institutional and national antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anaemia is a global health crisis disproportionately affecting children and pregnant women. It greatly increases maternal mortality. According to the WHO, 40% of pregnant women worldwide are anaemic. Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women can lead to preterm birth, low-birth-weight newborns, and decreased iron storage in neonates, which can delay development. Failure to treat anaemia could impair millions of mothers' health, quality of life, and children's development and learning. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness and practice of anaemia prevention among antenatal women. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 106 pregnant women from the antenatal ward and Obstetrics & Gynaecology Clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pearson's correlation and Chi-Square test were performed using SPSS 26. Results: Participants with scores of 70% or higher had a high level of awareness, 50-70% had a moderate level of awareness, and less than 50% had a low level of awareness. The results reveal that anaemia knowledge among pregnant women is moderate (40.6%), while the majority (99.1%) practice anaemic prevention. The study found no significant relationship between anaemia preventive awareness and practice, with a p-value of 0.990. The study also found no significant association between demographic data and anaemia prevention practice with a p-value > 0.05. Conclusion: This study sheds light on anaemia prevention awareness and practice among pregnant women. Nurses have an important role in teaching pregnant women about pregnancy anaemia to reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The combined use of body parts to produce movement and maintain balance is called body mechanics. Body mechanics misuse increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury and back pain. Every procedure requires nurses to use body mechanic techniques. They can use body mechanics more effectively if they understand it well. Nurses worldwide suffer from back pain, primarily caused by manual lifting and handling heavy objects and patients. Back pain may cause significant disruptions in physical, social, and mental well-being, potentially affecting their occupations. This study aims to determine the knowledge and practice of body mechanics techniques among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to assess nursing students' knowledge and practice of body mechanics techniques. A total of 70 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. Results: All 70 undergraduate nursing students (100%) understand body mechanic techniques well. Most undergraduate nursing students, 68 (97.1%), had good practice with body mechanic techniques, while 2 (2.9%) had moderate practice. There is no significant linear relationship between the level of knowledge of body mechanic techniques and the level of practice of body mechanic techniques among nursing students, with a p-value =0.587. Conclusion: This highlights the importance of comprehensive formal education, structured body mechanic technique programmes, and proficient practice of these techniques among students to reduce the prevalence of low back pain among nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]