Search

India, being one of the largest producers of many food crops, also turns out with a huge amount of agricultural residues. Because of the bulky nature, lack of a structured market for selling, significant deterioration of quality during storage, immediate need of field preparation for the next crop in the cropping pattern, etc., are some of the reasons of crop residue burning in the field causing excessive emission of particulate matter and greenhouse gases. Crop residue burning has become a serious environmental issue in recent years, having manifold ramifications with regional, national, and international perspectives. Crop residues and bioproducts generated at different stages of agricultural activities have left behind many useful chemical components that necessitate its utilization for the development of various useful products and processes. This is important not only for the generation of additional income but also for the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions from its residue burning, the scope of employment generation at villages, avoiding disposal-related problems and attaining a sustainable environment. This chapter discusses the global and Indian scenario of agriculture residue generation and various processes and products that can be obtained from agricultural residues as a feedstock. The chapter summarizes that proper utilization of agricultural residues and wastes will be beneficial not only for the farming community but will also be a boon for overall agricultural development in the country and circular economy.