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This study utilized a self-administered questionnaire and qualitative face-to-face interviews with 3 pairs of residents and family members to gather their perceptions on changes in visitation practices due to COVID-19. The study analyzed qualitative data to identify themes in visitation practices (no visitation, phone, and video visits) and their impact on family members. The findings suggested that altered patterns of visits had negative effects on the emotions of residents' family members, particularly when there was no communication between them. The study recommended that long-term care facilities should provide more support for residents and their families during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to explore factors influencing Taiwanese older adults' end-of-life (EOL) care preferences. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 2 geriatric wards of a veterans' hospital. Fifty-five older adults aged 65 years or older were included. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data regarding demographic characteristics, EOL care preferences, stages of change for advance care planning behaviors, and reluctance to burden others. The study revealed that nearly 60% of the participants preferred to let their spouses, adult children, or health care professionals make the decisions. Furthermore, 83.6% of the participants lived with their family members and were moderately to severely disabled with a certain degree of dependence on their family members. Sex, independence, discussion of advance care planning with family members, and completion of advance directives were significantly correlated with EOL care preferences. The regression model showed that the participants' discussion of advance care planning with their family members influenced their EOL care preferences. The results demonstrate that family is an essential consideration for older adults choosing EOL care. Accordingly, because Chinese culture focuses on family harmony, improving communication between older adults and their family members is crucial for promoting advance care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the lack of a suitable tool for detecting the unmet needs of young stroke survivors, this study aims to develop a validated questionnaire for evaluating these unmet needs.A cross-sectional, observational research design.Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou and Taoyuan branches in Taiwan.A total of 211 participants (average age 53 years; within 6 months post-stroke) completed the questionnaire.A qualitative approach was used to create an item pool. Experts verified item suitability, and content validity was evaluated using the item content validity index. Item analysis was applied to determine item quality, and factor analysis was used to explore construct validity. In addition, parallel analysis was employed to ascertain the optimal number of factors.The scale development procedure resulted in a 27-item questionnaire that assesses the unmet needs of young stroke survivors after a stroke. The item content validity index was 1.0. The Unmet Needs Questionnaire has five factors: restoring prestroke abilities and life, rehabilitation-related resources, social support and self-adjustment, economic and post-stroke life adjustment, and stroke-related information. These five factors accounted for 54% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.91, while the alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.74 to 0.88.The Unmet Needs Questionnaire showed acceptable reliability and validity. It can help clinical professionals and government agencies identify stroke survivors’ unmet needs and develop tailored care plans. Future research should explore the trajectory of post-stroke unmet needs using this tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prior study developed the Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) for assessing individuals' computational thinking dispositions in five dimensions: decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and generalization. This study proposed the Developmental Model of Computational Thinking through validating the structural relationships among the five factors of the CTS. To examine the model, a questionnaire including the CTS was administered to 472 middle school students. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the construct of the measurements, and a PLS-SEM analysis was used to validate the structural relationships among the factors. The results confirmed that the 19-item CTS has good item reliability, internal consistency, and construct reliability for measuring computational thinking (CT). In the Developmental Model of CT, decomposition and abstraction significantly predict all other three CT dispositions, suggesting that they are the two fundamental factors required for CT development. Moreover, a significant linear prediction path was shown starting from algorithmic thinking, evaluation, until generalization. Thus, a multi-level model was confirmed for the conceptual framework of CT. This model suggests a possible sequence for CT development which may provide a guideline for the teaching objectives of CT for different learning stages in different school levels. Decomposition and abstraction are especially suggested to be emphasized in school curricula before teaching algorithmic thinking or algorithm designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) used in Indonesian patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Methods: The FAOS was translated into Indonesian through standardized procedures. Among 224 patients with unilateral CLAI recruited from 14 physical therapy clinics during a 1-year period, reliabilities, construct validities, and responsiveness levels of the FAOS were examined. Active and passive range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion or plantiflexion, figure-of-eight, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and Short Form (SF)-36 were used to test the construct validities. Results: The five subscales indicated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.74 ~ 0.96) and interrater test-retest reliabilities (interclass correlation coefficients, 0.80 ~ 0.94). Subscales of the FAOS moderately converged with those selected measures with similar constructs (r values, 0.32 ~ 0.53), with the exception of the correlation of pain with the NPRS (r , -0.06). Results of the principal component analysis showed that the five-factor structure of the FAOS was appropriate for the Indonesian data, although six items (four in the pain and two in the other symptoms (OSs) subscales) did not perfectly fit their original subscales. Guyatt's responsiveness index for the FAOS's subscales changed in the SF-36's physical function over a 1-month period and ranged 0.37 to 1.27. Conclusions: The Indonesian version of the FAOS demonstrated acceptable reliabilities and responsiveness, and fair construct validities among CLAI patients, although certain items in the pain and OSs subscales may need to be further explored and improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]