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In the context of the global pandemic of COVID-19, the epidemic intensity, epidemic characteristics and infection risk of influenza have presented new features. COVID-19 and influenza have simultaneously emerged in many regions of the world. COVID-19 and influenza are similar in terms of transmission mode, clinical symptoms and other aspects. There are also similarities in the mechanism of influenza virus and novel coronavirus on cells. At the same time, it is feasible and significant to do a good job in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and influenza. This paper discusses the relevant strategies and measures for the joint prevention and control of influenza and novel coronavirus from the aspects of influenza vaccination to prevent co-infection, simultaneous vaccination of influenza vaccine and novel coronavirus vaccine, etc., and puts forward corresponding thoughts and suggestions, in order to provide scientific support for the formulation of strategies on seasonal influenza vaccine and novel coronavirus vaccination.在新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）全球大流行的环境下，流感的流行强度、流行特征和人群的感染风险均呈现出新的特点，且全球多地区已出现新冠肺炎和流感共同流行的情况。新冠肺炎和流感的传播方式、临床症状等方面相似，流感病毒与新型冠状病毒对细胞的作用机制上也存在相似之处，同时做好新冠肺炎和流感的防控工作具有较强可行性和重大现实意义。本文从流感疫苗接种预防共同感染、流感疫苗和新冠病毒疫苗同时接种等方面，探讨了流感和新冠共同防控的相关策略和措施，提出了相应的思考和建议，以期为季节性流感疫苗和新型冠状病毒疫苗接种策略的制订提供科学支撑。.

Domestic and foreign literatures related to the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and the re-positive cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed, and the characteristics and infectivity of the re-positive cases were analyzed to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of case management and the development of measures to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Existing studies have shown that re-positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 2.4% to 19.8%, the median of interval between re-positive detection and discharge was 4-15 days. Following the second course of the disease, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgG and IgA positive rates of the cases were 11.11%-86.08%, 52.00%-100.00% and 61.54%-100.00% respectively, the total antibody and neutralizing antibody positive rates were 98.72% and 88.46%. The viral load of the re-positive cases was lower than that in the initial infection. At least 3 380 re-positive cases have been reported globally. SARS-CoV-2 strains were isolated from the samples of 3 re-positive cases (1 immunodeficiency case and 2 cases with abnormal pulmonary imaging). There were close contacts that were infected by an asymptomatic case taking immunosuppressive agents. In conclusion, the infectivity of re-positive cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 is generally very low. Rare re-positive cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 might cause further transmission. The management approach for the re-positive cases can be based on the assessment of the individual transmission risk according to the pathogen detection results.针对国内外新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）感染者排毒持久性以及复检核酸阳性者的相关研究文献进行综述，分析复检阳性者的特征与传染性，为完善病例管理与预防新冠病毒传播措施的制定提供科学依据。现有研究结果显示，新冠病毒复检阳性率范围在2.4%~19.8%之间，复检阳性时间中位数为出院后4~15 d。复检阳性后新冠病毒特异性IgM、IgG和IgA抗体血清阳性率分别为11.11%~86.08%、52.00%~100.00%、61.54%~100.00%；总抗体和中和抗体的血清阳性率分别为98.72%和88.46%。复检阳性后病毒载量低于初次感染时的病毒载量。目前，全球至少报告了3 380例复检阳性者，有3例复检阳性者（1例免疫缺陷病例和2例肺部影像学异常病例）的标本中分离到具有传染性的活病毒，有1例应用免疫抑制剂的无症状感染者引起密切接触者感染。复检阳性者具有传染性的风险总体很低，极个别复检阳性者不排除引起续发传播的可能。对于复检阳性者的管理时间和管理方式，可基于病原检测结果对个体传播风险评估后进行确定。.

As the progress of population aging in China, the proportion of elderly population is increasing. Both chronic diseases and infectious diseases can threaten the health of the elderly. There are many kinds of infectious diseases, including vaccine preventable infectious diseases affecting the health of adults, such as influenza, pneumococcal diseases and herpes zoster. In addition, the newly emerged COVID-19 has caused a pandemic in the world, resulting the highest proportion of deaths occurred in the elderly and posing a serious threat to the health of the elderly. This paper mainly summarizes the prevention and control of vaccine preventable diseases and COVID-19 to which the elderly are susceptible, analyzes the infectious disease problems affecting the health of elderly population, and recommends countermeasures for the prevention and control of these diseases in elderly population.随着我国逐步步入老龄社会，老年人群占比越来越大，其健康受到慢性病和传染病的双重威胁。传染病种类繁多，针对成年人的重要疫苗可预防传染病有流感、肺炎球菌性疾病和带状疱疹等，另外新发传染病新型冠状病毒肺炎造成了全世界的大流行，死亡人群中老年人占比最高，对老年人的健康造成重大威胁。本研究主要针对老年人群的疫苗可预防疾病和新型冠状病毒肺炎进行概述，总结老年人群所面临的部分传染病问题，并提出防控建议。.

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. After the infection of the virus, the host immune system is stimulated to produce multifarious specific antibodies to decrease or eliminate effects of the pathogen. Study of the specific antibodies dynamic characteristics in patients with COVID-19 is very important for the understanding and diagnosis of the disease, research and development of vaccine, and planning of prevention and control strategy. This paper reviews and summarizes the domestic and oversea research on dynamic characteristics of specific antibodies of COVID-19 patients, including the antibody producing, duration and level, and its possible influencing factors in order to improve the understanding of the immunological characteristics of COVID-19.新型冠状病毒肺炎是由新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）引起的新发传染病。新冠病毒侵入人体后，刺激免疫系统产生多种特异性抗体，来减弱或清除病原体对机体的影响。研究新冠病毒感染后人体内特异性抗体动态变化特征对于疾病认识、诊断、以及疫苗研究与防控策略制定具有重要意义。本文对国内外关于新冠病毒感染者不同类型特异性抗体产生和持续时间、抗体水平及其可能的影响因素等方面的相关研究进行归纳分析，从而增进对新冠病毒感染后机体免疫学特征的了解。.

In December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spread rapidly across the country. In the early stages of the epidemic, China adopted the containment strategy and implemented a series of core measures around this strategic point, including social mobilization, strengthening case isolation and close contacts tracking management, blocking epidemic areas and traffic control to reduce personnel movements and increase social distance, environmental measures and personal protection, with a view to controlling the epidemic as soon as possible in limited areas such as Wuhan. This article summarizes the background, key points and core measures in the country and provinces. It sent prospects for future prevention and control strategies.2019年12月，湖北武汉市发生新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，并迅速向全国蔓延。在疫情发生初期，我国采用围堵策略，并围绕此策略要点实施一系列核心措施，包括社会动员、加强病例隔离和密切接触者追踪管理、封锁疫区和交通管控以减少人员流动、增加人际距离、环境卫生措施以及个人防护等，以期尽快将疫情控制在武汉等有限地区。本文对围堵策略实施的背景、主要内容、以及核心措施进行了概述，分析了我国现阶段实施的围堵策略及核心措施的公共卫生意义，并基于措施效果的全面评价与疫情发展的态势评估提出下一步考虑建议。.