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Under the concept of ecological civilization building, how to realize the coordinated development of resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level in ecologically vulnerable regions have become one of the urgent issues to be solved in our country. This paper took 21 prefecture-level cities in the backward U-shape bend urban circle of the Yellow River, a typical ecologically fragile area as an example. Based on the resources environment and economic development data in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to analyze the resources environment, and introduced the coupling coordination model to reveal the coupling coordination relationship and its spatial-temporal evolution patterns between resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level. The results show that the resources environment carrying capacity of the urban agglomeration of that area has a fluctuating upward trend with significant regional differences. The degree of coupling and coordination between resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level gradually tends to a higher degree of coupling as a whole. Through Moran index analysis, it is found that the resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level in the urban agglomeration of the backward U-shape bend of the Yellow River show a significant positive spatial correlation in terms of coupled coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]