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Although textiles decorated with electroactive materials have gained significant development in the field of wearable electronics and portable devices, the main issue is how to better exploit the synergy between conductive media for multi-scenario applications. Herein, we constructed a conductive network of 1D CNTs and 2D gallic acid-modified MXene (MG) alternating assembly of 'wire-surface' structure on the cotton fabric surface for wearable multifunctional personal protection. The introduction of gallic acid extended the lateral dimensions of MXene nanosheets, and the presence of CNTs protected MXene from oxidation and improved the binding of nanosheets to cotton fabric, contributing to an enhancement of the conductivity of the assembled fabric. Meanwhile, the conductivity of the assembled fabric remains stable after cyclic bending (1000 cycles) and nature storage (60 days). The assembled fabric could achieve more than 35 dB of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (X-band) and outstanding infrared thermal camouflage performance. Moreover, low-radiation, Joule and solar heating are integrated to respond to the heating needs of complex scenarios and to achieve efficient utilization of energy. Based on its simple and scalable fabrication process, along with durability and comfort, the assembled cotton is expected to be promising candidates for multifunctional personal protective fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of melanin-like nanoparticles, poly(levodopa) nanoparticles have abundant reactive catechol groups, which provide the basis for the structure design of melanin-like nanoparticles. In this work, we synthesized silver/melanin-like nanoparticles (Ag-SMNPs) using a one-step method. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the chemical structures of Ag-SMNPs were not only loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), but also formed a complex structure with silver ions. Ag-SMNPs-modified fabrics (Ag-SMNPs@Cotton) had demonstrated excellent anti-ultraviolet radiation, photothermal, and antibacterial properties. UV protection levels of the modified fabrics had reached UPF50 + , and their surface temperatures had exceeded 100 °C when irradiated by a Xenon lamp for 1 min. As for the antibacterial activity, the survival rates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on the surface of the modified fabrics were 1.94% and 5.92%, respectively, when the fabrics were irradiated by Xenon lamp for 10 min. Without Xenon lamp irradiation, the survival rates on the modified fabrics were 3.35% and 2.53% for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, when bacteria were in contact with the fabric for 6 h. Additionally, the modified fabrics also maintained an outstanding air and moisture permeability. Multifunctional melanin-like nanoparticles provide a new option for material modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textiles with heat management have good effects on improving comfort during sports. However, it is still a great challenge to endow textiles with responsiveness to external environmental changes. Herein, we developed a temperature-regulating cotton textile with multiple heat transfer capabilities by a two-step method. Firstly, hydroxylated boron nitride (BN-OH) nanosheet dispersion liquid was prepared using the ultrasonic-alkali treatment. Subsequently, enzymatic graft polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) onto cotton fibers was performed using horseradish peroxidase. The composite cotton fabric, containing entrapped BN-OH, exhibits unique temperature-regulating ability. The thermal diffusivities in lateral and in-plane directions reach 1.3 and 1.7 times of the untreated, respectively. This can be attributed to the temperature responsiveness of poly-NIPAM (PNIPAM) and the increase in the packing density of the thermally conductive nanosheets at high temperatures. Meanwhile, the PNIPAM covering the fiber surfaces expands at low temperatures, accordingly minishes the gap sizes between fabric yarns and endows the fabric with improved heat preservation effects. The present work provides an enzyme-mediated strategy for developing textiles with ambient temperature self-response ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and improvement of fabric-based stretchable strain sensors play a vital role in constructing wearable devices. In this paper, a flexible and sensitive cotton-based strain sensor for human motion monitoring was successfully developed by facile LBL-ESA (layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly) of chitosan (or chitosan quaternary ammonium salt) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), abbreviated to PEDOT:PSS. Chemical structure and microscopic morphology of the cotton fabric coated with PEDOT:PSS were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron micrographs, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and color strength (K/S value). Electrical conductivity of the fabric changed with the "odd–even" oscillations of K/S value of the cotton fabric. Furthermore, cotton fabric alternately deposited with five cycles reached the highest electrical conductivity (0.335 mS/cm). Meanwhile, the fabric presents excellent UV protection capacity (maximum UPF value of 385.07), which was 24.4 times of pristine cotton fabric (15.76). In addition, cotton fabric strain sensor coated by PEDOT:PSS could effectively detect finger and knee movements of humans, showing a promising prospect in the field of human rehabilitation training, real-time monitoring, and gesture recognition due to its good stability and being highly responsive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibers containing components with phenolic hydroxyl groups, such as jute, wool, and silk, can be directly modified by laccase‐catalyzed grafting. However, cellulosic fibers like cotton cannot be functionalized in this manner. In this work, we developed a facile two‐step method to graft polymers on cotton fabric via laccase catalysis. First, polydopamine (PDA) coating was deposited on the surface of the cotton fabrics via catalysis of laccase/2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) system. Then, the newly formed PDA coating acted as the secondary reaction platform for subsequent laccase‐mediated grafting of hydrophobic monomer dodecyl gallate (DG). The oxidation of dopamine (DA) catalyzed with the laccase/TEMPO system was investigated using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results verified that the PDA was coated on the surface of cotton fibers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the PDA‐coated cotton was successfully grafted with DG (DG‐PDA‐cotton). According to the weighting method, the grafting percentage was about 1.06%. The hydrophobicity of the DG‐PDA‐cotton fabrics was greatly improved with a contact angle of 133°. Also, the grafted cotton fabrics show repellency of water‐soluble stains like coffee, milk, and tea. This study provides a new strategy for surface modification of cotton by laccase‐mediated grafting, which offers the references for the green fabrication of cotton fabrics with improved functionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial textiles cannot prevent the dirty liquid containing bacteria from passing through the fabrics to reach the human skin, and cannot effectively protect human health. To enhance the antibacterial function of the fabric, a dual-function cotton fabric with hydrophobic and antibacterial properties, cotton@PDA@AgNPs@ODA, was prepared via in situ surface assembly of polydopamine (PDA), Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and octadecylamine (ODA). Polydopamine (PDA) was deposited on raw cotton fabric. AgNPs were introduced to the surface PDA coating of the fabric by in situ reduction of AgNO3 with reducibility of catechol moieties in PDA. Subsequently, octadecylamine (ODA) was grafted onto PDA by Michael addition/Schiff base reaction. Water contact angle of Cotton@PDA@AgNPs@ODA was 130° at 10 min of drop contact time, showing good hydrophobicity. The antibacterial rates of Cotton@PDA@AgNPs@ODA against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were above 99%, and the modified fabric had good bacterial liquid shielding function. Furthermore, the PDA/AgNPs/ODA coating had good fastness under washing, mechanical abrasion and strong acid/alkaline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-neutral bleaching of cotton fabrics at low temperature is of great importance for saving energy and ecological friendliness in textile industry. In this work, glycerol triacetate (GT) was investigated as an activator of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for low temperature bleaching of cotton knitted fabrics, and satisfactory whiteness was obtained. The bleaching properties of H2O2/GT system for cotton was assessed by the CIE whiteness index (WI), H2O2 decomposition rate, concentration of generated peracetic acid and bursting strength. Possible factors affecting the properties of cotton bleached by H2O2/GT bleaching system were discussed in detail. At 60 °C, adding only 10 mmol/L GT to the hydrogen peroxide solution (60 mmol/L) to bleach cotton knitted fabrics for 60 min, the WI was significantly increased from 52.09 to 68.92. By using benzenepentacarboxylic acid as a fluorescent probe for hydroxyl radical (HO·) detection, it was found that GT could clearly promote HO· generation and its concentration closely related to the WI of cotton fabric. Furthermore, the bleaching mechanism of H2O2/GT system was proposed by exploring the relationship between WI and HO· concentration. GT as a bleach activator has more economical benefits and better water solubility than tetraacetylethylenediamine. The H2O2/GT system may provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly bleaching approach of cotton as alternative to conventional alkaline high-temperature bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-responsive textiles with moisture/thermal management characteristics have attracted extensive attention for the purpose of improving human comfort or special job requirements. In this study, a thermo-responsive cotton (TR-cotton) fabric for moisture/thermal management was prepared by horseradish peroxidase/acetylacetone (ACAC)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-initiated "graft from" polymerization on the fiber surface. Enzymatic graft polymerization is a new environmentally friendly method to prepare thermo-responsive textiles. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (MEO2MA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA500) were selected as thermosensitive monomers for graft copolymerization. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA500) was 29 °C. TR-cotton was hydrophilic at ambient temperature below the LCST and hydrophobic at a temperature above the LCST. The air/moisture permeability of TR-cotton at a high temperature (> LCST) was better than that at a low temperature (< LCST). In a cold environment, the fabric exhibited a heat preservation effect (~ 1.5 °C warmer than that observed for unmodified cotton fabric). This study could provide an enzyme catalysis method for the development of "smart textiles". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaldehyde trehalose (OTr) was prepared and applied to cotton fabric as an anti-crease finishing agent under Lewis acid conditions. OTr contains reactive groups (aldehyde groups) and hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl groups). After the aldehyde groups crosslink with the hydroxyl groups of the fibers, the hydroxyl groups of the OTr improve the hydrophilicity of the finished fabric. The target product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The optimum process conditions for anti-crease finishing were studied. The optimal anti-crease finishing process for OTr was 10.0%, a MgCl2 concentration of 2.0%, a pH of 3, and curing for 3 min at 150℃. The efficiency of the OTr-treated cotton fabrics was examined, and the anti-crease property, whiteness, tensile strength, hydrophilicity, and staining property of the OTr and conventional anti-crease finishing reagents were compared. The anti-crease property, whiteness, and tensile strength of the OTr-treated fabric improved significantly, but were lower than those of the butane tetracarboxylic acid and glutaraldehyde. Fabric that was treated with the new prepared agent presented a satisfactory hydrophilicity, which indicates that OTr can be used as an effective hydrophilic crosslinking agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing interest in the development of enzymatic coloration of textile fabrics as an alternative to conventional textile dyeing processes, which is successful for dyeing protein fibers. However, unmodified cotton fabrics are difficult to be dyed through enzyme catalysis due to the lack of affinity of biosynthesized dyes to cotton fibers. In order to improve the enzyme‐catalyzed dyeability of cotton fibers, chitosan was used to coat cotton fabrics as template. A novel and facile bio‐coloration technique using laccase catalysis of hydroquinone was developed to dye chitosan‐templated cotton fabrics. The polymerization of hydroquinone with the template of chitosan under the laccase catalysis was monitored by ultraviolet‐vis spectrophotometer on the absorbance of reaction solution. A significant peak of UV‐vis spectrum at 246 nm corresponding to large conjugated structures appeared and increased with increasing the duration of enzymatic catalysis. The effect of different treatment conditions on the laccase‐catalyzed dyeing of cotton fabric was investigated to determine their optimal parameters of laccase‐catalyzed coloration. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectra demonstrated the formation of H‐bond and Schiff base reaction between chitosan and polymerized hydroquinone. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of dyed cotton fiber was much rougher than that of the control sample. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy also revealed the existence of the chitosan/polymerized hydroquinone complex and polymerized hydroquinone on the dyed cotton fibers. This chitosan‐templated approach offers possibility for biological dyeing coloration of cotton fabrics and other cellulosic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonding of textiles and surface coatings was often assisted by the use of chemical cross-linking agents. Inspired by mussel chemistry, we propose that the strategy of co-assembly of quinone compound (dopamine, DA) and amino compound (polyethyleneimine, PEI) to form amino-quinone network (AQN) coating can effectively solve the problem. In this work, the molecular weight of PEI was used to regulate the surface coating morphology and its properties on cotton fabrics.The results showed that the roughness (Ra) of AQN coatings formed on the surface of glass slides by DA and low, medium or high molecular weight PEI were 3.94, 24.1 or 71.4 nm, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial rates of AQN-coated cotton fabric against E. coli and S. aureus were above 98 %, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value was above 50. After several washes, the antibacterial and UPF values only decreased by about 1 %, which indicates that AQN coating gives cotton fabric good antibacterial and UV protection properties, as well as strong bonds with cotton fabric.This provides insight into the wide application of AQN coating technology in the field of textile modification. [Display omitted] • First study on the effect of molecular weight of amino compounds on amino-quinone network (AQN) coatings • AQN coatings were constructed without the use of chemical crosslinkers. • AQN coated cotton fabric had excellent UV protection and antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual-function antibacterial and photothermal melanin-like nanoparticles (Ag NPs@Fe3+-SMNPs) were prepared and used for fabric modification. The modified fabric had excellent photothermal and antibacterial performance. By Xenon lamp irradiation, the temperature of the fabric surface rises rapidly to over 80 °C in 30 s. The modified fabric had the photothermal sterilization rates of 99% against E. coli or S. aureus after 10 min of Xenon lamp irradiation. Meanwhile, Ag NPs provided excellent antibacterial properties to the modified fabric used in daily life, and the antibacterial rate of the modified fabric was 99%. Additionally, the modified fabric showed excellent air and moisture permeability, and had excellent photothermal and antibacterial properties after 20 times of washing and 100 times of rubbing. The modified fabric was modified with the antibacterial and photothermal dual-function melanin-like nanoparticles, showing great potential in personal protective equipment (such as masks) to meet people's needs in the future. [Display omitted] • Ag NPs were reduced in situ onto melanin-like NPs for antibacterial properties. • Antibacterial and photothermal melanin-like NPs were prepared. • The melanin-like NPs can bind to cotton fabric by spontaneous deposition. • The fabric with antibacterial and rapid photothermal sterilization was prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophobic cotton fabrics were prepared by grafting octadecylamine (ODA) onto cotton fiber surfaces via the laccase/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) treatment. The cotton fibers were oxidized by laccase/TEMPO to introduce aldehyde groups, which reacted with the amino groups of ODA to form Schiff base. First, ODA was coupled to glucan, used as a model compound of cellulose. The results of FT-IR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy prove the formation of a Schiff base between ODA and glucan. Moreover, the existence of ODA in the grafted cotton fibers was verified by ATR-FTIR, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, the hydrophobicity of the ODA-grafted cotton fabrics was estimated. The surface hydrophobicity of the cotton fabrics increased after the enzymatic grafting reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrolytic reaction of cellulases can occur in the interior of cellulosic fibers, causing tensile strength loss of the fabrics. Cellulase immobilization is an approach to solve this problem, because enlarging the molecule size of cellulases will limit the hydrolysis to the surfaces of the fibers. In this study, commercial cellulases were noncovalently immobilized onto the reversibly soluble polymers (Eudragit S-100 and Eudragit L-100). The characteristics of cellulase-Eudragit S-100 (CES) and cellulase-Eudragit L-100 (CEL) were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence spectra. The CES showed higher stability than CEL and free cellulase, especially at higher pH and temperature. CES and CEL retained 51% and 42% of their original activities after three cycles of repeated uses, respectively. In addition, the effects of cellulase treatment on the cotton yarn and fabric have been investigated. The bending stiffness results showed that the cotton fabric samples treated with the free and immobilized cellulases were softer than untreated samples. However, less fiber damage in terms of weight loss and tensile strength of treated cotton was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulases can penetrate into the fiber, causing tensile strength loss of the cellulosic fibers or fabrics. To minimize the tensile strength loss, we have immobilized cellulases on Eudragit S-100. The characteristics of covalent Eudragit cellulase were evaluated using gel filtration analysis and UV spectra. Gel filtration analysis revealed that the cellulases were covalently bound to the polymer. Covalent Eudragit cellulase was loaded with the enzyme of about 40% and had a relative activity about 80% at a Eudragit S-100 concentration of 15 g/L. When cellulase is bound to the polymer, the solubility profile becomes similar to the one of Eudragit. In addition, the effects of the enzyme on the cotton yarns and fabric using cellulases have been investigated. Native and immobilized cellulases caused improvements in whiteness and wrinkle recovery angle of the fabric in comparison to the control samples. The bending stiffness results show that native and immobilized cellulase treated cotton fabric has an improved softness than the control samples. It was found that using the immobilized cellulase reduced the weight and tensile strength, because the hydrolytic attack is only limited to the surfaces of cotton fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the applications of nanoparticle-decorated textiles for environmental governmental governance have aroused great concerns, while the poor fastness and uncontrolled aggregation of the nanoparticles negatively influenced its practical use. Herein, an environmental-friendly synthesis strategy of water-dispersible MnO 2 was demonstrated by using the reductant of 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and template of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and then the as-prepared MnO 2 was further employed as a multifunctional textile coating. In all the procedures under room temperatures, three effects of cationic CTAB micelles were thoroughly explored, from optimizing MnO 2 to uniform micro/nanoscale through template strategy, to bridging the gaps between electronegative particles and fabrics, and even providing stable antibacterial effect. Consequently, without any additional binding agents, multifunctional cotton textile was obtained by simply immersing cotton into a MnO 2 -CTAB aqueous solution, and appeared antibacterial rates (over 99 %) to both E. coli and S. aureus. Meanwhile, HCHO removal and ultraviolet blocking (UVA<0.1 %) properties as well as high durability of the nanoparticles are also introduced to the textiles. We believe as-presented cationic surfactant-templated strategy for regulating synthesis and deposition of functional particles onto cotton textiles has broad application prospects in green and sustainable functionalization of decoration textiles. [Display omitted] • Cationic surfactant-guided synthesis of water-dispersible MnO 2 is initiated by MES. • MnO 2 nanoparticles endow cotton with encouraging ability to remove indoor HCHO. • CTAB enhances binding fastness by bridging gaps between nanoparticles and fibers. • Antibacterial and UV-blocking abilities are added to cotton under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, various harmful indoor pollutants especially including bacteria and residual formaldehyde (HCHO) seriously threaten human health and reduce the quality of public life. Herein, a universal substrate-independence finishing approach for efficiently solving these hybrid indoor threats is demonstrated, in which amine-quinone network (AQN) was employed as reduction agent to guide in-situ growth of Ag@MnO 2 particles, and also acted as an adhesion interlayer to firmly anchor nanoparticles onto diverse textiles, especially for cotton fabrics. In contrast with traditional hydrothermal or calcine methods, the highly reactive AQN ensures the efficient generation of functional nanoparticles under mild conditions without any additional catalysts. During the AQN-guided reduction, the doping of Ag atoms onto cellulose fiber surface optimized the crystallinity and oxygen vacancy of MnO 2 , providing cotton efficient antibacterial efficiency over 90 % after 30 min of contact, companying with encouraging UV-shielding and indoor HCHO purification properties. Besides, even after 30 cycles of standard washing, the Ag@MnO 2 -decorated textiles can effectively degrade HCHO while well-maintaining their inherent properties. In summary, the presented AQN-mediated strategy of efficiently guiding the deposition of functional particles on fibers has broad application prospects in the green and sustainable functionalization of textiles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A functional MnO 2 -decorated cotton initiated by mussel chemistry was rapidly prepared under mild conditions. • Amine-quinone network as interlayer efficiently initiated the MnO 2 deposition with satisfactory fastness. • Photothermal antibacterial, UV-shielding and HCHO removal properties were introduced to cotton. • An in-situ reduction strategy for preparing functional nanoparticles was prepared. Nowadays, with the rapid growth of population and acceleration of global urbanization, the microbial contamination on textiles and continuous formaldehyde (HCHO) releases from indoor decoration have aroused public attentions along with the textile consumption. Herein, a green, novel method for preparation of a multifunctional cotton fabric was reported, via the combination use of mussel-inspired fabrication of amine-quinone networks (AQN) and in-situ deposition of manganese dioxide (MnO 2). Unlike the conventional methods under extreme conditions, in this method, the MnO 2 particles were efficiently deposited on the fiber surfaces at room temperature within 30 min in the presence of reductive AQN surface composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and dopamine, and the MnO 2 -deposited cotton fabric exhibits efficient photothermal antibacterial capability against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , with inactivation efficiencies over 97% after 20 min of irradiation. In addition, this multi-functional fabric shows prominent UV-shielding property (UPF > 100) and HCHO purification ability, making 106.04 μg of HCHO rapidly removed within 30 min by 2.5 g of modified cotton. Therefore, we believe that the functional fabric exhibits wide applications in the fields of home textiles for antibacterial and air purification under mild conditions, and the special AQN structure can be further expanded to fabrications of other multifunctional nano-composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional textiles with antibacterial properties and UV protection are essential for human health. However, the process of functional modification of textiles is usually done with the help of chemical cross-linking agents to improve the bonding fastness of functional finishing agents on textiles. The use of chemical cross-linking agents is not eco-friendly enough and is prone to chemical waste. In this study, some highly reactive polyamine biomolecules were combined with dopamine quinone, a super adhesive bionic material, to spontaneously construct amino-quinone networks (AQNs) coatings on the surface of cotton fabrics without the addition of chemical crosslinkers. The amino/quinone compounds (A/Q) self-crosslinking reaction is achieved by Michael addition and Schiff base reaction between the quinone group in dopamine quinone and the amino group in chitosan (CTS), chitooligosaccharide (COS) or ԑ-polylysine (ԑ-PL). The combination of polyamines and dopamine quinone during the cotton finishing process imparts antibacterial and UV protection to cotton fabric. The results showed that the AQNs coating modified fabrics had superb UV protection and antibacterial rates of over 96% against both E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, the AQNs coating modified fabrics had good resistance to washing and mechanical abrasion. This study proposes that self-assembled amino-quinone network multifunctional coatings of dopamine quinone and polyamine biomolecules are of guiding significance for the development of environmentally friendly bio-based materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional textiles have attracted widespread attention with the improvement of awareness of health. Especially, the fluorine-free superhydrophobic and conductive cellulose fiber-based fabrics have received intensive interest due to their broad and high-value applications. Herein, the copper sulfide nanoflowers were in-situ deposited on cotton fabric followed by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treatment for encapsulating CuS nanoflowers and obtaining superhydrophobicity, recorded as Cot@PTA@CuS@PDMS. Cot@PTA@CuS@PDMS possesses superhydrophobicity with contact angles of 153.0 ± 0.4°, photothermal effect, excellent UV resistance, good conductivity, and anti-fouling. Interestingly, the resistance of Cot@PTA@CuS@PDMS is significantly reduced from 856.4 to 393.1 Ω under simulated sunlight irradiation with 250 mW/cm2. Notably, the resistance can be slightly recovered after shutting off simulated sunlight. Besides, Cot@PTA@CuS@PDMS has efficient oil-water separation efficiency for corn germ oil and castor oil, respectively. Briefly, this work provides a novel, facile, and promising strategy to fabricate multifunctional fiber-based textiles with the reversible change of resistance under simulated sunlight irradiation, inspiring more scholars to control the resistance change of textiles by light irradiation. [Display omitted] • Non-fluorinated superhydrophobic, photothermal, conductive, and UV-resistant coating. • Photothermal conversion mediated by the simulated sunlight and NIR laser irradiation. • UPF of Cot@PTA@CuS@PDMS reaching 394.74 ± 89.94 after washing for 5 cycles • Simulated sunlight-mediated reversible change of resistance of cotton fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To our knowledge, surface hydrophobicity is normally fabricated by hydrophobic or fluorinated materials; however, it can be predicted. So, it is exciting and high value that using a single hydrophilic material directly obtains a hydrophobic surface, which may be a promising and significant aspect and a great challenge in surface and interface science. Herein, the copper sulfide (CuS) nanoflowers were in-situ deposited on the cotton fabric after cotton fabric was incubated with copper(II) chloride dihydrate and thioacetamide stirring for 3 h at 80 °C, labelled as Cot@PTA@CuS. Then, Cot@PTA@CuS was treated by near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation at 808 nm, recorded as Cot@PTA@CuS-NIR. Interestingly, Cot@PTA@CuS-NIR exhibits good hydrophobicity with WCAs of 136.5 ± 3.5° and hydrophobic stability within 30 min. Notably, the hydrophobicity of Cot@PTA@CuS-NIR is created without using the lower surface free energy materials, possessing significant progressiveness compared with conventional surface hydrophobicity fabricated by hydrophobic or fluorinated materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) demonstrate the formation of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) after NIR laser irradiation. Subsequently, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was selected to encapsulate CuS nanoflowers with improving the stability of CuS nanoflowers and obtaining superhydrophobicity, recorded as Cot@PTA@CuS-NIR@PDMS, achieving the results of killing two birds with one stone. Cot@PTA@CuS-NIR@PDMS also has an excellent photothermal effect and UV resistance. Finally, Cot@PTA@CuS-NIR@PDMS was used for efficient oil/water separation. Overall, this work renders a novel, feasible, and facile idea for gaining surface hydrophobicity by hydrophilic CuS nanoflowers with NIR laser irradiation, inspiring more scholars to create surface hydrophobicity by hydrophilic materials. [Display omitted] • Excellent hydrophobicity of CuS coating mediated by NIR laser irradiation • Dynamic contact angle revealed the uniformity of hydrophobic micro-area. • XPS and XRD demonstrated the mechanism of the novel hydrophobicity. • Superhydrophobic, photothermal, and UV-resistant cotton fabric [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SeNPs were prepared using the template of α-lipoic acid-modified polylysine (mPLL). • Reconstructing disulfide bonds realized a stable fixation of SeNPs on cotton fibers. • SeNP-deposited fibric exhibits rapid photothermal effects under light irradiation. • Cotton- g -mPLL@SeNPs fabric achieves antibacterial and antifungal performances. Inorganic nanoparticles have significant surface and are often used as efficient antimicrobial agent to solve the problem of bacterial propagation on textile surfaces. However, the commonly used antibacterial nanomaterials generally exhibit weak binding force to textiles, and can be toxic to both the human body and the environment. Herein, in this work, we demonstrated a facile yet effective approach to construct rapid photothermal antibacterial and antifungal textiles, through the dynamic disulfide bond-assisted in-situ deposition of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) onto cotton fabric. Briefly, selenium nanospheres with an average particle size of 40 nm were successfully prepared, using α-lipoic acid-modified polylysine (mPLL) as soft template and ascorbic acid as reducing agent. Subsequently, the nanospheres were induced to cross-link with cotton fibers by reconstructing the disulfide bonds and bridging with ethylene glycol diglycyl ether (EGDE). The resulting composite fabric, cotton- g -mPLL@SeNPs, exhibits excellent photothermal conversion ability and durable antibacterial and antifungal properties. Meanwhile, a bright orange-red appearance and excellent anti-ultraviolet ability were achieved after the introduction of inorganic nanoparticles onto fabric surface, without obvious adverse effects on the wearability performances such as hand feeling and air permeability. Furthermore, the obtained textiles crucially remain highly biocompatible and non-cytotoxic, significantly superior to traditional antibacterial nanoparticles such as nanosilver. The present work provides a novel alternative for preparation of the nanoparticle-based textiles with rapid and durable antibacterial and antifungal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, transglutaminase-mediated alkylation modification of zein with octadecylamine (OA) was carried out to enhance the hydrophobicity of zein and the potential application of modified zein in the functionalization of textiles was evaluated. The reaction between OA and zein was demonstrated from the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H MIR). The hydrophobicity of zein significantly increased and the secondary structure of zein slightly changed after alkylation modification. The alkylated zein imparted excellent hydrophobic function to cotton textiles with a water contact angle (WCA) value of 131.7° and the hydrophobicity was long-lasting. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a coarse surface formed on cotton fabric due to the participation of OA. The hydrophobic functionalization of the cotton fabric with alkylated zein did not cause negative impact on the mechanical properties and air permeability of the fabric. • Zein was modified with octadecylamine through transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking reaction. • The hydrophobicity of alkyled zein significantly increased. • The alkyled zein imparted excellent hydrophobic function to cotton textiles. • The hydrophobic functionalization did not cause negative impact on the mechanical properties and air permeability of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophobic and antibacterial functionalization of cellulosic fabric(cotton) were performed via a simple immersion process with two natural polymers: zein and rosin. Compared to zein-treated cotton fabric, the water contact angle (WCA) value of cotton fabric treated with zein-rosin complex increased from 119.62 ± 3.11° to 133.14 ± 2.5° and the water resistance was long-lasting. The micromorphology, roughness and chemical composition for the surface of different cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that a rougher surface from zein was obtained with the addition of rosin, which contributed to the hydrophobic property of the fabric. In addition, the results showed that the functional cotton fabrics exhibited good antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and the bacterial inhibition rates were 92.2 % and 87.2 %, respectively. The functional fabrics retained their mechanical properties, air permeability and water vapor permeability. [Display omitted] • A hydrophobic and antibacterial functionalization process for textiles with zein and rosin was proposed. • The addition of rosin was helpful to construct rougher surface. • The zein-rosin complex imparted long-term hydrophobicity and better antibacterial activity. • Mechanical properties, air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabrics still retained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly severe problem of population aging, human motion detection and personal thermal management have attracted widespread attention in the field of smart wearable electronics. However, the current multifunctional flexible devices face problems, such as lower stability and poor comfort, which greatly hinder their further development. In this work, an improved fabrication strategy combining in situ enzymatic polymerization and surface topological modification is proposed to facile and efficiently prepare poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polyacrylamide (PEDOT/PAAm) smart fabric. To increase the conductivity and the bonding force between fabric and PEDOT particles, the PAAm was used to pre-construct a microgel layer on the surface of cotton fabric to make PEDOT uniformly coated on the fabric, thus forming a highly electrically conductive interconnection network. The resulting fabric samples show outstanding duel-driven thermal performance (88.6 °C for 2 sun, 84.5 °C for 10 V), satisfactory detection capability for subtle and rapid motion (drops of water and paper pill, bending of fingers), and remarkable ultraviolet protection performance (24.6 times than the UPF value of unmodified fabric sample). All in all, multifunctional fabric-based devices with remarkable performance exhibited great application potential in rehabilitation therapy and personal home care, especially for people with disabilities and older people. [Display omitted] • Highlights (for review). • An advanced strategy combining in situ polymerization and topological modification. • Strain sensor and wearable heater both can be used in dry and underwater conditions. • Pre-construct microgel layer to increase bonding force between fabric and PEDOT. • The excellent dual-drive heating, motion detection and UV protection performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the frequent occurrence of oil-containing pollutant discharge events, many optimal strategies for oil-water separation were proposed. However, the large-scale application of these strategies is severely limited by the lack of environmental unfriendliness and intelligent response capability. To address these issues, we developed a thermo-responsive fabric with switchable wettability that can be applied for efficient oil-water separation by an eco-friendly enzymatic method. Briefly, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (KH-570) and boron nitride (BN) nanosheets were introduced to the surfaces of cotton fabric, followed by enzymatic graft polymerization of N,N -dimethyl (methacryloylethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS) onto the fibers using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Thanks to the switchable wettability of the composite layer on the yarn surfaces, oil and water can pass through the cotton fabric at the temperatures below and above 28 °C, respectively, realizing highly efficient oil-water separation. The resulting temperature-responsive textiles exhibit encouraging separation performance, and the separation efficiency, oil flux, and water flux reach as high as 95%, 542.57 L·h−1m−2, and 477.26 L·h−1m−2, respectively. Meanwhile, the cyclic separation capability, acid-alkali tolerance, and mechanical friction stability of the composite textiles are encouraging. The present work provides an alternative for construction of oil-water separation materials, which inspires further research on the smart oil-water separation strategies. [Display omitted] • Hydrophobic surface of cotton fiber was constructed by introducing BN nanosheets and vinylsilane coupling agent. • HRP-catalyzed graft polymerization of PDMAPS endowed cotton textile with switchable hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. • The composite textile with temperature-responsive polymers exhibits encouraging effect for oil-water separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biochar was uniformly finished on the cotton fabric. • PA/CH/BC-coating improved the thermal stability and degradation of cotton. • PA/CH/BC (7.5%)-coated cotton fabric has excellent flame retardant performance. • PA/CH/BC (7.5%)-coated cotton fabric has good durable flame retardancy. A flame retardant coating containing phytic acid (PA), chitosan (CH), and biochar (BC) was prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly, and its flame retardancy after application to cotton fabrics was evaluated. The surface morphology, combustion properties, thermal degradation, and flame retardant behavior of untreated and coated cotton fabrics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, cone calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis coupled online with a mass spectrometer (TGA-MS). Results showed that the biochar was well dispersed in viscous chitosan and uniformly finished on the cotton fabric. Using the biochar, phytic acid, and chitosan (PA/CH/BC) coating significantly improved the char yield, protected the underlayer cotton fabric from degradation, and improved the thermal stability of the treated cotton through a condensed phase flame retardant mechanism. Cone calorimetry results confirmed that the PA/CH/BC-coated cotton fabric formed a thermally stable char layer during combustion, and this layer effectively inhibited oxygen and heat transfer. The peak heat release rate (pkHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of PA/CH/BC-coated cotton fabric were significantly reduced compared with those of untreated cotton fabric. Compared to untreated fabric, cone calorimetry showed that cotton fabric treated with PA/CH/BC (7.5%) exhibited pkHRR and THR values that were decreased by 88.66% and 88.69%, respectively, and a limiting oxygen index that increased from 18.6% to 64.1%, indicating that the treated fabric has excellent flame retardant performance. Thermal degradation stability and thermal oxidation performance tests were conducted on treated materials subjected to ten laundering cycles to evaluate the durability of the flame retardant in practical application. TG analysis showed that the treated cotton exhibits favorable thermal degradation and thermal oxidation stability, and cone calorimetry suggested that approximately 60% of the flame retardant properties were retained after washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• α-Lipoic acid was used to prepare anti-crease cotton fabrics without formaldehyde release for the first time. • The tensile strength of the anti-crease cotton fabric was higher than the pristine cotton. • The hydrophilicity of anti-crease cotton fabric was superior to that treated by BTCA and DMDHEU. • α-Lipoic acid was used to form an anchored coating on the surface of the cotton fiber by polymerization. Extensive research and practice on anti-crease of cotton fabric has been made in the past few decades because of its easy creasing properties. However, it has not achieved a good balance between anti-crease performance, strength loss, hydrophilicity and formaldehyde release until now. In this study, for the first time, α-lipoic acid (ALA) which contains bifunctional groups, carboxyl group and disulfide bond, has been successfully used as an innovative cross-linking agent in the anti-crease functionalization to prepare high crease resistant and hydrophilic cotton fabric without strength loss and formaldehyde release. The mechanism between ALA and cellulose through esterification, disulfide breaking and reconstruction, and anti-crease mechanism based on topological disulfide bridges among cellulosic molecules were illustrated in terms of the characterization analyses of cross-linked ALA and poly(α-lipoic acid). This study provides a completely different idea for the preparation of anti-crease cotton fabric with high strength and hydrophilic without negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, oxidized sucrose (oxysucrose) was used as a hydrophilic crosslinking reagent instead of conventional anti-crease reagents for cotton fabrics. In this research, the partial oxidization of sucrose with sodium periodate generated multiple aldehydes, which acted as multifunctional cross-linkers and endowed cotton fabrics with anti-crease and hydrophilic function. The results showed that the oxysucrose-treated cotton fabrics obtained the maximum crease recovery angle of 245°, durable press rating of 3.0, and whiteness index of 82.8. Importantly, the oxysucrose-treated samples showed better hydrophilicity that overcomes the hydrophobization deficiency of anti-creased cotton fabrics treated with previously reported dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU), glutaraldehyde (GA), and 1, 2, 3, 4,-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The etherification reaction between the aldehyde group of oxysucrose and the hydroxyl group of cellulose was investigated and the possible crosslinking and anti-crease mechanism was proposed. Image 1 • Oxysucrose was a new anti-crease crosslinking agent. • Crease resistance and hydrophilic property of cotton fabrics treated with oxysucrose were improved obviously. • Etherification mechanism of oxysucrose and cellulose was proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]