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The chelating ligands of boric acid and amino trimethyl phosphonate prepared a novel flame retardant (BAP) for the cotton fabric. A stable chemical and coordination bond was formed on the surface of the cotton fibers by a simple three‐curing finishing process to make the fabric exhibits excellent durable flame retardancy. Cotton fabrics' tensile strength and whiteness got substantially retained after BAP treatment. 90 g/L BAP‐treated samples (3 curing times, 50 laundry cycles) showed good flame retardancy and durability, holding the largest limit oxygen index, 29.7%, and the shortest damage length, 61 mm. A condensed phase and gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism was concluded by thermogravimetric, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric infrared analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, we have witnessed numerous indoor fires caused by the flammable properties of cotton. Flame-retardant cotton deserves our attention. A novel boric acid and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene-phosphonic acid) (DTPMPA) ammonium salt-based chelating coordination flame retardant (BDA) was successfully prepared for cotton fabrics, and a related retardant mechanism with ion transfer was investigated. BDA can form a stable chemical and coordination bond on the surface of cotton fibers by a simple three-curing finishing process. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of BDA-90 increased to 36.1%, and the LOI value of cotton fabric became 30.3% after 50 laundering cycles (LCs) and exhibited excellent durable flame retardancy. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were used to observe the bonding mode and morphology of BDA on cotton fibers. A synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of condensed and gas phases was concluded from thermogravimetry (TG), cone calorimeter tests, and TG-FTIR. The test results of whiteness and tensile strength showed that the physical properties of BDA-treated cotton fabric were well maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A halogen-free, non-formaldehyde and eco-friendly bio-based synergistic flame retardant containing phosphorus–boron–nitrogen elements were synthesized and applied on cotton fabrics. Three curing cycles in cotton finishing process were employed. Samples treated with 30 g/L PBN solutions revealed the best result, while high concentrations did not gain more weight increase nor improved performance on the products. The SEM morphologies suggested penetration of ammonium phytate groups to the inner space and floatation of boron-containing groups on the surfaces of the cotton fibers. FTIR and XPS analyses indicated that after 50 laundering cycles, the boron can still stay on the surface of the treated cotton fibers. The LOI value of 30 g/L PBN finished cotton fabrics reached 45.0% and remained at 37.6% after 50 LCs. The char length of the treated cotton sample was 63 mm, whereas the control sample was 300 mm. The TG analysis in N2 demonstrated that the decomposition temperature of the treated fabric slightly decreased, while the thermal oxidation stability was significantly improved. Cone calorimetry analysis showed that the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and effective heat combustion of the treated samples were substantially reduced compared with the control sample at 50 kW/m2. LOI, TG, vertical burning and cone calorimetry showed that the PBN treated samples had good flame retardancy and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a Phosphorous ‐ Aluminium ‐ Nitride synergistic flame retardant (PAN) was synthesized by phosphoric acid, glycerol, aluminium sulfate and urea, though a one‐pot process. The PAN was durably grafted onto the surface of cotton fabric by the simple process of soak‐dry‐cure. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the aluminium element and Phosphorous ‐ Nitrogen flame retardants (PN) was investigated. The flame‐retardant effect is the best when the conttent of alumium is 2.5 mol% (percentage of phosphoricacid) in PAN. The analyses of FTIR and XPS results suggested that PAN was grafted onto the cotton by forming a strong P−O‐C covalent bond on the surface of fiber. The SEM and Whiteness test proved that the flame‐retardant finishing cotton fabric do possess good morphology and whiteness. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the PAN treated cotton fabric were assessed by TG and vertical flammability test. Then, found the aluminium sulfate in PAN had synergistic effect, and the PAN had significant flame retardancy in application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]