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Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) are two major viral diseases affecting the respiratory tracts of birds and whose impact on African poultry is still poorly known. In the present study we aimed at assessing NDV and IBV prevalences in Ivory-Coast by molecular screening of > 22,000 avian swabs by nested PCR and by serology testing of close to 2000 avian sera from 2010 through 2012. The NDV and IBV seroprevalences over the study period reached 22% and 72%, respectively. We found 14.7% pooled swabs positive by PCR for NDV and 14.6% for IBV. Both pathogens are therefore endemic in Ivory-Coast. Economic losses associated with NDV and IBV infections still need to be evaluated., Highlights • Surveillance of avian influenza virus is found negative in backyard poultry farm. • Study of Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis as differential diagnosis diseases • Newcastle disease virus seroprevalence is much lower than infectious bronchitis virus. • First study of infectious bronchitis revealed high prevalence in backyard poultry. • Both pathogens are endemic, cause economic losses and need to be fully evaluated.

Goats were infected subcutaneously with different African and Indian isolates of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. Typical signs of disease were recorded from day 6 post infection for all isolates. Ocular, nasal and mouth samples were tested for the presence of virus antigen or nucleic acid using the immunocapture ELISA (ICE) and the RT-PCR technique. Using ICE, virus antigen was detected at day 4 in ocular and nasal samples of goats infected with Cote-d'Ivoire 89 and in the ocular, nasal and mouth samples with the India, Calcutta strains. By day 5, all samples from both these groups were positive while ocular and nasal samples from groups with Sudan-Sennar and Nigeria 75/1 strains became positive. With the RT-PCR technique virus nucleic acid, presumed to be associated with infectious virus excretion, was detected at day 3 in oral and nasal samples in groups infected with Cote-d'Ivoire 89 and India-Calcutta strains. From day 6-9, all samples from all groups were positive with both techniques. This experiment demonstrated that PPR virus antigens and nucleic acid, presumed to be related to infectious virus, is excreted 2-3 days before the appearance of clinical signs whatever the technique used which is of epidemiological importance in controlling the spread of the disease. The ICE being easier to perform in developing countries can be recommended as a useful method to investigate PPR in small ruminants flocks at an early stage to prevent the diffusion of the disease.

The HIV pandemic has led a resurgence of tuberculosis which did reach developing as well as developed countries. In Côte d'Ivoire, tuberculosis represented 40-50 per cent of HIV opportunist infections. The incidence rate of this infection, in 2004 was 110/100,000 inhabitants all type of tuberculosis together. As we know, a few studies haven't been devoted to child military pulmonary tuberculosis. Our objectives in this study are to precise circumstances of diagnosis, to assess treatment of the miliary tuberculosis to children below 15 years, to analyze evolving aspects of military tuberculosis. Retrospective study of medical hill of children center anti tuberculosis from 1st December 1999 to 31st December 2002. In the result, miliary tuberculosis is the third extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and concerns children from 6 to 11 years leaving in the social precarious the age where miliary tuberculosis is the most frequent. HIV seroprevalence rate is 40.62 per cent Clinical signs are: Cough expectoration and impregnation signs among which first have fever, weight loss. The radiological signs are opacity in the shape of seeds of millet. The treatment is efficacy if it is correctly administered.Diagnostic of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis is essentially radiologic. The rate of cure of 94% could be improved if health authorities, population and the government combine their efforts to struggle against tuberculosis.