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Highlights • Inner reinforcement and outer modification have been combined for the first time to enhance the EP/CNFs coating. • The barrier and mechanical performances of EP/MoS 2 -CNFs have been improved compared with previous EP/CNFs coating. • The MoS 2 -CNFs composite was prepared via electrospun, which is a simple and effective method. • The relationship between mechanical property and corrosion resistance of coating has been discussed for the first. Abstract To enhance the anticorrosive and mechanical performances of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in epoxy (EP) coatings, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) and γ- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) have been combined for inner reinforcement and outer surface modification based on CNFs. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, tensile testing and microhardness testing demonstrated that MoS 2 -CNFs (0.8%) composite can prominently enhance the anticorrosive and mechanical performance of the EP coating. Furthermore, the impedance of EP/MoS 2 -CNFs (0.8%) was higher than that of the pure EP and other composite coatings, and the Young's modulus (EY) and tensile strength (σs) of EP/MoS 2 -CNFs (0.8%) were increased by 65.4% and 56.6%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]