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Objective: To investigate the distribution of serum specific allergens (sIgE) in asthmatic children under 5 years old. Methods: The serum specific allergens of 62 asthmatic children under 5 years old and 49 asthmatic children hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to December 2019 were detected by Western blot. The distribution of allergens in asthmatic children under 5 years old and asthmatic children and their relationship with asthma were analyzed. Results: 12 kinds of allergens such as dust mite, cat's fur, dog's fur, Artemisia, Humulus, alder, willow, beech, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mycobacterium candidum, Alternaria alternatus, Aspergillus niger inhalation allergen, peanut, soybean, cashew, pistachio, hazelnut, almond, walnut, shrimp, crab, peach, apple, mango, litchi, strawberry food allergen were related to asthma (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dust mites, cat fur, nuts, mould and fruits were the risk factors of asthma (P<0.05). Dust mites, cat fur scraps and shrimps and crabs were the risk factors of male asthmatic children, and Aspergillus niger was the risk factor of female asthmatic children (P<0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of serum specific (sIgE) allergens in asthmatic children were different from that in asthmatic children. At the same time, it was found that there were gender differences in allergens in asthmatic children. Therefore, the allergen detection in asthmatic children could be used as the basis for avoiding allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]