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Objective To investigate the correlation between arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) gene polymorphism and its genetic predisposition to coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han population of Shaanxi Province so as to provide the basis for early diagnosis and prophylaxis of CHD. Methods The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ALOX15’s rs916055, rs2619112, and rs2664593 were measured by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) method in 105 CHD patients (CHD group) and 75 non-CHD patients (control group) who were matched in age and sex. Results The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of SNPs rs916055A/G in CHD group were significantly different from those in control group (P=0.0001, P=0.0001). The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of SNP rs2619112A/G in CHD group did not significantly differ from those in control group (P=0.1342, P=0.1438). The frequencies of genotypes of SNP rs2664593C/G in CHD group significantly differed from those in control group (P=0.0027), but the frequencies of alleles were not significantly different (P=0.5371). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the A allele of SNP rs916055 was an independent risk factor for CHD. Conclusion SNP rs916055 may be related to CHD and its A allele may be the genetic susceptibility gene for CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]