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Background: Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are present in body fluids in stable, cell-free form. Likewise, these miRNAs can be identified in various stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation and atherosclerosis among others. miRNA expression levels can be identified. Aims and objectives: To determine the expression of circulating miRNAs (miR-126, miR-92, miR-33, miR-145 and miR-155) in CAD patients of Indian origin. Material and methods: miRNA profiling analysis in blood plasma was performed by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) in 60 angiographically verified subjects including 30 CAD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. Association between the expression of all five circulating miRNAs and clinical characteristics of patients with CAD were analysed using Medcalc statistics. The severity of CAD was assessed using SYNTAX score (SS). Results: Expression of plasma miR-33 increased by 2.9 folds in CAD patients than in control group (p value ≥0.002) also it was found that miR-33 expression levels in mild cases (SS: ≤22) were significantly higher than CAD controls. There was a modest negative correlation between miR-33 and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein. Conclusion: The study reports a significant association between increased levels of plasma miR-33 and CAD. Thus, plasma miR-33 appears to be a promising non-invasive biomarker, but requires further validation in a large cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oxidative stress induces atherosclerosis by triggering an inflammatory cascade within the vascular wall. Objective: To investigate the role of pro-oxidant and antioxidant gene variations with CAD in Indian subjects. Materials & methods: It’s a case-control study and genotyping for the variantsMPO G-463A, CYBA G640A, SOD2 Val16AlaandCAT C-262Twere performed by conventional PCR techniques. Results: OnlyCYBA G640Avariant allele was found to be significantly (p = 0.0075) associated with CAD. Conclusion: AlthoughCYBA G640Avariation was found to be significant, a larger study is needed to validate these results and establish its role as a biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Context: Thrombomodulin (TM), a natural anticoagulant have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) thus emphasizing its potential role as a biomarker. Objectives: To investigate the role of the TM genetic variants and soluble TM (sTM) plasma levels in Indian population with CAD. Materials and methods: This case-control study involved genotyping of the entire TM gene and sTM levels estimation in 266 subjects. Results: None of the four TM genetic variants identified significantly increased CAD risk in the study population. However, further subgroup analysis revealed that in subjects ≤49 years, C1418T variant (Ala455Val substitution) was significantly associated with CAD. Conclusion: The increased CAD risk in subjects ≤49 years due to TM Ala455Val substitution is a promising finding. Further validation on large Indian cohorts is required in order to screen asymptomatic young subjects for CAD risk and to establish the clinical utility of Ala455Val substitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]