1. Characterisation of atherogenic effects of low carbohydrate : high protein diet (LCHP) in $apoE/LDLR^{-/-}$ mice
- Author
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Łukasz Mateuszuk, I. Czyżyńska, C. Johann, Malgorzata Baranska, Iwona Wybrańska, A. Drahun, Mariusz Gajda, Agnieszka Jasztal, Tomasz P. Wrobel, Petr Nachtigal, Edyta Maślak, K. Jezkova, Stefan Chlopicki, Renata B. Kostogrys, and Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów
- Subjects
Apolipoprotein E ,Male ,Very low-density lipoprotein ,cell infiltration ,Cholesterol, VLDL ,High-protein diet ,Mice ,High-density lipoprotein ,aspartate aminotransferase ,orosomucoid ,creatinine clearance ,Urea ,pentraxin 2 ,ApoE/LDLR/mice ,Mus ,polyunsaturated fatty acid ,very low density lipoprotein cholesterol ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,priority journal ,Dietary Proteins ,Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ,brachiocephalic trunk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,pentraxin ,phenotype ,liver weight ,Apolipoproteins E ,urea blood level ,acute phase response ,development of unstable lesions ,Acute-Phase Reaction ,protein expression ,long term care ,Cholesterol ,Macrophages ,animal model ,cholesterol ,Survival Analysis ,mortality ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 ,Immunology ,Diet, Atherogenic ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,upregulation ,cholesterol blood level ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,atherosclerotic plaque ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ,protein diet ,BCA ,monounsaturated fatty acid ,rat ,Aorta ,Brachiocephalic Trunk ,apolipoprotein E ,Mice, Knockout ,alpha 2 macroglobulin ,kidney mass ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,C reactive protein ,LCHP diet ,article ,atherogenesis ,biological marker ,low density lipoprotein receptor ,protein content ,haptoglobin ,unclassified drug ,enzyme activity ,very low density lipoprotein ,female ,Liver ,Low-density lipoprotein ,carbohydrate diet ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,triacylglycerol ,alanine aminotransferase ,animal experiment ,urea ,lipid composition ,male ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,controlled study ,Triglycerides ,Inflammation ,nonhuman ,business.industry ,aorta root ,lactate dehydrogenase ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Atherosclerosis ,Receptors, LDL ,inflammation ,protein blood level ,LDL receptor ,business ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Introduction: Low Carbohydrate High Protein diet represents a popular strategy to achieve weight loss. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize effects of low carbohydrate, high protein diet (LCHP) on atherosclerotic plaque development in brachiocephalic artery (BCA) in $apoE/LDLR^{-/-}$ mice and to elucidate mechanisms of proatherogenic effects of LCHP diet. Materials and Methods: Atherosclerosis plaques in brachiocephalic artery (BCA) as well as in aortic roots, lipoprotein profile, inflammation biomarkers, expression of SREBP-1 in the liver as well as mortality were analyzed in Control diet (AIN-93G) or LCHP (Low Carbohydrate High Protein) diet fed mice. Results: Area of atherosclerotic plaques in aortic roots or BCA from LCHP diet fed mice was substantially increased as compared to mice fed control diet and was characterized by increased lipids and cholesterol contents (ORO staining, FT-IR analysis), increased macrophage infiltration (MOMA-2) and activity of MMPs (zymography). Pro-atherogenic phenotype of LCHP fed $apoE/LDLR^{-/-}$ mice was associated with increased plasma total cholesterol concentration, and in LDL and VLDL fractions, increased TG contents in VLDL, and a modest increase in plasma urea. LCHP diet increased SCD-1 index, activated SREBP-1 transcription factor in the liver and triggered acute phase response as evidence by an increased plasma concentration of haptoglobin, CRP or AGP. Finally, in long-term experiment survival of $apoE/LDLR^{-/-}$ mice fed LCHP diet was substantially reduced as compared to their counterparts fed control diet suggesting overall detrimental effects of LCHP diet on health. Conclusions: The pro-atherogenic effect of LCHP diet in $apoE/LDLR^{-/-}$ mice is associated with profound increase in LDL and VLDL cholesterol, VLDL triglicerides, liver SREBP-1 upregulation, and systemic inflammation.
- Published
- 2015