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An adaptive fractional fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFFSMC) based power system stabilizer (PSS) is proposed for damping out low‐frequency oscillations in single machine infinite bus and multimachine power systems under various operational contingencies. The proposed stabilizer is a combination of adaptive fuzzy control with a fractional order proportional integral derivative controller and sliding mode controller. A fractional sliding surface is adopted which enables the system to remain in the proposed robust sliding surface stably to eliminate the effects of chattering at any initial conditions. In addition, fractional adaptive rules based on fuzzy sets were used for optimal selection of parameters of the controller. Here, the stability issue is addressed through Lyapunov synthesis. Speed deviation and acceleration are considered as input signals to the proposed controller. A comparative analysis of performance indices such as settling time, maximum peak overshoot is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach. In addition, stability analysis using Eigen value, integral time absolute error and shape of demerit were also presented to augment the stability study. The simulation results confirm that the proposed AFFSMC‐PSS shows superior robust damping performance as compared to other approaches.

A novel switching pulse generation methodology based on adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controlled hybrid shunt active power filter (A-F-HCC-HSAPF) is presented in this paper for compensating reactive power and harmonics in distribution network. The harmonic problems are mainly evolved because of extensive use of nonlinear loads in industry and domestic sectors. There are some adverse effects of harmonics such as: malfunctioning of sensitive equipment, resonance issues, conductors heating, power losses and reduced efficiency in distribution system. To mitigate harmonics issues passive, filters are used but when the harmonic component increases the design of passive filters is complex and becomes bulky. With the advancement in power electronic, the active power filter has been designed. Generally, the rating of the active filter is very high for some applications; hence hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) is proposed by low-rated shunt active power filter (SAPF) and low-cost shunt passive filter. Proportional-integral or fuzzy logic controller is used to estimate the reference current and to regulate the dc capacitor voltage. To generate the switching pulse for the voltage source inverter of the SAPF, a novel adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controller (A-F-HCC) is adopted. The performance of the proposed A-F-HCC-HSAPF is investigated during steady-state and transient conditions using MATLAB/Simulink and real-time environments.

Cyber-physical attacks and parameter uncertainties are becoming a compelling issue on load frequency control, directly affecting the resilience (i.e., reliability plus security) of the microgrid and multi-microgrid systems enabled by internet of things and the fifth generation communication system. A resilient system aims to endure and quickly restore a system’s transients during extreme events. Therefore, it is critically important to have a resilient system to evade the total system failure or blackout in order to make them attack-resilient. With this objective, this paper presents a resilience-based frequency regulation scheme in a microgrid under different operating conditions, such as, step and random change in load and different wind speed patterns. Furthermore, a cyber-attack model is considered in the problem formulation to make the system robust against external attacks. To protect against the cyber-attack and parameter uncertainties in the system, different control schemes are employed, and their robustness characteristics are compared through various performance indices. Besides, the proposed control schemes are validated through a real-time software synchronisation environment, i.e., OPAL-RT. As noted, the proposed type-2 fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative based controller provides the most significant improvement in the dynamic performance for frequency regulation compared to that of the others under the cyber-attack and uncertainties.

This paper presents a Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter (HSAPF) optimized by hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization (PSO-GWO) and Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (FOPIDC) for reactive power and harmonic compensation under balance and unbalance loading conditions. Here, the parameters of FOPID controller are tuned by PSO-GWO technique to mitigate the harmonics. Comparing Passive with Active Filters, the former is tested to be bulky and design is complex and the later is not cost effective for high rating. Hence, a hybrid structure of shunt active and passive filter is designed using MATLAB/Simulink and in real time experimental set up. The compensation process for shunt active filter is different from predictable methods such as (p-q) or (id-iq) theory, in which only the source current is to be sensed. The performance of the proposed controller is tested under different operating conditions such as steady and transient states and indices like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Input Power Factor (IPF), Real Power (P) and Reactive Power (Q) are estimated and compared with that of other controllers. The parameters of FOPIDC and Conventional PID Controller (CPIDC) are optimized by the techniques such as PSO, GWO and hybrid PSO-GWO. The comparative simulation/experiment results reflect the better performance of PSO-GWO optimized FOPIDC based HSAPF with respect to PSO/GWO optimized FOPIDC/CPIDC based HSAPF under different operating conditions.

This article focuses on the implementation of a hybrid firefly algorithm-particle swarm optimization (FAPSO) scheme for optimizing the parameters of an interval type-2 fractional order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (IT2FOFPID)-based power system stabilizer (PSS) to minimize the low-frequency oscillations in a power system. Here, the IT2FOFPID-based PSS is designed by considering speed deviation and acceleration as input signals. In this article, a single machine infinite bus system and the New England 10 machine 39-bus power system are used for testing and comparing the approaches. Stability studies are also performed using OPAL-RT's OP5600, a real-time digital simulator. The comparative studies demonstrate that the hybrid FAPSO optimized IT2FOFPID-PSS provides better damping and stability performance when compared with the PSSs based on the FA/PSO/ hybrid genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging optimization and hybrid differential evolution and pattern search optimized IT2FOFPID approaches under various operating scenarios.

Stability of a standalone hybrid power system (HPS) in a smart grid is always a challenging task. Further, the operational stability of the power system depends on the associated communication infrastructure. Therefore, it is always crucial to pick up a controller that can assure system's stability along with performance, despite disturbances like (load and input wind variations) with communication delays. Present study focuses on reactive power management and voltage stability issues of an isolated HPS. The stability aspects of HPS are improved through reactive power compensation, by custom power devices like static var compensator. The control aspects of SVC as well as the whole hybrid system are taken care by H∞ linear matrix inequalities approach. Further, H-infinity control, Lyapunov stability along with linear matrix inequalities techniques estimate the delay boundary of controllers. The iterative performance of the proportional–integral–derivative controllers, and robust H∞ damping controller of the HPS, are designed through LMI approach. Later experimental study of the HPS is done, with a prototype model in dSPACE real-time control environment. In this case, dSPACE 1104 is added for data acquisition and control. Adaptability and robustness of the proposed controllers are verified under fluctuating loads and uncertain wind power input.

In this paper, a three-phase series hybrid active filter (SEHAF) interconnected with photovoltaic (PV) system and dc–dc boost converter is proposed to minimize sag, swell, and harmonics caused due to nonlinear power electronic loads. The SEHAF consists of a voltage source inverter (VSI) with a capacitor connected across it to provide consistency in managing and compensating the reactive power. This minimizes the sag, swell, and harmonics present in the source and load voltages. With the integration of PV, the voltage across the dc-link capacitor of VSI is controlled effectively, which helps in better compensation. Reference current generation is done using the proposed robust extended complex Kalman filter (RECKF) technique. The performance of the PV-integrated-HAF is analyzed using a synchronous reference frame with proportional-integral (PI) as well as fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and is compared with the proposed RECKF technique. The PV-integrated hybrid power system is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Further, real-time digital simulation using OPAL-RT OP5142 is also carried out to support the simulation results. It is observed that the proposed control scheme provides better harmonic compensation compared to conventional PI and FLC.

This article proposes an adaptive neuro-fuzzy sliding mode control based power system stabilizer (ANFSMC-PSS) with an aim to minimize low frequency oscillations (LFOs) arising due to disturbances in the power system. The proposed ANFSMC-PSS is a combination of sliding mode control (SMC) and neuro fuzzy system (NFS) to enhance stability of power system. Here, stability is assured through Lyapunov criterion. The proposed ASMT2NF-PSS considers both local signal (speed deviation) and remote signal (accelerating power) provided by PMUs as input signals and its efficacy is investigated in both single machine infinite bus (SMIB) and multimachine power system (MMPS) under various disturbance conditions. The simulation results clearly shows that the proposed ANFSMC-PSS gives superior oscillation damping performance as compared to that of fuzzy sliding mode control based PSS (FSMC-PSS), sliding mode control based PSS (FSMC-PSS) and conventional lead-lag based PSS (CPSS) under different disturbance conditions.

In this paper, the simulation results of static var compensator (SVC) for improvement of transient stability in a photo voltaic (PV) system integrated power system are presented. A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller was also incorporated with SVC for contributing necessary damping in case of various disturbance conditions. Here, the dynamic stability of the PV based power system was studied in single machine infinite bus (SMIB) and power system. SVC is integrated with the above PV based power system for damping low frequency oscillations produced due to disturbances in the power system. Further a novel soft computing based approach called quasi-oppositional differential search algorithm (QODSA) was for designing an optimal SVC-PID based damping controller. Initially DSA was applied for optimizing the gains of the controller and finally quasi oppositional learning was incorporated to DSA for obtaining the optimal parameters of SVC-PID controller and also for enhancing the convergence speed. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was also tested with particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Transient stability analysis for conventional PID controller, PSO based PID controller, DSA based PID controller and QDSA based PID controller was done analytically as well as quantitatively. It can be observed from the simulation results that the proposed QDSA based PID controller outperforms over other techniques in improving power system stability and also damping low frequency oscillations.

In industrial and utility power system it has been observed that harmonics build a major role in reducing the quality of power. These harmonics are caused because of increasingly utilize of nonlinear loads connected to the power system. In this context, active power filters play a very significant role for improvement in power quality. Moreover, at transmission ground, there is a high requirement to control reactive power and voltage stability. Conventionally, passive and active filters (shunt and series filters) were used for the development of power quality. But, they suffered from the issues like resonance, fixed compensation, and other PQ problems. Therefore, to minimize these issues, a hybrid combination of filters using passive and active filters is designed. In this paper, a comparative study of two hybrid model of HAPF is done based on current control techniques like d-q and p-q theory under different operating conditions. These results are again compared with a new estimation technique proposed in this paper well known called as recursive least square (RLS) harmonic estimation technique. The amplitude and phase angle of both the fundamental and harmonic currents are estimated with the proposed RLS technique. At the point of common coupling (PCC) the signal which is composed with harmonics is estimated with and without HAPF. Finally, it is analysed from the observation that the load current and supply current is improved significantly with a decrease of total harmonic distortion (THD) under different operating scenarios.

This paper presents a dynamic stability study in a solar energy based power system connected to infinite bus based on optimal design of a Static Var Compensator (SVC). In the proposed study, SVC is incorporated in order to improve the rotor angle and voltage oscillations because of different disturbances created in the power system. A new computational hybrid optimization approach using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search (GS) technique is considered for designing an optimal SVC damping controller for an improved dynamic performance. The optimization technique is used for tuning the gains of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. Transient oscillation results for conventional PID, PSO optimized PID and PSO-GS based PID are compared analytically as well as quantitatively. It is observed that the proposed PSO-GS based PID controller is robust and effective in minimizing the oscillations in the system as compared to the other two and thus improves the stability.

In this paper a robust fractional order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (FOFPID) based SVC is proposed for regulating the voltage profile of single machine infinite bus (SMIB) and multimachine power systems (MMPS). The proposed FOFPID controller produces the required control signal to minimize the low frequency oscillations during transient conditions. Further, in order to improve the controller performance, the gains of FOFPID controller are tuned using bat algorithm (BA), bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed technique improves the voltage profile and also minimizes settling time and peak overshoot during different operating conditions. Further, a comparative analysis of the proposed controllers is presented to augment the stability enhancement study. It has been observed from the qualitative as well as quantitative results that oscillations are being damped out quickly in case of the proposed BAFODPID-SVC as compared to BFO-FOFPID-SVC and PSOFOFPID-SVC controller in both SMIB and multimachine power system and thus improving the voltage profile under various operational contingencies.

The present paper implements a Shunt Hybrid Active Filter (SHAF) essential for reactive power suppression across the load and eradicates harmonics in developing the power quality (PQ) under variable source and load conditions in the distribution network. For better compensation features, SHAF employing the harmonic reduction performance of both passive filter and active filter is presented in this paper. In this work, an adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE) based Variable step size leaky least mean square (VSSLLMS) control approach is applied to examine the operation of SHAF in a three-phase system. This competent approach is needed for generating the gating pulses essential for IGBT inverter and increasing the performance compared to the conventional ADALINE-LMS controller. The proposed controller provides faster convergence and also provides better performance compared to conventional one. Simulation results show the significant improvement in ADALINE-VSSLLMS approach compared to ADALINE-LMS approach. The simulations of the proposed system under different load and source conditions are performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

This paper projects an isolated hybrid model of Offshore wind-diesel-tidal turbine and discusses the stability and reactive power management issue of the whole system. The hybrid system often loses its stability as it becomes prone to uncertain load and input parameters and therefore the necessity of Reactive power management becomes necessary. The overall stability of the hybrid offshore wind-diesel-tidal turbine is made possible by the management of reactive power in the hybrid system through the application of FACTS devices. And therefore the dynamic hybrid model of the DFIG and DDPMSG based offshore wind-diesel-tidal turbine is analysed for stability with different input parameters like wind and tidal energies. For detailed modelling and simulation, a small signal model of the whole hybrid system is designed and reactive power management of the system is achieved by the incorporation of a STATCOM controller. For improvement of stability and reactive power compensation of the hybrid system, GA and PSO optimised STATCOM controller is used.

This paper proposes a robust H-infinity STATCOM controller for compensating reactive power in stand-alone micro grid consisting of a PV–Wind–Diesel hybrid system. In order to carry out MATLAB based simulation, a small signal linear model of the stand-alone hybrid power system is considered, comprising of a photo voltaic cell, a DFIG based wind turbine and a diesel generator. Synchronous generator based DG acts as a backup for the hybrid system. Generally these standalone systems experience frequent variation of loads, wind power input and solar radiation, which affect the vital system parameters like reactive power, terminal voltage and frequency to a great extent. These variations of system parameters with variation of load inputs are studied and its impact on overall system stability and reactive power compensation is properly monitored. Furthermore the system performance is improved and the robustness of the controller is enhanced with the incorporation of GA and PSO.

This study presents a comparative study of transient stability and reactive power compensation issues in an autonomous wind–diesel-photovoltaic based hybrid system (HS) using robust fuzzy-sliding mode based unified power flow controller (UPFC). A linearised small-signal model of the different elements of the HS is considered for the transient stability analysis in the HS under varying loading conditions. An IEEE type 1 excitation system is considered for the synchronous generator in the HS, with negligible saturation characteristic, for detailed voltage stability analysis. It is noted from the simulation results that the performance of UPFC is superior to static VAR compensator and static synchronous compensator in improving the voltage profile of the HS. Further, fuzzy and fuzzy-sliding mode based UPFC controller is designed in order to improve the transient performance. Simulation results reflect the robustness of the proposed fuzzy-sliding mode controller for better reactive power management to improve the voltage stability in comparison with the conventional PI and fuzzy-PI controllers. In addition to this, system stability analysis is performed based on eigenvalue, bode and popov for supporting the robustness of the proposed controller.

This paper focuses on reactive power management as well as stability enhancement in a standalone hybrid power system (SHPS) with a proposed back stepping sliding mode controller based STATCOM. A comprehensive dynamic model of the standalone hybrid power system(SHPS) having a combination of wind turbine generator, diesel engine backup and storage device is represented with its control scheme. Detailed model of the DFIG based wind energy conversion system (WECS) has been proposed for the SHPS and is experimentally analyzed through dSPACE DS1104 for transient stability improvement with variable load dynamics. At the beginning a sliding mode controlling approach has been implemented for the non linear standalone power system and later a back stepping sliding mode controller (BSSMC) approach is initiated for both rotor and grid side converters. Further studies regarding voltage stability have been implemented with Eigen value, bode and nyquist analysis.

In the present scenario of power system network, active filter are being designed using advanced technology for compensating harmonics and reactive power for better quality of power supply. The present paper implements a Shunt Hybrid Active Filter (SHAF), necessary for reactive power compensation in the nonlinear load and suppresses harmonics for improving the power quality (PQ) in the distribution network. In this work, an adaptive linear neuron (Adaline) based variable step size leaky least mean square (VSSLLMS) control approach is applied for extracting harmonics. This competent approach is needed for generating the gating pulses essential for IGBT inverter and increasing the performance compared to the conventional Adaline-LMS controller. The proposed controller provides faster convergence and also provides better performance compared to conventional one. Simulation results show the significant improvement in Adaline-VSSLLMS approach compared to Adaline-LMS approach. The simulations of the proposed controller and system is done using MATLAB/ SIMULINK under different load conditions.

Interconnected power systems require more intelligent and flexible ways to balance and monitor a generation load. Power generated from single source is becoming less reliable and therefore, movement from single energy source to hybrid system has been preferred in recent time. Inclusion of renewable energy sources in automatic generation control (AGC) is a major concern on account of intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. In this work, we intend to study an AGC with diversified renewable energy sources (RES) integrated such as solar and wind in association with thermal reheat system. In the present work an AGC with hybrid thermal-solar and thermal-wind power generation system is simulated. The AGC is studied with traditional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and Fractional order PID (FOPID) controller. The gains of the FOPID controller are optimized by firefly algorithm (FA) algorithm. Further, the performances of all the controllers have been investigated and compared based on which it is suggested that FA optimized FOPID controller is showing much better performance amongst all other controllers. In addition to that, sensitivity analysis is performed using various loading and parameter variation to access the robustness of the proposed controllers. The study reveals that, the system performance is better using FA optimized FOPID controller with different solar radiation and different wind speed. Finally, to validate the proposed hybrid system the real time hardware in-the loop (HIL) emulation is carried out using Typhoon HIL 402.

Present research paper focuses reactive power management & voltage instability issues of a wind energy based dispersed power generating station. The iterative performances of PID controller as well as the robust H ∞ damping controller of the hybrid power system is designed through linear matrix inequalities (LMI) approach. The stability aspects of dispersed wind energy based HPS are considered for discussion where the issue of reactive power compensation is addressed by linear static var compensator (SVC) controller. The control aspects of SVC as well as the whole hybrid system are taken care by H ∞ linear matrix inequalities approach. The iterative LMI method has been implemented for tuning the gains of PID controller with H ∞ design by the help of iterative LMI. The wind-diesel hybrid system is also implemented experimentally where a proto type hardware model has been established by taking the help of dSPACE real time control environment. In this case dSPACE 1104 is added for data acquisition and control. Experimental results obtained during practical case analysis justify the simulation results of MATLAB. Adaptability and robustness of the proposed controllers are achieved under fluctuating loads and wind power uncertainty.

This paper presents an improvement in stability in a single machine connected to infinite bus power system by designing an optimal fractional order fuzzy PID based power system stabilizer (FOFPID-PSS). The low frequency oscillations resulting from load switching are damped out by the designed PSS under different operating conditions. In this paper, a bio-inspired algorithm called firefly algorithm (FA) has been employed for tuning the parameters of the proposed FOFPID-PSS controller. The robustness of the proposed controller is tested for enhancing the transient stability under different operating conditions like step and random variations in load demand. In addition to the graphical results, a comparative analysis of the proposed FOFPID-PSS controller with that of conventional PID-PSS and fuzzy PID-PSS (FPID-PSS) is also presented in terms of the performance indices (PIs) like maximum overshoot, settling time and integral squared error (ISE). The results suggest that the proposed FOFPID-PSS outperforms the FPID-PSS and PID-PSS controllers.

This paper presents a Hybrid Active Filter (HAF) used in the distribution network and is required for compensating reactive power in the load end and mitigate harmonics for the improvement of power quality. The compensation process used in this paper reduces number of sensors and also reduces the complication and depends on source current extraction. Initially for extraction of reference currents from harmonics surrounded line current, the Proportional-Integral (PI) or Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is used, which controls the dc-link voltage of the inverter. The HAPF is designed with the use of Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In this paper, an innovative approach called robust extended Kalman filter (RECKF) is implemented for reference current estimation/calculation using model predictive current (MPC). This RECKF-MPC essentially requires less number of voltage sensors and also overcome the problems associated with PI controllers like gain tuning. The new RECKF with MPC is compared with conventional PI and FLC and observed to be providing better performance to improve the power quality.

This paper presents frequency control in a hybrid two-area power system which is a combination of conventional and renewable energy resources (RES). Area-I consists of thermal with solar, while area-II contains thermal integrated with wind energy. As RES are intermittent in nature, load frequency control (LFC) is a challenging issue in hybrid power system where thermal power stabilizes the power management to maintain the system frequency. This paper proposes differential evolution (DE) optimized proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to achieve frequency control in the hybrid power system. The frequency control study is performed in different configurations of power system simulated using LabVIEW software. The efficacy of the proposed controller is also investigated using the performance indices such as deviation in frequency, integral time absolute error (ITAE), peak over/under shoots and settling time. Based on the on the simulation study, it is observed that DE optimized PID controller perform better in comparison to that of the conventional PI, PID controllers.

This paper presents an extensive review on the application of artificial intelligence based techniques for stability assessment in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. As the power system is highly complex and nonlinear therefore it is not possible to predict its behavior at every point of time. Modern power systems are operated close to their stability limits. Stability issues mainly related to low frequency oscillations (0.2–3) Hz. are important in every power system which may lead to consequent blackouts and outages in the power system. These problems are generally related to the compensation of reactive power in the power system. Therefore modern power systems are equipped with power electronically controlled devices called flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). These FACTS devices operate efficiently if their parameters are optimally tuned. So this paper focuses on the survey of various artificial intelligence based techniques applied for the optimal tuning of various controller gains in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system.

Nowadays, power quality is one of the sensitive issues considered in power system. In order to develop this superiority of power, the disturbances present in the signal have to be eliminated. This disturbance is nothing but the harmonics which was traditionally filtered out by the use of passive filter, and later on it claims superiority by use of active power filter due to certain problems raised in passive filters like resonance and fixed compensation. Particularly, the hybrid active power filter is used to eliminate the harmonics present in the fundamental signal and also compensates reactive power. In this paper, methods like instantaneous power theory (p-q) and synchronous reference frame theory (id-iq) are used to calculate the compensating current. Both the above methods are simulated with help of PI and fuzzy controller for different voltage conditions. The obtained results show the active behavior of fuzzy logic controllers over PI controllers.

This paper investigates the application of fractional order PID (FOPID) controller to study and analyze transient stability in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. For enhancement of transient stability and damping of low-frequency oscillations in a SMIB system, a shunt FACTS controller called static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) has been incorporated. In this paper, emphasis was given to the function of FOPID-based STATCOM controller for stability analysis in a SMIB system. A new heuristic optimization technique called dolphin echolocation (DE) was proposed for selecting optimal stabilizer parameters. A comparison based on nonlinear simulations was done between conventional PID controller and FOPID controller with small change in load and system parameters. Simulation results clearly signify the superiority of the proposed DE-based optimization technique.

This paper presents design of power system stabilizer (PSS) based on conventional fuzzy-PID and type-1 fuzzy controller for stability improvements in single as well as multimachine power system connected to infinite bus under different loading conditions. Again, fuzzy and integral sliding mode controllers (FSMC and I-SMC) are being incorporated with PSS into the power system to improve the stability performance. But, the presence of chattering in this controller may lead to low frequency oscillations of smaller magnitudes that can sustain to disturb the power transfer capability and the stability of the system. Therefore, to enhance the performance and efficiency of the power system, a novel adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller with a robust sliding surface is designed to overcome the possible chattering due to system uncertainties and dynamics. In the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC), the stability is ensured through Lyapunov analysis and synthesis test. In addition to the graphical simulation analysis, a quantitative stability approach and real-time test using OPAL-RT OP5600 is also carried out in order to augment the stability study. Further, stability test using eigen modes, root locus and Bode plots are presented to assess the stability performance of the proposed controller. Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis ensures better and robust performance of proposed controllers in comparison to the conventional fuzzy-PID and type-1 fuzzy controller.

This paper contributes an innovative gating signal generation technique based on fuzzy sliding mode pulse width modulation (FSMPWM) with a Series Hybrid Active Power Filter (SEHAPF) for reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD). Hybrid filters are used for compensating reactive power on the load side and mitigate harmonics for the growth of power quality under variable source and load conditions in the utility system. The objective of the paper is to eradicate the various power quality (PQ) problems with development in power factor and reducing distortion in transmission and distribution line due to harmonics. With the implementation of FSMPWM of the proposed filter, the gating pulses are generated by implementing a Mamdani fuzzy rule with sliding surfaces. For producing a fixed pulse the presented method reduces the chattering reaction by controlling the narrow boundary coating on the sliding surface. The results of the projected technique are analyzed and compared with the traditional hysteresis band current controller (HCC). The overall proficiency and results are examined with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

This paper gives a novel idea of application of ANN based SVC controller for Reactive Power compensation in an isolated hybrid system and also discusses the improvement of stability in the hybrid system. For detailed analysis a small signal linear model of the hybrid wind- Diesel- tidal model is considered with different loading conditions. The reactive power compensation and stability analysis have been thoroughly analysed by a SVC Controller. A feed forward neural network with back propagation technique is designed to tune the parameters of SVC controller. Simulation result shows that the system parameters attend steady state value with lesser time and complexities.

This paper gives a novel idea of application of ANN based UPFC controller for Reactive Power compensation in a standalone hybrid power system and thereby enhances the stability of the system .For the Isolated WECS a linear small signal transfer function model of the hybrid wind Diesel model is considered with different loading conditions. The reactive power compensation and stability analysis have been carried out with UPFC Controller with an IEEE exciter I. A feed forward neural network with back propagation technique is designed to tune the parameters of UPFC controller. From the matlab Simulation it is clear that the system parameters attend steady state value with lesser time and complexities.

This paper gives a novel idea of application of fuzzy based UPFC controller for Reactive Power compensation in an isolated hybrid system and also discusses the improvement of stability in the hybrid system. For detailed analysis a small signal linear model of the hybrid wind- Diesel- tidal model is considered with different loading conditions. The reactive power compensation and stability analysis have been thoroughly analysed by a UPFC Controller. A fuzzy logic controller is designed to tune the parameters of UPFC controller. Simulation result shows that the system parameters attend steady state value with lesser time and complexities.

This paper gives a novel idea of application of ANN based SVC controller for voltage stability improvement in an isolated wind-diesel-micro hydro hybrid system. For detailed analysis a small signal linear model of the hybrid wind- Diesel-micro hydro model is considered with different loading conditions. The voltage stability analysis has been thoroughly analysed by a SVC Controller and is further improved by a feed forward neural network with back propagation technique which is designed to tune the parameters of SVC controller. Detailed stability analysis has been done with different criterias like bode, nyquist and eigen value synthesis. Simulation result justifies the working of the isolated systems performance which shows that the system parameters attend steady state value with lesser time and complexities.

This paper introduces the study of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in multi area power system network by the help of Integral Double Derivative with Filter (IDDF) controller. The main aim of LFC is to reduce the steady state error to zero in each area. In this proposed system three equal area interconnected power system is simulated and compared with three different controllers such as: PI, PID and IDDF controller. A maiden attempt has been done using IDDF controller. Here IDDF controller is proposed for improving the system response and oscillation. The result shows the performance of AGC using reheat-turbine and Generation rate Constraints (GRC). The LFC model is designed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

In this paper, artificial intelligent approaches like Bacteria Foraging Optimization (BFO) and Bat Algorithm (BA) have been used for optimizing gains of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller that is being incorporated with Static Var Compensator (SVC) in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. The proposed techniques optimize the parameters of PID controller to ensure improvements in system stability. The performance and robustness of SVC controller is tested under different controllers like conventional PID, BA-PID and BFO-PID under varying operating conditions. It is observed graphically as well as quantitatively that BA-PID controller outperforms over BFO-PID controller under different operating conditions.

In case of an interconnected power system; the real transfer of power from one area to another might take inadvertent routes depending on impedances of transmission lines connecting the regions. TCSC is a series compensating device, which improves the transfer of power level between sending end to receiving end and monitors the system. Tuning of the optimal value of TCSC parameter has been done for better stability. Different control techniques and designs have been proposed in an optimization problem to tune the TCSC. Detailed study of remote input signal corresponding to speed deviation is employed by using Firefly algorithm and Differential evolution (DE) optimization. This study describes the performance of TCSC controller with proper selection of the objective function for getting optimum value of controller parameter. Simulation results of the proposed model shows that TCSC shows outstanding performance in damping out power system oscillation under different loading and perturbation.

This paper presents Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and BAT Algorithm (BA) optimized robust Two-Degree-of-Freedom Fractional Order PID (2-DOF-FOPID) based Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) controller for study of power system stability in a single machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) system. The design of the 2DOF-FOPID based STATCOM controller was transformed into an optimization problem based on performance indices like Integral Squared Error (ISE). The proposed 2DOF-FOPID controller gains are optimized by swarm intelligence based algorithms like PSO and BA for improvement in power system stability. The robustness of the controller was verified under different loading operating conditions in a SMIB system. Further, a graphical and analytical comparison has been presented using the conventional PID, FOPID, 2-DOF-PID and 2-DOF-FOPID controllers. Investigations clearly signify that BAT algorithm optimized 2-DOF-FOPID controller outperforms other ones in terms of Integral Squared Error (ISE), peak overshoot and settling time under different operating scenarios.

This article discusses the design and analysis of two area interconnected hybrid power system with different controllers in LabVIEW environment. In this model time delay, Generation rate constraints (GRC) and reheat turbine are included to add non-linearity to the system dynamics. In this case CSP (Concentrating Solar Plant) has been added to the system and the system is simulated with and without CSP and the results are found out with three different controllers such as I/PI/PID controller. The inclusion of Generation rate Constraint (GRC) adds non linearity which becomes a challenging task for the system controller. The difficulty is overcome with the addition of controller with step and random load variation. Finally sensitivity analysis is carried out with varying parameter and different loading conditions. During observation, the system response improves using PID controller.

In this article, a fuzzy adaptive proportional integral derivative based power system stabilizer (FAPID-PSS) was presented in order to damp interarea oscillations in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB system). Optimal tuning of gains of FAPID-PSS controller is considered as optimization problem. Change in speed is considered as the input and correcting voltage signal is considered as output of the proposed controller. A hybrid firefly-particle swarm optimization (FF-PSO) technique is implemented in order to improve power system stability. The problem of FAPID-PSS controller design is transformed into an optimization problem based on integral squared error. Further FF-PSO based optimization technique has been implemented for tuning of optimal gains of the proposed FAPID-PSS based controller. In order to test the robustness and performance of the proposed controller, it has been tested under various disturbances and operating conditions. Further, a comparison has been made between PSO optimized FAPID controller and FA-PSO optimized FAPID controller in a SMIB system. Effectiveness of the proposed controller was analyzed graphically as well as analytically that the proposed FFPSO tuned FAPID-PSS controller performs better than conventional controllers.

This paper introduces the study of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in multi area power system network with Tilt-Integral with Derivative Filter (TIDF) controller. The main aim of LFC is to reduce the steady state error to zero in each area. In this proposed system three equal area interconnected power system is simulated and analyzed with three different controllers such as: PI, PID and TIDF controller. A maiden attempt has been done using TIDF controller in order to improve the system response and oscillation. The result shows the performance of AGC using reheat-turbine and Generation rate Constraints (GRC). The LFC model is designed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

Improvement of power quality (PQ) has became an essential aspect in current situation of power system. Conventionally power quality improvement was done through passive filters, shunt filter and series filter but they suffer from problems like resonance, fixed compensation and other PQ problems. Therefore in order to eradicate these issues some hybrid combination of filters including passive and active power filter (APF) are used. This paper proposes an analysis and comparative study of two different schemes of hybrid active power filter (HAPF). HAPF is configured with the arrangement of series, passive and shunt filter. One arrangement is modeled with shunt passive filter linked in series with shunt active filter and the other is designed with series active filter and shunt passive filter. For both the schemes of hybrid filter, different control strategy and power circuit design are considered. Finally for individual configuration the control and compensation design is proved by simulation.

In the present work, the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm optimized Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller is proposed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of multi area multi source power system with parallel AC-DC link. The non-linearity such as time delay is included in the system model. The gains of the PID and FOPID controllers are optimized using an ITAE objective function. The superiority of FOPID controller over PID and Optimal controller is demonstrated by comparing dynamic performance of the same interconnected power system. Then sensitivity analysis is performed by changing the system parameters and loading condition from their nominal values. Finally proposed system is investigated under randomly varying load disturbances.

This paper presents a novel methodology for compensating reactive power in a microgrid, having a DFIG based wind–diesel system, to enhance the voltage stability of the hybrid system. UPFC as a FACTS device is proposed in order to improve the control of reactive power mismatch and the stability of the system. A small signal model of the wind–diesel system, DFIG based wind turbine system, UPFC and the controllers are designed for the stability analysis. Further, the voltage variation and reactive power compensation is analysed with the incorporation of proposed ANFIS based UPFC controller. Simulations are performed in MATLAB environment for transient stability analysis in a wind–diesel based microgrid with different wind power input and 2% step increase in load demand. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach and its impact upon transient behaviour of the microgrid.

This paper presents frequency regulation in a microgrid consisting of wind, photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and diesel engine generator (DEG) along with the energy storage system such as flywheel energy storage (FES) and battery energy storage (BES). In this study, firefly and particle swarm (FF–PSO) based hybrid optimization technique is proposed to tune parameters the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller to minimize the frequency deviation in microgrid system under different operating conditions such as variation in wind speed, and load demand. Further, a comparative analysis for tuning of the PID controller is performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO), and firefly algorithms (FFA) to minimize the deviation in frequency. The power management as well as frequency control in microgrid is studied with the help of the performance indices; integral absolute errors (IAE), peak overshoots, settling times and standard deviation (SD). In addition, the effect of communication delay with higher non-linearity is tested to assess the performance of the controllers. Further, the frequency control is validated in real-time digital simulation environment using OPAL-RT. The qualitative, quantitative and real-time analysis reflects the improvements in frequency deviation in microgrid using the proposed hybrid FF–PSO optimized PID as comparison to the PSO/FF optimized PID controllers.

This paper suggests a non linear fuzzy sliding mode UPFC controller to enhance reactive power and transient stability of isolated wind-diesel-fuel cell hybrid power system (HPS). Fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) gives an improvised response to the controller by interchanging the sliding surface adjacent to the error trajectory and in this way avoids the state errors for hitting the sliding surface. The modified controller improves the system performance enhances the system working performance despite variations of different parameters like wind, fuel power inputs and load variations. To validate the worthiness of the said controller the system has been simulated just after the transient disturbances and at different operating points. Results with conventional controller have been compared with Fuzzy sliding mode controller and results relating to voltage stabilization, damping of power oscillation and transient stability are collected.

This paper presents a robust power system stabilizer (PSS) based PID controller for study of stability in a single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) power system. The PID controller gains are optimized by bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for improvement of system stability in SMIB system. The robustness of the controller was tested under different operating conditions and their performances are being compared with the conventional PSS-PID controller. In addition, their effectiveness are also investigated through the performance indices like Integral Squared Error (ISE), peak overshoot and settling time. Further, stability of the power system is evaluated by bode plot and mean squared error curve of the proposed optimization techniques. It is observed from the simulated results that PSO based PSS-PID controller provide better performance and stability as compared to BFO optimized PSS-PID and conventional PSS-PID controllers under different operating scenarios.

In this paper, an adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) terminal sliding (TS) mode) controller is suggested for improving the reactive power and overall stability. This ANFIS control system consists of an ANFIS controller and a TS controller which is designed to do as a main controller and the TS controller is designed to cope with disturbances and uncertainties. Small signal model of the hybrid power system with UPFC controller has been modeled and state space equations of the system matrix is formulated for complete analysis. Performance of PI controller based UPFC has been analyzed in stability analysis and it is further improved with an ANFIS based sliding mode controller. Variations of different parameters of the hybrid system are noticed for different wind power inputs and load variations. Results with conventional controller have been compared with ANFIS based sliding mode controller. From the simulation results, the system performance is observed and vital information regarding voltage stability, damping of power oscillations and transient stability are collected.

The objective of the paper is to study the reactive power regulation and stability study of an isolated wind-fuel cell hybrid power system. A Fuzzy sliding mode-based STATCOM controller has been considered for compensating reactive energy in a wind-diesel-fuel cell-based remote hybrid power system. For detailed analysis and simulation, a transfer function small signal model of the hybrid power system has been considered. A double-fed induction generator-based wind turbine and fuel cell are the main constituents of hybrid system with a diesel generator as backup. The system performance is studied with a random variation of loads and wind power input. Further the system performance is improved and analyzed with the incorporation of Fuzzy sliding mode-based STATCOM controller.