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Asthma frequently occurs in association with allergic rhinitis and a combined management approach has been suggested. The Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) is the first questionnaire to assess control of both diseases concurrently. However, to have an impact on healthcare it needs to be disseminated and adopted. In this paper we discuss the dissemination of CARAT in different countries and its possible applications in primary care. At present, the adaptation of CARAT for use in different languages and cultures is being led by volunteer researchers and clinicians in 15 countries. Website and smartphone applications have been developed, and a free open model of distribution was adopted to contribute to the dissemination of CARAT. Examples of dissemination activities include distribution of leaflets and posters, educational sessions on the use of the questionnaire in the follow-up of patients, development of clinical studies, collaborations with professional organisations and health authorities, and the inclusion of CARAT in clinical guidelines. The adoption of innovations is an important challenge in healthcare today, and research on the degree of success of dissemination strategies using suitable methods and metrics is much needed. We propose that CARAT can be used in a range of settings and circumstances in primary care for clinical, research and audit purposes, within the overall aim of increasing awareness of the level of disease control and strengthening the partnership between patients and doctors in the management of asthma and rhinitis., No specific funding was received for writing this paper. The CARAT project has received unrestricted grants from Sociedade Portuguese de Alergologia e Imunologia Clinica, Merck Sharp Dohme Portugal and Associacao Portuguese de Asmaticos e Alergicos.

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Apart form the well-known odour emission from the kraft pulp industry, new malodours have recently been experienced in paper mills, too. Emissions of this kind affect not only the oparators and the immediate environment, but also the users of the tissue, paperboard and paper products concerned. The sense of smell is frequently a decisive factor in successful sales activities. More often than not, people unconsciously decide to buy a special product. After outlining the mechanisms causing odour problems, the paper roughly classifies these mechanisms according to physicochemical and microbiological conversion processes of substances. According to the state of the art in this field, the problem areas have merely shifted: today, highly closed whitewater circuits or the use of no-chlorine pulps often lead to customer complaints about poor product quality in terms of off-flavours. An example is given to illustrate how cost savings may be realized by process and final measurements in spite of reasonable safety margins. Fundamental analytics in terms of head space gas chromatography as is being applied in flavour research are a useful tool in the prevention of customer complaints. Modern tissue, paperboard and paper manufacturers may keep certain malodours away from our noses by insuring hygienic conditions in their mills, selecting the right raw materials and additives and launching suitable control strategies whenever required.

Nach wie vor stellt die Leimdosierung wäßriger Leime an Sackbodenlegern für die Papiersackherstellung ein nicht befriedigend gelöstes technisches Problem dar. Die verbreitete manuelle Regelung der Leimdosierung durch den Maschinenführer resultiert oft in einer Überleimung der Sackböden mit negativen Folgen für die Festigkeit und die mikrobielle Stabilität der Säcke, bedingt durch den hohen Wassereintrag. Eine automatisch geregelte Dosierung des Leimauftrags setzt aber die Verfügbarkeit geeigneter, d. h. leistungsfähiger und preisgünstiger Sensortechnik voraus. Eines der Meßprinzipien, die für die Leimauftragsmessung wäßriger Leime in Frage kommen, ist die Mikrowellenabsorptionsmessung. Bereits verfügbare industrielle Mikrowellensensoren sind für den Einsatz am Sackbodenleger, bei dem eventuell bis zu 16 Meßstellen bestückt werden müssen, jedoch zu teuer. Seit einigen Jahren werden billige Mikrowellensender und -empfänger für Massenprodukte angeboten. Unter Verwendung dieser Komponenten könnte ein Leimauftragssensor zu sehr günstigen Kosten gebaut werden. Es wurde daher die Eignung dieser Mikrowellenkomponenten für die Leimauftragsmessung untersucht und ein Sensor-Prototyp für die Online-Messung des Leimauftrags am Sackbodenleger gebaut.