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Background: Exercise and CPAP improve OSA. This study examined the effects of exercise in patients with heart failure (HF) and OSA., Methods: Patients with HF and OSA were randomized to the following study groups: control, exercise, CPAP, and exercise + CPAP., Results: Sixty-five participants completed the protocol. Comparing baseline vs 3 months, the mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) did not change significantly (in events per hour) in the control group, decreased moderately in the exercise group (28 ± 17 to 18 ± 12; P < .03), and decreased significantly more in the CPAP group (32 ± 25 to 8 ± 11; P < .007) and in the exercise + CPAP group (25 ± 15 to 10 ± 16; P < .007). Peak oxygen consumption, muscle strength, and endurance improved only with exercise. Both exercise and CPAP improved subjective excessive daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and the New York Heart Association functional class. However, compared with the control group, changes in scores on the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire were only significant in the exercise groups., Conclusions: In patients with HF and OSA, our preliminary results showed that exercise alone attenuated OSA and improved quality of life more than CPAP. In the landscape treatment of OSA in patients with HF, this analysis is the only randomized trial showing any treatment (in this case, exercise) that improved all the studied parameters. The results highlight the important therapeutic benefits of exercise, particularly because adherence to CPAP is low., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and worsening atherosclerosis. This study investigated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and total LDL cholesterol (direct LDL-C), as a marker of the lipid profile among individuals with OSA, and its association with hypertension (HYP) and dyslipidemia (DYS). The impact of one year of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was also assessed., Methods: Blood was collected after 12 h of fasting from 99 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography, and were also diagnosed with both HYP and DYS via clinical and laboratory studies. The patients were classified into the following three groups: GI [OSA with comorbidities (HYP or DYS)], GII [OSA without comorbidities], and GIII [control]. Thirty-five patients with an apnea/hypopnea index >20 per hour of sleep were randomized to groups that received either Sham-CPAP or CPAP treatments over 12 months., Results: In a binary regression controlled for sex, age, body mass index, and glycemia, model 1 which analyzed direct LDL-C, demonstrated significant levels of risk in the setting of DYS but not in the settings of HYP and OSA. In model 2, which analyzed oxLDL, DYS (p = 0.01), HYP (p = 0.032), and OSA (p = 0.039) were statistically significant. Significant alterations were observed in only the sleep parameters following one year of CPAP., Conclusions: Based on the statistical regression model, only the presence of DYS (p = 0.001) was associated with the levels of direct LDL-C. The remaining comorbidities (OSA and HYP) were not significantly related to the levels of direct LDL-C. Regarding oxLDL, OSA, HYP and DYS each added significant score values to the levels of oxLDL. These findings are suggestive of the importance of assessing oxLDL among patients presenting with OSA, both with and without comorbidities., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on blood pressure (BP), oxidative stress, and heart rate variability (HRV) in a randomized, crossed-over, single-blind, and controlled trial., Methods: Twenty-nine moderate-to-severe adult OSA patients underwent MAD, CPAP, and placebo oral appliance treatment. Polysomnography, Epworth sleepiness scale, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, vitamins C, E, B6, B12, folate, homocysteine, uric acid), and HRV were assessed at baseline and after 1 month of each treatment. Diaries were used to evaluate compliance for devices and a pressure-time meter for CPAP., Results: Both active treatments resulted in decreases in apnea and hypopnea index and Epworth sleepiness scale; CPAP showed a greater effect. Frequency of diastolic BP dipping was higher in the MAD group compared with the CPAP group. A significant drop from baseline levels for catalase activity was observed after MAD. For HRV, there was a significant decrease in total power at night with CPAP and MAD compared with POA, and a decrease in index of sleep autonomic variation with MAD compared with baseline levels. Compliance rates were higher with MAD rather than CPAP., Conclusions: Even though CPAP proved to be more effective at attenuating OSA, better compliance with MAD favored the reduction of one of the enzymes which participates in oxidative stress and better autonomic modulation during sleep.

Background: The few studies that examine the effect of nasal abnormalities on continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP) adherence are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of nasal abnormalities in CPAP adherence., Methods: We included patients with moderate to severe OSA. The patients were submitted to rhinoscopy, nasofibroscopy, nasal inspiratory peak flow, and acoustic rhinometry. The patients who used a CPAP for 4 h or more per night for at least 70 % of the nights over a 6-month period were considered to have good adherence., Results: Thirty-four patients finished the study. Eleven (33.4 %) were female and 23 (67.6 %) were male. Sixteen (47.1 %) patients had good adherence. The body mass index (p = 0.030), neck circumference (p = 0.006), and apnea-hypopnea index (p = 0.032) were higher, and the oxyhemoglobin saturation minimum was lower (p = 0.041) in the good adherence group. Nasal parameters showed no differences between good and poor adherence groups. In Spearman's correlation, surprisingly, there was a negative correlation between the highest number of hours of CPAP use with smaller values of nasal minimal cross-sectional areas in the supine position (r, 0.375; p = 0.029). In the linear regression model, the nasal findings that predicted increased of the CPAP use were the following: lower scores of nasal symptoms (p = 0.007) and lower nasal volume in supine position (p = 0.001)., Conclusions: The majority of the nasal parameters evaluated in this study did not influence CPAP adherence.