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In the study, the data for the field of visual arts in BILSEM have been revealed by studying postgraduate theses and articles related to the field of Visual Arts given in Science and Art Centers in between 2007-2017. In the research, the document was examined with the scanning model. In the scope of the research, it has been scanned from Google Scholar with keywords such as "BILSEM", "Art Education", "Visual Arts Education" and "Linear Development" in the YÖK database thesis and related theses and articles between the years 2007-2017 examined in terms of type, subject, sample, university and institute, national/ international, thesis method, data collection tools. In laser scanning, Visual Arts given in BILSEM in 2007-2017 years in Turkey related to Education "Science and Art Centers", "BILSEM", "Arts Education", "Visual Arts Education" and "Linear Development" screening using keywords according to the results of 6 theses (4 Master, 2 PhD) and 8 articles have been found. According to the results of the study, it is seen that there are no postgraduate thesis and articles about Visual Arts Education given in BILSEMs in 2009, 2010 and 2011, and studies have been intensified in between 2012-2017.

The present review attempted to address the direction of plagiarism literature in Turkish context. 15 studies conducted in Turkey on plagiarism were analyzed through content analysis. The context, purposes, methodological issues and results of researching plagiarism were categorized. The findings of this review indicated that although plagiarism's raising legal and ethical concerns is acknowledged by Turkish researchers, there are limited numbers of studies exploring the plagiarism perceptions, views, situations and reasons of Turkish graduate students and professors.

It was aimed in this study to reveal the general tendency of studies in the field of education by examining the papers in the high-impact A-class SSCI journals, to which qualified papers are accepted from all around the world, in terms of their dependent-independent variables, sample or study groups, research designs, data collection instruments, and data analysis techniques. The descriptive survey model was used in the research. The population of the research was all the journals surveyed in the field of educational sciences by SSCI. The journals and papers examined were selected with the purposive sampling method. 169 papers from six journals were subjected to examination within the scope of the research. Descriptive analysis and content analysis methods were used for analyzing the data. It was consequently seen that the papers used dependent variable of "student" the most which was followed by "teacher." The most studied variable along with "student" was "academic performance." It was found that a quite large number of dependent variables were used in the papers examined. It can be understood that studies on students among all study groups occupied the largest place, which was followed by teachers. It was seen that quantitative data analyses and experimental research studies was addressed more in the papers. Several documents and tests were mostly preferred as data collection instruments. It was noticed that the most used data analysis method was the regression analysis. Finally, some recommendations were developed in accordance with the research results.

The news in the national papers has an important role to inform the people about the content of new primary school curriculum. This study investigated the way of function with the comparison of the studies in the literature. The news concerning the renewed curriculum appearing in the national media in the period between 2004 and 2007 was obtained through document analysis and were compared to scientific studies in terms of consistency. For our purposes, 484 news articles and columns from 14 newspapers which were grouped into 3 categories were examined through document analysis. Consequently, it was found that the highest rate was in the year 2004 and that the rate of concepts decreased as the years passed by. The information on the novel curriculum was brief statements made by officials and was in the form of headings in the early years; yet in the following years such knowledge as the philosophy of the curriculum, its being student-centred as well as details of measurement and evaluation was presented. In the literature, findings related with inadequacy and content/ design categories were seen taking place heavily.

The number of ELT doctoral dissertations is growing every year, and these are great sources to spot the leading research trends and the research gaps in the field. Previous studies have been conducted to explore research trends in Turkey, accordingly journal articles and conference proceedings were examined. However, little research has aimed to investigate doctoral dissertations. As the number of graduates increases every year, a current study exploring the research trends of ELT in Turkey is needed. Therefore, the present research aims to fill this gap by examining 252 doctoral dissertations published between 2010 and 2020. Content analysis was conducted on the titles and abstract parts of the dissertations and then, coding was applied with the help of a priori codes suggested by the relevant literature. Findings have suggested that Teacher Professional Development is the leading research topic while Culture, Social, and Gender Issues are found to be under-researched. The results imply that these areas need improvements on both local and global scales. In light of the findings, further research in certain areas is suggested for local researchers.

This paper provides a descriptive content analysis of biology education research papers published in eight major academic journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index [SSCI] of Thomson Reuters® from 1997 to 2014. Total of 1376 biology education research [BER] papers were examined. The findings indicated that most of the papers were published in the JBE and IJSE, and frequently studied topics were environment and ecology, genetics and biotechnology, and animal form and function. The findings were also indicated that learning, teaching and attitudes was in the forefront as the frequently investigated subject matters, undergraduate and secondary school students were mostly preferred as sample group and sample size mostly varies between 31-100 and 101-300. In addition, it was found out that interactive qualitative research designs were mostly preferred. Besides, that single data collection tool was generally used and this data collection tool included questionnaires, interviews and documents. Finally, frequency/percentage tables, central tendency measures, statistical analysis such as t-test and ANOVA/ANCOVA and content analysis were commonly used as data analysis.

Content analysis of the studies of both Turkish and foreign authors on PBL in science education in national and international journals was made considering such variables as the research subject, method, sample, diversity of data collection tools and the data analysis methods. To this end, content analysis of 104 papers - 42 by Turkish authors and 62 by foreign authors - which were carried out between the years 1986-2012, was made. All these papers were accessed in full text. It was identified that in 40.4% of the studies whose content analysis was made, the focus was on the effect of PBL on learning, while in 35.6% the focus was on concept analysis. It is seen that while Turkish authors worked on teaching studies in 59.5% of their studies, foreign authors focused on concept analysis in 41.9% of their studies. Also while Turkish authors mostly preferred quantitative research methods (61.9%) in their studies, foreign authors preferred qualitative research methods (66.1%). The commonly used data collection tools for Turkish authors were questionnaire and achievement test, while foreign authors preferred interview and alternative data collection tools. In terms of choosing a sample group, it is seen that studies with undergraduate and secondary school students (9-12) were referred more often. The findings of the study reveal that studies on PBL were not very common in our country until 2005; that they reached the highest number between the years 2005-2009, and that foreign authors published the highest number of papers in 2006. While the foreign authors had a superiority over Turkish authors in terms of their papers on PBL in science education until 2005, it is seen that as of 2005, except the year 2006, the number of papers of Turkish authors has been equal to/higher than the number of papers by foreign authors until 2012. Besides, it is also identified that most of these studies were mixed and in the field of chemistry education. It is believed that this study is significant in terms of providing an opinion to young researchers working in the field of PBL and to those who are planning to work in the field.

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In this paper, I propose a model of plurimethodological approach in ELT textbook design, in which one unit is based on the communicative PPP unit model, where the unit ends with a final communicative task, and the following unit is based on the action-oriented unit model, where the unit is a mini-project unit as a whole. Such a textbook model is based on the concept of plurimethodological pair-unit, where the communicative approach and the action-oriented approach are combined in coherence and synergy. In such a plurimethodological textbook design, the topics of the two successive units (one PPP unit and the other mini-project unit) are the same or closely related, so that the unit based on the PPP model will provide the students with much of the language and documentary resources needed to complete the mini-project in the following unit. The mini-project unit will provide the students with additional language and documentary resources for carrying out the miniproject, but as there will be less language and documentary work for students in this unit, students will be better able to concentrate on carrying out the miniproject. [Note: The page range (228-241) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 228-240.]

Discussions on history teaching in Turkey indicate that the previous versions of the history curriculum and the pedagogy of history in the country bear many problems and deficiencies. The problems of Turkish history curriculum mainly arise from the perspectives it takes and the selection of its content. Since 2003, there have been extensive educational changes, including the alterations of primary social studies and secondary history curricula. The major goal of the preparation and projected practice of the new history curriculum is to overcome the problems and deficiencies of history teaching. This paper examines the documents of the new Turkish secondary school history curriculum and compares it with the previous state of history teaching in the country. A qualitative document analysis technique was employed to descriptively examine the content of the curriculum documents. It has been found out that most of the problems and deficiencies observed in the previous versions have still been existent in the current one.

ICT integration can be realized at various levels: It can be at a state level (central government); at an institutional level (Higher Education Councils); at an organizational level (universities and schools); at a faculty level; at a department level, or at an individual level. Thus, ICT integration can be studied at macro level as a system, or it can be studied at micro level or can be studied together. In this study, ICT integration is studied at macro level which covers the ICT integration both at administrative and instructional levels. Although each level is interrelated with each other, the aim of this study is to investigate how ICT is integrated at the faculty level in an institution. Since ICT integration is a multi-faceted process and related to many factors, a qualitative case study is applied in order to understand this process in a holistic way with different angles. Data were collected through observations, official documents, individual semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. Finally an ICT integration model is suggested. (Contains 3 figures.)

This study aimed to analyze the mission and vision statements on the strategic plans of higher education institutions. The sample of the study consisted of 72 public universities. Strategic plans of the universities were accessed over the internet, and the data collected were analyzed using content analysis. The findings show that statements on providing services for the education of a qualified work force are the most common on the mission statements of the universities. "Having universal, sufficient, and competent knowledge" was among the most frequently used phrases on the mission statements of the universities. In vision statements, universities mostly emphasized services concerning their research function. "Becoming a well-known, leading, and respected research university both nationally and internationally" was among the most commonly underlined messages.

Conscious and balanced use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is one of the main foundations of the concept put forward as new economy. Studies on the forming process of new economy in Turkey are conducted, but failures are also experienced in forming an accurate policy in terms of information, technology and innovation. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictions and decisions with regard to information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development plans of Turkey and make an investigation in parallel to this. For this purpose, document analysis technique was employed in the research, and content analysis was used for the data analysis. Themes emerging from the data analysis were analyzed in terms of problem, purpose and application policies in the development plans. In this context, the results of the study revealed that problem, purpose and application policies with regard to technology production, technology development, technology policy, technology plan, and information and communication technologies were not included at all in the 1st and 2nd development plans. Moreover, it was found out that technology policies were first emphasized in the 3rd Development Plan in terms of purpose and application, and a technology plan was first emphasized in the 5th Development Plan as purpose. As for the information and communication technologies, it was first involved in the 8th Development Plan. Therefore, it was concluded that Turkey has latched on to the policies still valid today in the Information, Technology and Research field from the very beginning; however, failed to practice them in real life. The findings of the study are discussed with their causes and effects in Turkey. (Contains 5 tables.)

This paper examines underlying beliefs and values about nature within the early years education in Turkey, as reflected in the curricula and standards documents guiding instruction. Given that not every child has the opportunity for nature-based education, it becomes essential to incorporate nature-based learning into indoor classrooms. Employing a document analysis, we comprehensively analyse the Ministry of Education's Preschool Education Program (2013), Activity Book-1 (2013a), and Activity Book-2 (2018), which guides teachers in shaping their classroom practices, therefore providing in-depth insights into the conceptualisations of nature. Our analysis reveals that 'nature' in these documents is characterised by its connection to and intersections of specific settings, concepts, and resources. Moreover, we found out that the identified patterns of relationships in the examined curriculum and standards documents demonstrate a purposeful initiative to engage preschool children in the realm of nature through various means, including conceptual comprehension, hands-on interaction with materials, and direct involvement in natural surroundings. The intersections among these elements unveil a complex network of opportunities to promote an enhanced learning journey. By fostering a deeper understanding of the relationship between curriculum guidelines and nature activities, we aim to empower early childhood educators to embrace nature as an integral part of their classroom practices.

This study examined whether teachers prioritize the use of technology. More specifically, this paper focused on how Turkish teachers think about the importance of technology and technological tools for their daily routines. The research design employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. The data were collected through document analyses, interviews, and a survey. The results showed that the following factors lead teachers to prioritize the use of technology in the classroom: (a) globalization, (b) society's needs, (c) technological literacy, (d) student learning, and (e) practicability. (Contains 5 tables.)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the most efficient ways to apply peer evaluation in writing courses, and a lack of studies on the views of students' experienced difficulties while responding to their peers' papers is the starting point of this paper. For this cause, the case study method was implemented, including an interview conducted with prep-class students (N=37) who attended a writing course for two semesters and a review of literature of related papers written over the past five years that specifically focuses on the ways to develop peer-evaluation skills of students. Both the interview and the relevant previous studies were analyzed through content analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that the challenges that students experienced were because of a lack of ability in language usage and having an avoidant personality, not having clear purposes for evaluation, a lack of ability in dominating the relevant terminology, and having difficulty in finding content and organization related mistakes. Consequently, students need effective training on peer evaluation to enhance their skills beforehand. The suggestions collected thanks to the literature review is expected to be helpful in this respect.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the historical development, status and purpose of the Turkish social studies curriculum in addition to understanding John Dewey's impact on the modernization of Turkish educational system. Document analysis as a qualitative research method is used in this study. The data were obtained from the historical documents about the development of the Turkish social studies curriculum, the Internet sources, printed literature--such as reports about the curriculum development process done by national governmental organizations like Ministry of Education and Board of Education, and review and research articles about social studies educations and Dewey's effect on the Turkish Educational system. This study consists of two main parts: one is "The History of Social Studies Curriculum Development in Turkey," which addresses the historical development of Social Studies Curriculum in two major eras: The Era of Ottomans and the Republican Period. The second part of the study examines the impact of a famous 20th century American philosopher and educator, "John Dewey," on Turkey.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Visual Literacy (VL) activities on primary school students in English teaching. In the quantitative part of the study, where the mixed method and exploratory sequential pattern were used, the quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group; in the qualitative part, case study design was used. The study group consists of 36 third grade students in a public elementary school in Konya-Kulu in 2017-2018 academic year. Achievement test developed by the researcher was used for the quantitative data and semi-structured interview forms were used for the qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for the analysis of quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. The English achievement of the experimental group students in which VL activities were applied was higher than the control group students in which ongoing activities were applied; in the retention test, no difference was found between the groups. Students who expressed their opinions about VL activities stated that they liked the activities but they experienced different emotions such as anxiety, self-confidence, excitement, sense of inadequacy, happiness and productivity; significant contributions to the classroom and outside the classroom. [Paper presented at the International Congress on New Trends in Education (9th, Turkey, May 11, 2018).]

English is the most common foreign language given as a class in Turkey. Although English language education has been given for many years, it is seen that there is not a desired result yet. There are many factors that affect this situation such as language, program, method, language education policies, teacher, and student. One of the factors affecting language education is the physical classroom setting. Within this context, it is searched for ideal classroom setting in language education at high schools. 22 English language teachers from 9 different high schools participated in the study. Views of teachers were reported to Word and analyzed through content analysis. In the context of the current research, it is stated that there are some technological problems, the areas where foreign language materials are exhibited in the classroom environment are limited, and the classrooms do not allow different seating arrangements. According to English language teachers, it was stated that there should be technological equipment and hardware in an ideal language learning setting, there should be sufficient areas for displaying visual materials, furniture should be flexible and classroom population should be at an ideal level. [This study was presented as a paper at the 2nd Conference of Language, Culture and Education held in Istanbul in June, 2019 at Medipol University.]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to indicate the current state of studies on Islamic finance and management through a bibliometric analysis of the only social science citation index (SSCI)-indexed journal in this field. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses a bibliometric analysis, collecting data from the 319 papers published in the International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management (IMEFM) from 2008 to 2019. Moreover, VOSviewer software has been used to illustrate the citation analysis (including most cited papers, most cited authors and authors' affiliated institutions and countries) and the keyword map. Findings: The number of papers published in each issue of the IMEFM is found to have significantly increased owing to its unique situation being the only SSCI-indexed journal in this domain. The share of the empirical researches in total papers published annually has steadily risen, reaching 95% in 2019. In terms of case countries, although Malaysia is the most examined country in the papers, other countries such as Indonesia and Turkey are found to have been used as a case country by researchers recently. Islamic banking-related papers are the most prevalent studies, as expected, with mainly their performance being examined. Meanwhile, the number of papers about Islamic social financial institutions has notably grown in recent years. Finally, technology-based initiatives such as crowdfunding and cryptocurrencies are noted to have not yet been the subject of any paper. Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is its analysis of the only SSCI-indexed journal on Islamic finance and management using bibliometrics. Also, all the papers published in the journal have been reviewed in terms of methodology, case country/country groups and topics/subtopics to lead the way for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine whether tracking calories using a mobile application without any nutrition education has a positive effect on the eating behaviors of university students. The concurrent design, one of the mixed methods designs, was used to compare the quantitative and qualitative data analysis results. The participants are 108 university students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. In the quantitative part of the study, a calorie tracking form was used; in the qualitative part, an interview form was used to determine eating behaviors. The students were not given any information about healthy nutrition and were only asked to track calories. The change in body mass index values obtained from the calorie tracking form is presented with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. In evaluating the data obtained from the interview form determining eating behaviors, the data were categorized by content analysis, and the categories were presented as percentage values. According to the data obtained, it has been observed that positive behavioral changes in terms of nutrition can be created even without giving any information about healthy nutrition to the students, just by making them track calories. As a result of the activity, they became aware of which foods would make them gain weight and which would not and gained positive eating behaviors. Based on the results obtained from this study, recommendations for future studies and public health were made.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the contributions of school principals as constructivist leaders in their schools' according to teachers' opinions. This study is qualitative research based on a phenomenological model. Researchers collected data through the semi-structured interview method. The study group was determined by a maximum variation sampling and composed of 13 teachers working in the province of Sanliurfa, Turkey. Researchers analyzed the data using the content analysis method. The research found that school principals as constructivist leaders contributed to their schools' organizational change. These contributions are collected under six categories: learning and teaching, sharing leadership, communication and interaction, a safe school environment, encouragement, and strategic planning. This paper makes two contributions to extant literature on this topic. Firstly, this paper facilitates the understanding of constructive leadership roles among principals. Secondly, this paper helps us determine the contributions of school principals as constructive leaders to the organizational change in their school, thus contributing to a better understanding of school leadership.

The objective of this study is to ascertain the effects of immersive virtual reality environments on students' academic achievement utilizing quantitative and qualitative approaches. First, databases of Web of Science, Google Scholar, ERIC, Proquest, YÖK Thesis Center, and ULAKBIM of Turkey were searched, and 31 studies (23 journal papers and 8 theses) were selected for the meta-analysis. In this context, the overall effect size on students' academic achievement was analyzed with the CMA program using subject area and grade level moderator variables. In the second part, content analysis was performed using the ATLAS.ti program for 8 studies selected for the meta-thematic analysis. it was found that immersive virtual reality environments had a positive, moderate (d = 0.526) effect on students' academic achievement. After the meta-thematic analysis, it was observed that immersive virtual reality environments had many positive effects on students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills and that created a perception of reality and sense of presence in students, facilitates learning, increases motivation, creates a safe and interactive learning environment and make many contributions to learning. In addition, it was determined that there may be problems such as technical problems and health problems during the environments, and it was stated that measures should be taken.

This study elaborates on the epistemological foundations of Turkish higher education research drawing on data from 854 doctoral dissertations with an analytical framework based on the institutional organization of researchers and knowledge, the object of study, and the object of knowledge. The results imply that the long-established state higher education institutions (universities) have been the power engines of Turkish higher education research, which gained momentum with the millennium. Male gendered, full professorship, single supervision, and local PhDs were the salient features of advisors. The primary objects of study were topics related to student experience, institutional management, and teaching and learning. As for the object of knowledge, Turkish higher education research was found to be descriptive, regardless of the adopted research methodology. The doctoral dissertations within a maximum of ten different universities and 600 respondents, based on random sampling, had a commanding lead. Undergraduate students and state universities were also fertile components. The paper concludes by proposing the establishment of a dynamic resource database and the incorporation of certain theories and approaches in Turkish higher education research.

English has long been accepted as "lingua franca" (ELF) to share values, beliefs and opinions. ELF can be interrelated with the paradigms of Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT), English as an International Language (EIL) and English as Medium of Instruction (EMI). Textbooks should present content covering global issues (GIs), leading to a better understanding of the spread of English and its connection with globalization where peace education (PE) should be built on. English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teachers usually feel under pressure to follow textbooks in English prep-programs in Turkey. Therefore, the extent that EFL textbooks offer GIs is crucial for developing learners' understanding of PE beyond national boundaries. Although relevant literature has well documented the place of GIs in language teaching and paucity of research on PE in language education, EFL textbooks have remained under-researched. For this reason, a comprehensive checklist of GIs was used to examine a five-level series of coursebooks (A1-C1). Data analysis showed that three lower-level coursebooks employed less GIs than those with higher-levels. Issues ranged from environment to health, whilst specific content for PE appeared moderately. Several implications are made for a meaningful match of GIs and GELT, EIL, EMI and EFL teaching with Language of Peace Approach. [This paper was presented as an oral presentation in the 11th International ELT Research Conference with the theme of Localising Global Issues in ELT in Çanakkale between 03 and 5 September 2020 by the authors.]

Purpose: Providing educational services for Syrian refugee children is a new fact of life in Turkey, and the teachers who work at public schools and temporary education centers encounter some difficulties. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the problems faced in the process of educating Syrian refugee children as well as the solutions to such difficulties recommended by the teachers. Research Methods: The study was carried out using qualitative research methods and the phenomenological model to investigate the problems faced in the process of educating the Syrian students. The purposive sampling method was used in order to identify the participants. Thereafter; the plan was to interview the participants consisting of nine teachers of Syrian students. Interview forms were designed and developed by the researchers and used in the study. The content analysis technique was used during the analysis of the data. The NVivo 10 package program was used. Findings: In the study, the problems faced by the teachers were identified as a language barrier, cultural problems and discipline problems. While the teachers at the public schools appear to think that the students are on good terms with their friends, teachers and the school principal, the teachers at the temporary education centers seem to have a completely opposite view on the matter. Teachers state that they do not receive adequate support in the process of educating Syrian students and add that the students are provided with limited books and additional class support. Last, to solve these problems, the teachers recommend that the language barrier be overcome by teaching the Syrians the Turkish language, that materials and a curriculum for Turkish language education be developed, that the Syrian students be taught separately from the Turkish students, that the teachers be provided with in-service seminars, and that class populations be reduced. Implications for Research and Practice: Teaching so many refugees is a new phenomenon for Turkey. In order to properly overcome this issue, the MoNE must be in close contact with the teachers and educational institutions working in this process. Also, for the healthy functioning of this process, the need for support from both the general public and national and international organizations should not be ignored. [This article was presented at ECER 2016, "Leading Education: The Distinct Contributions of Educational Research and Researchers," in Dublin, Ireland.]

Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives plays a crucial role in developing assessments that measure higher and lower level cognitive skills. Since it is important to assess how well students master the information within the levels of the taxonomy, the present study first presents the higher and lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy and then seeks to investigate whether the exam questions of General English courses are based on both higher and lower order thinking levels. This study was carried out through qualitative methods of data collection. The findings of the study suggested that the analyzed exam papers lacked the higher level cognitive skills contained in Bloom's Taxonomy. Based on the findings, some assumptions have been made with the aim of suggesting how the exam papers which are being written or will be written should refer to Bloom's taxonomy.

In this research, it is aimed to determine the status of the preschool manipulative story books containing the activities which are placed before the stories, inside of the stories or after the stories, in terms of date of publications, subject of the stories and kind of the activities in the story. For this purpose, 188 books were investigated for sale in the bookstores of Ankara and Istanbul published between the years of 2005-2015. Data were analyzed by using a statistical analysis program and findings were presented with frequency tables. The findings of the present study indicated that in the recent years the publication of the manipulative story books has increased. The present study also showed that the place of the activities in the books, the materials of the activities, and durability of the books are appropriate. But it has been determined that the age group of the book, the development area of the activities in the book and directives such as application period of the activites are incomplete in the books. [This study was presented as a paper at the International Early Childhood Education Congress (4th, Ankara, Turkey, September 2-5, 2015.]

This study involves the design of an online course on oral corrective feedback (ONOCEF) and its implementation through flipped classroom with a view to finding out if it exerts any impact on ELT student teachers' competencies regarding oral corrective feedback (OCF). Having conducted a needs analysis, the ONOCEF was developed and then administered to thirty ELT student teachers by flipping the classroom. In this flipped model, first, the students took the ONOCEF input outside the school. Then they enacted this input in their microteachings alternately in formal classes. Following each performance, reflection papers were gathered from the non-performing student teachers (NPSTs) in order to evaluate their performing peers' (PSTs) OCF practices and thus reveal the ONOCEF components in their microteachings. Content analysis of the reflection papers demonstrated positive effects of the ONOCEF on both the PSTs' and NPSTs' competences concerning OCF. Through the ONOCEF, the PSTs were able to provide OCF effectively and use different OCF strategies while the NPSTs were successful locating their performing peers' non/corrections and identifying the shortcomings in their OCF practices. As a result, the ONOCEF proved to be an effective online tool to help pre-service ELT teachers promote their competences regarding OCF.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate teachers' opinion and metaphorical perceptions about globalization. In this paper, phenomenology one of the qualitative research type was used. 61 teachers' metaphorical perceptions about globalization were collected and interviewed with 12 teachers about globalization in education. Teachers' metaphorical perceptions about globalization were determined by a space filled question (globalization is similar to...; because ...). A semi-structured interview form has been prepared by the researchers. The opinions of the teachers can be summarized as teachers associate globalization with technology, especially with the internet. In general teachers mentioned that the effects of globalization in education are positive. Further teachers' metaphorical perceptions about globalization summarized as follows; village, market, whirlpool, family, shopping, teapot, neighborhood, technology. Withal teachers' reasons for analogy of the metaphors about globalization are grouped as; globalization as a unifying of differences concept, globalization as a communication and interaction enhancer concept, globalization as a damaging concept and globalization as an indefinite concept.

Analogies are bridges between prior knowledge and new knowledge to make meaning of the new one. Analogies are particularly effective in teaching science concepts that are not very apparent in the students' everyday lives due to their abstract nature. For this reason, it is essential to adapt analogies to teach new concepts effectively in science education. Analogy-related studies published between 2009 and 2020 were examined in this manuscript to determine the use of analogies as a teaching technique in science education (Physics, Chemistry, Biology). To reach the studies about "Analogy," ERIC, EBSCO, Springer LINK, Taylor & Francis, Wiley Online Library Full Collection, Science Direct, ProQuest Dissertations, Theses Global, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched. Then, Turkish databases, including ULAKBIM and YÖK (National Thesis Center), were also searched. A total of 80 research papers published between 2009 and 2020 that met the study's criteria were examined. Within the scope of the study, the subject areas, purpose, sample, results, and suggestions of compiled analogy studies were focused on. Based on the analysis, it was determined that most of the analogy research was conducted in the field of chemistry, the most employed methodology was qualitative research, and the most common purpose of these studies was to see the effects on academic achievement. When the studies were conducted to examine academic achievement, it was seen that the use of analogy applications as a teaching technique in science teaching has positive results on student achievement.

This paper aims to discuss the use of Brousseau's Theory of Didactical Situations in mathematics (TDS) for eighth-graders to explore the concept of triangle inequality in Euclidean geometry. Data sources included observation notes, video recordings of lessons, and students' written work. Data analysis was done through a deductive content analysis approach that utilized the conceptual framework based on Brousseau's notion of didactical situations. Findings revealed that student behaviors that were expected to take place through situations occurred at every phase as stated in the theory. Mathematical ideas leading up to the construction of new knowledge were gradually formulated and justified as stages progress. Students worked out different methods of evaluation to solve an open-ended exploratory task and defended them in a way that invited other students to implement their chosen strategies. They developed their implicit informal knowledge by building on their thinking and the thinking of others through situations. All these results highlight how important it is to use didactical situations to pave the way for learning to learn, as it not only facilitates the purposeful exchange of ideas through whole-class discussion that ensures a common understanding of mathematical ideas but also allows students to create their own learning adventures.

Social media has become an important part of our lives with the widespread use of the internet. On Facebook, the largest social media platform, people with similar interests can establish a group and communicate with each other. There are Facebook collegial groups created by teachers in many countries. The research aims to identify the similarities and differences of science teachers' share content on Facebook groups. In the study, the case pattern was adopted which is one of the qualitative research methods. as a data source, two Facebook groups established by science teachers in Turkey and Europe which were determined through criteria sampling were analyzed for one-month shares. 341 posts of science teachers' group in Turkey were analyzed by analysis method, 396 posts in Europe were subjected to descriptive analysis. Analysis results are presented in tables and compared. Based on the research results we can say science teachers in Turkey focus on course content while the ones in Europe are more interested in professional and personal development, scientific developments, and academic activities. The research results were compared with the education systems of countries, teacher training policies, and other studies in the field, and various suggestions were made. [This article was presented as a summary at the International Conference on Science, Mathematics, Entrepreneurship and Technology Education (2nd, November 19-22, 2020).]

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare recent research papers on foreign language education in Turkish context with those published in international context to shed light on researchers and policy makers for future studies. This study filled a gap in this field and also aimed to increase the rate of acceptance of research papers submitted by Turkish authors in foreign journals. Content Analysis method was used in this study. This study focused on recent 188 research papers published in 8 prestigious journals indexed in Social Sciences Citation Index in Turkey and in the world and they were analyzed in terms of research design, data collection tools, samples, sample size and data analysis method. The results of the study revealed that quantitative research design was predominantly used in Turkish journals while qualitative research design was mainly preferred by foreign journals. In addition, undergraduates were the focus of attention as sample group particularly in Turkish journals. This study suggested that qualitative research design should be given priority and alternative instruments like concept maps and portfolio should be used in this type of studies including observation and interviews. Moreover, experimental studies should be more focus of attention rather than administrating only one questionnaire in quantitative studies.

In this study, the variables having impact on the student motivation have been analyzed based on the articles, conference papers, master's theses and doctoral dissertations published in the years 2000-2017. A total of 165 research papers were selected for the research material and the data were collected through qualitative research techniques through document review and content analysis. According to the research results, the most important factors affecting student motivation are the fields of teacher, teachers' classroom management skills and their teaching methods. In this research, factors having less influence on the student motivation are parental communication, student characteristics and study fields. In addition, relational search type was used more than others, mostly students were selected as the study group and most researches were conducted in USA and Turkey.

In this study, the stages of creating a dynamic map in Microsoft Excel with the rapid prototyping instructional design model developed by Tripp and Bichelmeyer are explained to support and improve students' global awareness in social studies lessons in Turkey. The dynamic map was created in four general stages in the study, in which the waterfall design model was adopted. First, the needs and content analysis of the study were conducted for this aim. In the second stage, an algorithm was created in line with the determinations of the first stage, and, within this framework, the prototype of the dynamic map was designed in Microsoft Excel. In the third stage, the working status of the dynamic map was checked, the design process was completed, and the distortions on the coordinate system were eliminated. In the last stage, the dynamic map was evaluated by three experts, and the final prototype was created based on their feedback. The study was conducted using action research, the reflections of the acquisitions in the dynamic map are evaluated descriptively, and the opinions about the dynamic map are evaluated with content analysis. According to the obtained results, the dynamic map can reflect the acquisitions, concretize the content, and increase students' map literacy levels, but it also requires teacher support. In addition, the map also supports the competencies in teaching programs with mathematics and learning skills. Suggestions based on these results are also provided for educators and researchers. [This study was presented at the 3rd International Turkish World Congress of Educational and Social Sciences held in Ankara, Turkey on 10-12 November 2020.]