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Foldable containers are considered an effective solution to deal with the endemic imbalance in the repositioning of empty containers. Several foldable containers were commercialized without clear breakthrough in the market and most current researches are still limited to small pilot projects. This paper presents the design of a new 5-tier stacking foldable container with convenient folding and unfolding process and that can be produced economically compared to previous products. The selected size of the container is the standard 40-ft high cube because it represents about 70% of the maritime container fleet transiting Korean ports. The presented foldable container passed the tests for international certifications ISO 1496-1 and CSC required for its application on site. Differently from the 4:1 folding ratio adopted by most previous products, a ratio of 5:1 is chosen to further the economy in storage space. In addition, cost analysis is also implemented for both transborder and transcontinental shipments to demonstrate the economic viability of the proposed foldable container. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost-management systems play a significant role in the operations management of container terminal companies; however, in complex loading and discharging operations, traditional Activity-Based Costing (ABC) systems are costly and difficult to be built and maintained. A modified Time-Driven ABC method, considering all the procedures required to obtain the final product and estimating resource usage accordingly, has emerged in response to this challenge. This study provides terminal operators with an effective cost analysis tool using a time-driven ABC method to identify bottleneck in handling process and calculate the handling cost of cost objects. Also, this research uses a container vessel and ten shipping lines calling at Shanghai East Container Terminal as case studies, and presents a full cost analysis of the activities and their respective costs. This investigation provides insights into the causes of excessive logistics costs and highlights the benefits of applying Time-Driven ABC method in the container terminal industry, along with shortcomings and potential future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]