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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a rich history spanning thousands of years, with its applications ranging from treating female infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss to managing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Yet the safety of pregnant women consuming Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) still lacks sufficient modern clinical research data. On April 19, the journal Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published a research article titled "Maternal traditional Chinese medicine exposure and risk of congenital malformations: a multicenter prospective cohort study." The study claimed that "Periconceptional TCM exposure is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformation," drawing attention from both English and Chinese media outlets, which extensively reported and commented on the findings. In response, various TCM organizations contested the research, asserting that it failed to adhere to fundamental standards of academic rigor, statistical analysis, and necessary methodologies to draw conclusions. International TCM practitioners and scholars thoroughly examined the article, uncovering multiple errors and arguing that these misleading conclusions significantly undermined the reputation of CHM. These scholars communicated their doubts directly to the corresponding author and the journal's chief editor, emphasizing that the article's conclusion was derived from secondary data analysis of another clinical research project and funding sources, therefore, called for withdrawal of the article. Eventually, the article was retracted due to flaws with the study design in collecting data on exposure to TCM in pregnant women, which affects the validity of the data to support the conclusions of the study. This article conducts a comprehensive academic inquiry into the article, meticulously outlining the identified errors, discusses the reproductive toxicity of CHM, and provides suggestions for future research to evaluate the safety of pregnant women using CHM rigorously, emphasizing evaluation on teratogenicity research of CHM should not only be based on study using healthy animals, but also incorporate clinical epidemiological research and disease-syndrome-based toxicology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of this paper uses autoethnography to explore some of her experiences being born with the congenital malformation syndactyly, calling the process her deformography. She engages in this process for two reasons: a) to move syndactyly out of the medical literature, and b) as a step in a self-empowering process towards acceptance. In so doing, the paper explores social ideologies of difference that have affected her in her lifetime, with particular focus on Ancient Sparta and Nazi Germany. The paper concludes with the author's realization that although she understands how difference "works" on a cognitive level, she has more to do on her healing journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Congenital malformations in newborn dogs are still largely poorly understood and are inadequately treated, which leads to high mortality rates in these patients. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and two types of management for the treatment of pectus excavatum in puppies, a malformation of the chest wall that can lead to progressive cardiorespiratory changes and progression to death. This case study assists veterinarians in the clinical approach of pectus excavatum to perform adequate medical conduct and ensure greater neonatal survival. Pectus excavatum is a deformity of the thorax characterized by ventrodorsal narrowing of the sternum bone and costal cartilages, which can lead to compression and cardiopulmonary alterations in dogs, presenting a high prevalence in brachycephalic breeds. The aim of this report was to describe two types of management for the noninvasive treatment of pectus excavatum in newborn puppies of the breeds French Bulldog and American Bully. The puppies presented dyspnea, cyanosis and substernal retraction during inspiration. The diagnosis was performed by physical examination and confirmed by chest X-ray. Two types of splints were performed (a circular splint with plastic pipe and a paper box splint on the chest), aiming at thoracic lateral compression and frontal chest remodeling. The management was effective for the conservative treatment of mild-grade pectus excavatum, resulting in the repositioning of the thorax and improvement of the respiratory pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Conflicts of interest can impede both research and medical treatment. The European Reference Networks require their members to deal with financial and non-financial conflicts according to an explicit protocol. In a literature review, we identified relevant interests in paediatric surgery, and drafted such a policy.Methods: We conducted a Pubmed query and identified additional publications based on the content of the papers.Results: 58 titles were identified. According to their abstracts, 10 publications were studied in full text. A scientific taxonomy does not yet exist, but a variety of factors are mentioned. Non-financial conflicts of interest are addressed less accurately and less frequently than financial ones, especially regarding surgical treatment. Since the clinical effect of surgical volume was identified as being relevant, additional 29 respective publications were analysed. This volume-quality relationship causes conflicts of interest for the many surgeons treating a broad spectrum of rare conditions. We present a recommendation that may guide referral of patients requiring complex surgery to centres with a higher volume.Conclusions: Non-financial conflicts of interest need to be dealt with more accuracy, especially with regard to surgery in rare, complex congenital conditions. The European Reference Networks offer a framework to mitigate these conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Odontológica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most frequent congenital defects, and they significantly burden the healthcare system due to their high mortality rate and high cost of care for survivors. We aimed to highlight the incidence of CHDs in a tertiary center in Western Romania. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between 2018 and 2022 at the "Pius Brinzeu" Emergency County Hospital Timisoara. Relevant information about the mothers and the newborns were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of CHDs from 2018 to 2022 in our center was 5.3%. Eleven types of malformations were diagnosed postnatally in 541 newborns, with 28.8% of cases having more than one type of CHD. The antenatal detection rate was 28%, with the highest rates for tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or significant ventricular septal defects and the lowest for pulmonary stenosis. The lower antenatal detection rate was influenced mainly by incomplete or absent prenatal care. Conclusions: The incidence of CHDs is clearly dependent of a multifactorial approach, and the results highlight this. With an incidence almost 50% lower than reported within the literature and a low rate of prenatal detections, CHDs could be a more of a burden to endure regarding medical treatment. Improvements in patients' education, prenatal care, and screening programs could improve diagnosis, decrease mortality, and optimize postnatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Cochlear implantation is a treatment for patients with severe sensorineural hearing loss/deafness, who get no help from ordinary hearing aids. The cochlear implant is surgically placed under the skin near the ear and a very thin electrode array is introduced into the cochlea of the inner ear, where it stimulates the remaining nerve fibers (1,2). The operation is complicated; it is performed with the aid of a microscope, and involves drilling very close to vital vessels and important nerves. The method was introduced in Sweden in 1984 by Professor Göran Bredberg, then at Stockholm Söder Hospital. High resolution computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone is a part of the preoperative evaluation preceding cochlear implantation. It is a method for visualizing the bony structures of the middle and inner ear – to diagnose pathology and to describe the anatomy. In Stockholm, these examinations have usually been performed at the Radiology Department of Stockholm Söder Hospital. Examinations of cochlear implant candidates from other parts of Sweden and from abroad are also sent there for special reviewing. The first work concerns CT of the temporal bone and cochlear implant surgery in children with CHARGE association. This is a rare condition with multiple congenital abnormalities, sometimes lethal. Children with CHARGE have different combinations of disabilities, of which impairments of vision and hearing, as well as balance problems and facial palsy can lead to developmental delay. There have been few reports of radiological temporal bone changes and none of cochlear implant surgery for this group. The work includes a report of the findings on preoperative CT and at surgery, as well as pos-timplant results in two children. A review of the latest diagnostic criteria of CHARGE and the temporal bone changes found in international literature is also included. The conclusion was that certain combinations of temporal bone changes in CHARGE... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: REGAL (RSV Evidence-a Geographical Archive of the Literature) has provided a comprehensive review of the published evidence in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Western countries over the last 20 years. This review covers the risk and burden of RSV infection in children with underlying medical conditions or chronic diseases (excluding prematurity and congenital heart disease). Methods: A systematic review of publications between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2015 across PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov was supplemented by papers identified by the authors through March 2017. Studies reporting data for hospital visits/admissions for RSV infection as well as studies reporting RSV-associated morbidity and mortality were included. Study quality and strength of evidence (SOE) were graded. Results: A total of 2703 studies were identified and 58 were included. Down syndrome, irrespective of prematurity and congenital heart disease (moderate SOE), immunocompromised children (low SOE), cystic fibrosis (low SOE), and neurologic conditions (low SOE) were associated with a significantly increased risk of RSV hospitalization. A number of other congenital malformations and chronic conditions were also associated with severe RSV disease (low SOE). In general, pre-existing disease was also a predisposing factor for RSV-related mortality (low SOE). Conclusion: Severe RSV infection in infants and young children with underlying medical conditions or chronic diseases poses a significant health burden. Further studies are needed to fully quantify the epidemiology, burden and outcomes in these populations, in particular RSV-attributable mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Congenital and acquired airway anomalies represent a relatively common albeit diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, even for the most skilled operators in dedicated centers. Airway malformations encompass a wide spectrum of pathologies involving the larynx, trachea and bronchi, esophagus, mediastinal vessels. These developmental lesions are often isolated but the association of two or more anomalies is not infrequent. From the traditional chest X-ray to the newest applications of Optical Coherence Tomography, non- or mini-invasive diagnostic techniques represent useful tools to integrate invasive procedures. Comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of each diagnostic test is mandatory for its useful application. The aim of our paper is to analyze the clinical indications for Imaging the Airway disease in pediatric population, and describe the diagnostic techniques. Only by a close interaction between all the operators involved in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric airway, as it happens in Multidisciplinary Airway Team, the non- or mini-invasive imaging is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a probable case of Madelung-type deformity of the right lower arm in an individual from the Merovingian burial ground (7th and 8 th century CE) from Gotha-Boilstädt (Germany). A female individual with an age-at-death of 40−50 years was investigated. Macroscopic, osteometric and radiographic analyses were performed using standard methods. The individual exhibits an unusual case of dysmelia of the right upper extremity. The shoulder and upper arm displayed gracile muscle attachment marks and less robustness compared to the left side. The ulna was shortened and distorted and the radius was severely deformed. The results indicate that the individual might have been affected by a unilateral Madelung-type deformity. The severity of this case is greater than that reported in the clinical literature. This study places an ancient rare disease into archaeological and paleopathological contexts, allowing for the evaluation of the term "ancient rare disease." It also highlights the importance of reporting rigorously diagnosed cases in order to raise our level of awareness of the incidence and course of this rare condition in the past. The diagnosis cannot be stated with certainty, and only a handful of possible diagnoses can be offered. Congenital and acquired etiologies must be considered, especially when compared with clinical cases where severity of conditions may be modified by medical intervention. Genetic analysis might be helpful in the determination of the etiology of the observed Madelung-type deformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a case of partial lack of the mesocolon in a 7-month-old colt. The foal was referred to the hospital with clinical signs of severe abdominal distension of a few hours duration. Because analgesics did not relieve pain, the foal remained uncomfortable, and distension of the abdomen increased; an exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency. The final diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively. During exploration of the abdominal cavity, other problems like right dorsal displacement and torsion of the colon were recognized. Correction of all problems was completed, and the mesentery was sutured. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. The foal was recovering well a few months after surgery, and the owner did not complain about the results of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Segmental aplasia of the caudal vena cava (CVC) with azygos continuation is a congenital malformation macroscopically described in mammals including humans, dogs, and rodents. It is usually detected as an incidental finding and the final diagnosis is reached by computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, or post-mortem dissection. Case Description: A 3-year-old guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) presented with subacute dyspnea. A computed tomographic examination was performed for the evaluation of subtle pulmonary changes previously suspected on conventional radiography, and a segmental aplasia of the CVC with azygos continuation was identified as an incidental finding. Conclusion: According to database negative results, this is the first report describing a segmental aplasia of the CVC and azygos continuation in a guinea pig by CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of our study to analyze the data of the prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations at the maternity and reproductive health hospital "Les Orangers" in Rabat and to identify the main anomalies detected, their percentage and their short-term outcome. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the maternity and reproductive health hospital "Les Orangers" in Rabat, Morocco. The data was collected and reported on pre-established sheets and on the register of malformations of the hospital. Results: A total of 245 cases of congenital malformations comprising 470 types of congenital malformations were recorded out of a total of 43,923 births over a period of five and a half years, giving a prevalence of 5.58 per thousand. Prenatal diagnosis was made in a third of cases (33%), essentially during the 2nd-3rd trimester of pregnancy. The anomalies revealed by this antenatal diagnosis were dominated by urinary malformations in 70% and central nervous system anomalies in 67%, followed by other types of congenital anomalies in less than 40% of cases, while genetic problems were detected in 2.5%; this rate is underestimated since chromosomal abnormalities sometimes appear as syndromes, so that in some diseases, genetic changes are not separated from other abnormalities, and since more than half (50.7%) of cases presenting polymalformative syndromes not survived 77% of cases i.e. (48.5% of deaths and 28.5% of FDIU) and an etiological study was not carried out. Conclusion: Antenatal ultrasound allows early detection and monitoring of the evolution of congenital malformations, and thus the possibility of ensuring early and adequate management of these anomalies from birth. In our context, it is necessary to develop a prenatal screening program for congenital anomalies and a network of reference centers for the management of these anomalies in order to improve their prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the frequency of major congenital anomalies in newborns delivered in three different hospitals of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Ittefaq Hospital Lahore and HITEC-IMS Taxilla. Period: Jan 2023 to November 2023. Methods: 205 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study from labour room of Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital Lahore, Ittefaq Hospital Lahore and HITEC-IMS Taxilla. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Demographic variables (name of mother, gender, birthweight and gestational age at birth) were recorded. Then neonates were admitted in NICU and evaluated for presence of congenital malformations including cardiovascular system defects, limb anomalies, genitourinary system, central nervous system and chromosomal anomalies. All data was entered in specially designed performa. Results: We found that overall gestational age was greater than 32 weeks with mean age of 37.190±2.00 weeks. Mean birth weight was 2.938±0.31 Kg. Frequency and percentage of patients according to gender was 60% males and 40% females. Major congenital malformation was seen in 2.9% patients. Among infants with major congenital malformations, cardiovascular system defects were seen in 33.3% infants, limb anomalies 16.7%, genitourinary system 16.7% and central nervous system defects were 33.3%. Parents of 67.7% of cases were cousins. It was observed that only 32.3% of the mothers had taken the recommended daily dose of folic acid in antenatal period. Conclusion: Central nervous system and cardiovascular system defects were the most prominent anomalies detected. Prenatal diagnosis may be helpful in decreasing mortality by offering early termination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital malformations constitute a serious problem of both medical and social nature. Cleft lip and/or palate represent the most common congenital anomaly of the face that is why it is essential to know the real frequency of the described phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to determine the frequency of cleft lip and/or palate and the types of malformations that occurred in Lodz city between the years 1981-2010. Our clinic has been carrying on the studies concerning the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate since 1981. The Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations has been operating in Poland since 1 April 1997. The team has managed to obtain data, from the Registry, concerning the total number of all live born infants and the number of children with cleft lip and/or palate, who were born in Lodz, between 1998 and 2010. In years 1981-2010, 319 children, in 210 952 live born infants, were born with cleft lip and/or palate in Lodz. The isolated cleft palate was observed more frequently in girls and the unilateral cleft of lip and palate in boys. In all three decades palate clefts are more common whereas bilateral lip, alveolus and palate clefts are more infrequent. A small tendency to decrease in actual cleft lip and/or palate frequency among children, in the period of 30 years, is observed in Lodz. Over the years it has still been observed that the isolated cleft palate is the most common type of defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is common in pregnancy and associated with increased risk of adverse effects for the neonate. Treatment and prevention options include antidepressant therapy. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on safety of mirtazapine during pregnancy and lactation. In 31 papers a total of 390 cases of neonates exposed to mirtazapine during pregnancy or lactation have been described. There might be an association between mirtazapine and spontaneous abortion, however, this might be attributable to underlying psychiatric disease. An increased risk of major neonatal malformations associated with mirtazapine in pregnancy has not been reported. Although one study showed a nearly significant increase in occurrence of respiratory problems and hypoglycaemia, no indication of causality could be given. No other significant adverse effects on neonates were reported. Limited available data, four papers on 11 exposed neonates, suggest that use of mirtazapine during breastfeeding is safe due to a low relative infant dose. High plasma levels might be associated with increased body weight and sleep. However, the reported data are too scarce to come to a clear assessment of the risk of mirtazapine in lactation. No information is available on the use of mirtazapine in pregnancy and Poor Neonatal Adaptation Syndrome (PNAS) or neurobehavioral development at an age over one year. In conclusion, mirtazapine seems to be safe in pregnancy, especially regarding incidence of congenital malformations. There are not enough data available to come to a conclusion on the safety of mirtazapine during lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chiari type 3 is a rare hindbrain malformation that has been reported in the literature primarily as case reports and case series. Radiological, pathophysiological and surgical definitions of the malformation are inconsistent in the literature and subsequently can be confusing, and outcomes have also been uniformly poor. The definition of this rare malformation will be clarified through a case presentation. Methods: A retrospective review of prior publications in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed looking for reports of 'Chiari 3 +/- malformation' and 'occipital encephalocele'. Relevant papers were reviewed and compiled into table format with associated descriptions of a Chiari type 3 malformation. A case illustration is presented with radiological and intraoperative imaging to reinforce and clarify the definition. Results: Upon review of the prior publications in the detail of the descriptions and imaging associated with each article, there is a wide range of variability in the description of what is considered a Chiari 3 malformation. Occipital, occipitocervical and high cervical defects have all been described as Chiari 3 malformation. Our case illustration presents a patient with an occipitocervical encephalocele with neural elements, which is the classic and accepted definition of the Chiari 3 malformation. Conclusion: Chiari type 3 is a rare congenital malformation, and prior publications describing this developmental disorder have not demonstrated a consensus in its definition. In addition, outcomes have traditionally been reported as poor. This case illustration of a Chiari type 3 enforces the definition of an occipitocervical encephalocele with hindbrain herniation, and with proper management not all Chiari 3 malformation patients have bad outcomes. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful surgical intervention of atresia ani-etdistal recti with agenesis of vulva in a heifer calf is reported in this paper. The calf aging 1-day was presented with a history of swelling at the perineal region. In clinical examination, both vulval and anal openings were found absent. Initial surgical operation under sedation and local anesthesia was done to correct these abnormalities. As a result, the calf could urinate, but attempted defecation was not successful. Surgical operation was done again at the anal region to resolve this condition. Post-operatively, tetracycline spray was applied on both surgical wounds immediately after surgery, and repeated twice daily for 10 days. Amoxicillin trihydrate (at 750 mg/kg bwt) and Phenylbutazone (at 400 mg/kg bwt) were administered intramuscularly once, and the treatment was repeated on every alternate day up to 10 days of post-surgery. Finally, the calf was able to urinate and defecate normally, and the surgical wounds healed uneventfully within 14 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to investigate the association of atretic cephalocele (AC) with sinus pericranii (SP) in order to improve the management of AC. Methods: Pediatric patients with AC who underwent repair surgeries were retrospectively analyzed. Anomalies including SP were evaluated using computed tomography angiography and venography (CTA/V) as well as magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Fourteen patients were identified, comprising of 5 males and 9 females. The AC was located interparietally in 8 cases and occipitally in 6 cases. Seven cases (50%) were found to be associated with SP, all of which did not involve major intracranial venous circulation. Five out of 8 parietal ACs (63%) were accompanied by SP, while 2 out of 6 occipital ACs (33%) exhibited SP. All of the SP associated with AC only contributed to a small portion of the venous outflow, and the repair surgeries were successfully performed without excessive bleeding. Conclusion: More than half of the ACs were associated with SP, with a higher prevalence in the parietal region compared to the occipital region. For the appropriate management of AC, preoperative investigation of SP using CT venography is considered important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Chronic diseases are notorious in the way that they interfere with many aspects of a child's development, and this holds true for children with Hirschsprung disease (HD). The present research aims to (1) determine whether the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of HD children differs from healthy paediatric populations; and (2) explore the relationship between HD children's HRQoL and psychosocial outcomes of parents. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey study design, children's HRQoL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), while parental psychosocial outcomes were measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and depression short-forms, Family Management Measure (FaMM), and Parent Experience of Child Illness. Surveys were administered over telephone to parents of 48 Australian children treated for HD (87.5% male, median age 4.5 years) during the period May to November 2021. Results: While postoperative HRQoL of HD children was comparable to that of healthy age-matched controls, psychosocial quality of life of HD children was significantly poorer (mean difference = 3.40, CI [0.05, 6.76]). All parental outcome measures were significantly correlated with the PedsQL (r = − 0.77–0.67, p < 0.05) in expected directions, with FaMM subscales (except parent mutuality) demonstrating the most variation (R2 = 0.41–0.59). Of note, 31.3% of parents reported moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety on the PROMIS. Conclusion: Despite overall positive results for children, parents reported elevated symptoms of anxiety. This study highlights the importance of long-term follow-up care for HD patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Diabetologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cancer risk in parents may be related to congenital malformations (CMs) in their children if they share genetic susceptibility or environmental exposure that may be teratogenic and carcinogenic. We conducted a population-based cohort study based on Danish register data. We identified 795,607 mothers and 781,424 fathers who had all their children between 1977 and 2007 in Denmark. Information on CM was obtained from the Danish Hospital Registry and information on cancer was obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry. Parents were followed from the birth of their first child until the diagnosis of cancer, death, emigration, or December 31, 2007. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios ( HRs) for cancer including cancer in specific organs in mothers and fathers. Overall, 75,701 (9.5%) mothers and 72,724 (9.3%) fathers had at least one child diagnosed with CMs within the first year of life. Neither mothers ( HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.04) nor fathers ( HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98-1.09) who had a child with a CM had a higher overall risk of cancer. Mothers ( HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58-1.00) or fathers ( HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.66-1.19) who had a child with a chromosomal malformation had a lower overall cancer risk. The findings also showed a higher risk for some specific types of cancer in parents who had children with a CM in the specific system. Some, or perhaps all, of these findings may be due to chance caused by multiple comparisons. We present all results on paper or online to provide clues for further research and to avoid publication bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gymnasium: Scientific Journal of Education, Sports & Health is the property of Alma Mater and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Open spina bifida is an uncommon malformation in animals, and there is a lack of imaging, clinical, and pathological characterisation of this condition in dogs. Objective: Open spina bifida is rarely observed in animals due to high levels of perinatal mortality and frequent euthanasia. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of spina bifida in a dog was diagnosed in‐utero and then followed post‐partum. Methods: A 3‐year‐old Poodle was presented with twin pregnancy. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of vertebral malformation and open spina bifida with myelomeningocele in one foetus. Conservative treatment was given but the puppy died 3 days after birth. Thereafter, anatomical and histopathological analysis of several organs was performed to characterise the disease. Results: When the twins were born, one puppy had a linear dorsal midline cutaneous defect extending from the level of vertebrae L2–L6. R Radiographic examination showed several congenital vertebral malformations involving the thoracic segment, lumbar segment, sacrum and scapula. Histopathological examinations confirmed the presence of open spina bifida and identified additional abnormalities in several internal organs. Conclusions: This case presents a complete characterisation of open spina bifida, before birth and after death, using imaging and histopathology techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: A congenital intrathoracic kidney (ITK) is a rare anomaly that is recognized to have four causes: renal ectopia with an intact diaphragm, diaphragmatic eventration, diaphragmatic hernia, and traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. We report a case of a prenatal-diagnosed ITK related to a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and conducted a systematic review of all cases of the prenatal diagnosis of this association. Case presentation: A fetal ultrasound scan at 22 gestational weeks showed left CDH and ITK, hyperechoic left lung parenchyma, and mediastinal shift. The fetal echocardiography and karyotype were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging at 30 gestational weeks confirmed the ultrasound suspicion of left CDH in association with bowel and left kidney herniation. The fetal growth, amniotic fluid, and Doppler indices remained within the normal range over time. The woman delivered the newborn via an at-term spontaneous vaginal delivery. The newborn was stabilized and underwent non-urgent surgical correction; the postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusions: CDH is the rarest cause of ITK; we found only eleven cases describing this association. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 29 ± 4 weeks and 4 days. There were seven cases of right and four cases of left CDH. There were associated anomalies in only three fetuses. All women delivered live babies, the herniated kidneys showed no functional damage after their surgical correction, and the prognosis was favorable after surgical repair. The prenatal diagnosis and counseling of this condition are important in planning adequate prenatal and postnatal management in order to improve neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]