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Aims: To present the longer‐term impact of multifactorial treatment of type 2 diabetes on self‐reported health status, diabetes‐specific quality of life, and diabetes treatment satisfaction at 10‐year follow up of the ADDITION‐Europe trial. Methods: The ADDITION‐Europe trial enrolled 3057 individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes from four centres [Denmark, the UK (Cambridge and Leicester) and the Netherlands], between 2001 and 2006. Participants were randomized at general practice level to intensive treatment or to routine care. The trial ended in 2009 and a 10‐year follow‐up was performed at the end of 2014. We measured self‐reported health status (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey and EQ‐5D), diabetes‐specific quality of life (Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire), and diabetes treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) at different time points during the study period. A mixed‐effects model was applied to estimate the effect of intensive treatment (intention‐to‐treat analyses) on patient‐reported outcome measures for each centre. Centre‐specific estimates were pooled using a fixed effects meta‐analysis. Results: There was no difference in patient‐reported outcome measures between the routine care and intensive treatment arms in this 10‐year follow‐up study [EQ‐5D: –0.01 (95% CI –0.03, 0.01); Physical Composite Score (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey): –0.27 (95% CI –1.11, 0.57), Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire: –0.01 (95% CI –0.11, 0.10); and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: –0.20 (95% CI –0.70, 0.29)]. Conclusions: Intensive, multifactorial treatment of individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes did not affect self‐reported health status, diabetes‐specific quality of life, or diabetes treatment satisfaction at 10‐year follow‐up compared to routine care. What's new?: The burden of diabetes and its treatment may cause psychosocial stress.Good metabolic control improves psychosocial well‐being.Identifying people early in the disease course through screening and introducing long‐term intensive treatment does not cause psychosocial harm.Clinicians and public health systems implementing early detection and intensive treatment protocols for type 2 diabetes do not need to worry that these may have a long‐term adverse impact on peoples' psychosocial well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We examined whether late evening food consumption was prospectively associated with the risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes in a large observational study of individuals with normoglycaemia. Methods: Participants were 2642 men and women with normoglycaemia (HbA1c < 39 mmol/mol; < 5.7%) from the Whitehall II study. Time of last eating episode (TLEE) before the examination day was assessed at baseline. We studied the associations of TLEE with 5‐year changes in HbA1c and risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 39 mmol/mol; ≥ 5.7%). Potential heterogeneity in the association between TLEE and prediabetes or diabetes was examined using recursive partitioning modelling for time‐to‐event outcomes. Results: There was a tendency of an overall association of TLEE with change in HbA1c but with little effect size [β per 1‐h increase in TLEE = 0.2 mmol/mol, 95% CI −0.0 to 0.3 (0.01%, −0.00 to 0.03); P = 0.055] and no association with the risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes (risk ratio per 1‐h increase in TLEE = 1.03, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.13; P = 0.511). According to the recursive partitioning modelling, women with HbA1c ≤ 36 mmol/mol and TLEE after 21:00 had a 1.51 times (95% CI 1.16 to 1.93) higher 5‐year risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes than those having their TLEE between 16:00 and 21:00 (35.4% vs. 23.5%; P = 0.003). Conclusions: There was no overall association of TLEE with the development of prediabetes or diabetes in the Whitehall II population. However, explorative analyses suggested that eating late in the evening was associated with increased risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes among women with good glycaemic control. Whether restricting late evening food consumption is effective and feasible for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes needs testing in randomized controlled trials. What's new?: Eating within a specific time window each day, i.e. time‐restricted eating, reduces cardiometabolic risk in rodents.In humans, timing of meal intake has acute effects on glucose regulation, but the long‐term effects of meal timing on diabetes risk are less clear.In 2642 men and women from the Whitehall II study, we found no associations between timing of last eating episode and 5‐year development of prediabetes or diabetes.However, explorative analyses suggested that late evening food consumption was associated with increased 5‐year risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes among women with good glycaemic control.Whether restricting late evening food consumption is effective and feasible for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes needs testing in randomized controlled trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy are common diabetic complications and independent predictors of cardiovascular disease. The glucose metabolite methylglyoxal has been suggested to play a causal role in the pathogeneses of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and possibly diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between serum methylglyoxal and diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in a subset of patients in the ADDITION-Denmark study with short-term screen-detected Type 2 diabetes (duration ~ 5.8 years). Methods The patients were well controlled with regard to HbA1c, lipids and blood pressure. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was assessed by measures of resting heart rate variability and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was assessed by vibration detection threshold ( n = 319), 10 g monofilament ( n = 543) and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire ( n = 966). Painful diabetic neuropathy was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory short form ( n = 882). Results No associations between methylglyoxal and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests or any measures of diabetic peripheral neuropathy or painful diabetic neuropathy were observed. However, a positive association between methylglyoxal and several heart rate variability indices was observed, although these associations were not statistically significant when corrected for multiple testing. Conclusion Serum methylglyoxal is not associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy or painful diabetic neuropathy in this cohort of well-treated patients with short-term diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Modulation of dopamine receptor D2 ( DRD2) activity affects insulin secretion in both rodents and isolated pancreatic β-cells. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DRD2/ ANKK1 locus may affect susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes in humans. Methods Four potentially functional variants in the coding region of the DRD2/ ANKK1 locus (rs1079597, rs6275, rs6277, rs1800497) were genotyped and analysed for Type 2 diabetes susceptibility in up to 25 000 people (8148 with Type 2 diabetes and 17687 control subjects) from two large independent Dutch cohorts and one Danish cohort. In addition, 340 Dutch subjects underwent a 2-h hyperglycaemic clamp to investigate insulin secretion. Since sexual dimorphic associations related to DRD2 polymorphisms have been previously reported, we also performed a gender-stratified analysis. Results rs1800497 at the DRD2/ ANKK1 locus was associated with a significantly increased risk for Type 2 diabetes in women (odds ratio 1.14 (1.06-1.23); P = 4.1*10−4) but not in men (odds ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.93-1.07); P = 0.92) or the combined group. Although rs1800497 was not associated with insulin secretion, we did find another single nucleotide polymorphism in this locus, rs6275, to be associated with increased first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in women ( P = 5.5*10−4) but again not in men ( P = 0.34). Conclusion The present data identify DRD2/ ANKK1 as a potential sex-specific Type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]