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Background: Use of maternal near-miss (MNM) cases as an adjunct has been advocated to understand the processes of obstetric care because they share similar pathways as maternal deaths. Identifying the predictors and care pathway is crucial to improve the quality of care and end preventable maternal deaths. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care facility in Kolkata from May 2019 to March 2020. Women admitted with complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of postpartum, who met the World Health Organization (WHO) near-miss criteria, were identified as cases, and equivalent age-group matched controls were recruited. Sample size of 60 cases and 60 controls was estimated, assuming a power of 80%, level of significance 0.05, and case–control ratio of 1. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed written consent from the participants, data was collected through face-to-face interview and review of records. Statistical analysis including care pathway analysis (using three-delay model) was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Results: Joint family type (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [CI] = 5.06 [1.48, 7.28]), lack of antenatal checkups (AOR [CI] = 7.85 [1.47, 12.09]), previous history of cesarean section (AOR [CI] = 3.94 [1.09, 14.33]), first delay in seeking care (AOR [CI] = 13.84 [3.62, 32.83]), and preexisting medical disorders (AOR [CI] = 11.03 [4.62, 22.80]) were identified as significant predictors of MNM in the adjusted model. Significant difference in the proportion of first and second delays in the care pathway was observed between cases and controls. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors of MNM and pattern of delays in the care pathway will help improving quality of obstetric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Tobacco smoking is one of the preventable causes of death. Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2 report showed that 19% Indian males were current smokers. It is important to find out factors which help smokers on smoking cessation, ultimately to prevent of lung and other morbidities. There are few community-based studies on intention and attempt to quit smoking in rural area. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with intention and attempt to quit smoking among current smokers. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2019 among 198 male daily smokers residing in the rural field practice area of AllH and PH, Kolkata. Subjects and Methods: After cluster sampling, data were collected by predesigned schedule by the face-to-face interview. Results: 151 (76.3%) study subjects intended to quit smoking. 63 (31.8%) study subjects attempted to quit in last 1 year. Thirty-one (47.5%) showed high-to-medium nicotine dependence. There was a significant association of intention to quit with agriculture as occupation (acquisitive crime [AOR]-2.17, confidence interval [CI]-1.01--4.63), low nicotine dependence (AOR-2.98, CI-1.43--6.21), doctor's advice (AOR = 2.84, CI-1.27--6.33), and family pressure (AOR = 2.16, CI-1.07--4.38). Attempt to quit was significantly associated with low nicotine dependence (AOR = 5.85, CI-2.85--12.00), family pressure (AOR = 2.94, CI-1.47--5.91). Conclusion: Along with counseling to reduce nicotine dependence, comprehensive approach both from family members as well as health care providers, is vital to escalate the quitting behaviour in smoking habit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]