13 results on '"RATE of return"'
Search Results
2. Effective ways to retain first-time blood donors: a field-trial study.
- Author
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Hashemi, Shirin, Maghsudlu, Mahtab, Nasizadeh, Soheila, Esmaielifar, Gilda, and Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar
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BLOOD donors , *RATE of return , *TELEPHONE calls , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CONTROL groups - Abstract
Background: Regular blood donors are the cornerstone of blood safety. Understanding the donors' behavior to donate blood improves blood donor retention programs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the return rate of first-time blood donors following different interventions to identify effective ways to retain first-time donors.Study Design and Methods: The study was conducted on 1356 first-time blood donors at four main blood centers in Iran. The donors were randomly assigned based on different interventions (phone calls, educational letter, emotional letter, incentive, motivational meeting, and no intervention) to six groups. The return rate of donors was defined as a second attempt to donate within 6 months after the first donation. Return rate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and compared among different groups.Results: A total of 394 (29%) donors returned within 6 months for a second donation (95% CI, 0.26-0.31). The return rate in the emotional letter group, educational letter, phone reminder, incentives, motivational meeting, and control groups was 36% (95% CI, 0.31-0.42), 33.2% (95% CI, 0.27-0.38), 31.5% (95% CI, 0.25-0.37), 30% (95% CI, 0.22-0.38), 22% (95% CI, 0.17-0.27) and 22.1% (95% CI, 0.17-0.27), respectively.Conclusions: This study provides evidence supporting the fact that more first-time blood donors can be motivated to donate again by implementing targeted interventions. It demonstrates that emotional letters, educational letters, and phone reminders were effective in improving the return rate of first-time donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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3. Cost‐effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios in Spain: results from the EQUIPTMOD.
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Trapero‐Bertran, Marta, Muñoz, Celia, Coyle, Kathryn, Coyle, Doug, Lester‐George, Adam, Leidl, Reiner, Németh, Bertalan, Cheung, Kei‐Long, Pokhrel, Subhash, and Lopez‐Nicolás, Ángel
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COST effectiveness , *SMOKING cessation , *MARKOV processes , *RATE of return , *SMOKING laws , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *ECONOMICS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RESEARCH funding , *HEALTH insurance reimbursement , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ALTERNATIVE treatment for substance abuse ,SPAIN. National Health Service - Abstract
Abstract: Aims: To assess the cost‐effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios from the perspective of the Spanish National Health Service (NHS). Design: We used the European study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco model (EQUIPTMOD), a Markov‐based state transition economic model, to estimate the return on investment (ROI) of: (a) the current provision of smoking cessation services (brief physician advice and printed self‐helped material + smoking ban and tobacco duty at current levels); and (b) four alternative scenarios to complement the current provision: coverage of proactive telephone calls; nicotine replacement therapy (mono and combo) [prescription nicotine replacement therapy (Rx NRT)]; varenicline (standard duration); or bupropion. A rate of 3% was used to discount life‐time costs and benefits. Setting: Spain. Participants: Adult smoking population (16+ years). Measurements: Health‐care costs associated with treatment of smoking attributable diseases (lung cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary infection and stroke); intervention costs; quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs and outcomes were summarized using various ROI estimates. Findings: The cost of implementing the current provision of smoking cessation services is approximately €61 million in the current year. This translates to 18 quitters per 1000 smokers and a life‐time benefit–cost ratio of 5, compared with no such provision. All alternative scenarios were dominant (cost‐saving: less expensive to run and generated more QALYs) from the life‐time perspective, compared with the current provision. The life‐time benefit–cost ratios were: 1.87 (proactive telephone calls); 1.17 (Rx NRT); 2.40 (varenicline‐standard duration); and bupropion (2.18). The results remained robust in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: According to the EQUIPTMOD modelling tool it would be cost‐effective for the Spanish authorities to expand the reach of existing GP brief interventions for smoking cessation, provide pro‐active telephone support, and reimburse smoking cessation medication to smokers trying to stop. Such policies would more than pay for themselves in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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4. Cost‐effectiveness of increasing the reach of smoking cessation interventions in Germany: results from the EQUIPTMOD.
- Author
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Huber, Manuel B., Präger, Maximilian, Coyle, Kathryn, Coyle, Doug, Lester‐George, Adam, Trapero‐Bertran, Marta, Nemeth, Bertalan, Cheung, Kei Long, Stark, Renee, Vogl, Matthias, Pokhrel, Subhash, and Leidl, Reiner
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COST effectiveness , *SMOKING cessation , *RATE of return , *MARKOV processes , *MEDICAL care , *PROBABILITY theory , *VARENICLINE , *ECONOMICS , *THERAPEUTICS , *DISEASE risk factors , *SOCIAL support , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HUMAN behavior & society - Abstract
Abstract: Aims: To evaluate costs, effects and cost‐effectiveness of increased reach of specific smoking cessation interventions in Germany. Design: A Markov‐based state transition return on investment model (EQUIPTMOD) was used to evaluate current smoking cessation interventions as well as two prospective investment scenarios. A health‐care perspective (extended to include out‐of‐pocket payments) with life‐time horizon was considered. A probabilistic analysis was used to assess uncertainty concerning predicted estimates. Setting: Germany. Participants: Cohort of current smoking population (18+ years) in Germany. Interventions: Interventions included group‐based behavioural support, financial incentive programmes and varenicline. For prospective scenario 1 the reach of group‐based behavioral support, financial incentive programme and varenicline was increased by 1% of yearly quit attempts (= 57 915 quit attempts), while prospective scenario 2 represented a higher reach, mirroring the levels observed in England. Measurements: EQUIPTMOD considered reach, intervention cost, number of quitters, quality‐of‐life years (QALYs) gained, cost‐effectiveness and return on investment. Findings: The highest returns through reduction in smoking‐related health‐care costs were seen for the financial incentive programme (€2.71 per €1 invested), followed by that of group‐based behavioural support (€1.63 per €1 invested), compared with no interventions. Varenicline had lower returns (€1.02 per €1 invested) than the other two interventions. At the population level, prospective scenario 1 led to 15 034 QALYs gained and €27 million cost‐savings, compared with current investment. Intervention effects and reach contributed most to the uncertainty around the return‐on‐investment estimates. At a hypothetical willingness‐to‐pay threshold of only €5000, the probability of being cost‐effective is approximately 75% for prospective scenario 1. Conclusions: Increasing the reach of group‐based behavioural support, financial incentives and varenicline for smoking cessation by just 1% of current annual quit attempts provides a strategy to German policymakers that improves the population's health outcomes and that may be considered cost‐effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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5. The cost-effectiveness and return-on-investment of a combined social and physical environmental intervention in office employees.
- Author
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van Dongen, J. M., Coffeng, J. K., van Wier, M. F., Boot, C. R. L., Hendriksen, I. J. M., van Mechelen, W., Bongers, P. M., van der Beek, A. J., Bosmans, J. E., and van Tulder, M. W.
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CORPORATE environmentalism ,RATE of return ,INTERVENTION (Social services) ,HEALTH promotion ,COST effectiveness ,JOB satisfaction ,JOB stress prevention ,SICK leave ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,INTERIOR decoration ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RELAXATION for health ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,WORK environment ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,JOB performance ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EVALUATION research ,MOTIVATIONAL interviewing ,PHYSICAL activity ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,DATA analysis software ,PRESENTEEISM (Labor) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This study explored the cost-effectiveness and return-on-investment of a combined social and physical environmental worksite health promotion program compared with usual practice, and of both intervention conditions separately. Participants were randomized to the combined intervention (n = 92), social environmental intervention (n = 118), physical environmental intervention (n = 96), or control group (n = 106). The social environmental intervention consisted of group motivational interviewing and the physical environmental intervention of workplace modifications. Both interventions were aimed at improving physical activity and relaxation. Effects included need for recovery (NFR), general vitality and job satisfaction. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed from the societal and employer's perspective, and return-on-investment analyses from the employer's perspective. Compared with usual practice, the combined intervention was significantly more effective in improving NFR (-8.4;95% CI:-14.6;-2.2) and significantly more expensive to the employer (3102; 95%CI:598;5969). All other between-group differences were non-significant. For NFR, the combined intervention became the preferred option at willingness-to-pays of ≥€170/point improvement (society) and ≥€300/point improvement (employer). For general vitality and job satisfaction, the interventions' maximum probabilities of cost-effective were low (≤0.55). All interventions had a negative return-on-investment. The combined intervention may be cost-effective for NFR depending on the decision-makers' willingness-to-pay. Both separate interventions are not cost-effective for NFR. All interventions were neither cost-effective for general vitality and job satisfaction, nor cost-saving to the employer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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6. Generalized confidence interval for the scale parameter of the power-law process with incomplete failure data.
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Chumnaul, Jularat and Sepehrifar, Mohammad
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POWER law (Mathematics) , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RATE of return , *CONFIDENCE regions (Mathematics) , *FAILURE analysis - Abstract
Abstract System testing is very time-consuming and costly, especially for complex high-cost and high-reliability systems. For this reason, the numbers of failures needed for the developmental phase of system testing should be relatively small in general. To assess reliability growth of a repairable system, the generalized confidence interval for the scale parameter of the power-law process is studied concerning incomplete failure data. Specifically, some recorded failure times in the early developmental phase of system testing cannot be observed; this circumstance is essential to establish a warranty period or determine a maintenance phase for repairable systems. The simulation results show that the proposed generalized confidence interval is not a biased estimate even for small numbers of failures, and it provides the confidence intervals that have short average widths. Therefore, the proposed method is practically useful to save business costs and time during the developmental phase of system testing since only small numbers of failures are required, and it yields precise results. Additionally, the superiority of the proposed method is presented via a numerical study using two real examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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7. REVERSE REGRESSIONS AND LONG-HORIZON FORECASTING.
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Wei, Min and Wright, Jonathan H.
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REGRESSION analysis ,ECONOMIC forecasting ,PARAMETER estimation ,RATE of return ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ECONOMIC structure ,RATE of return on stocks - Abstract
Long-horizon predictive regressions in finance pose formidable econometric problems when estimated using avail-able sample sizes. Hodrick in 1992 proposed a remedy that is based on running a reverse regression of short-horizon returns on the long-run mean of the predictor. Unfortunately, this only allows the null of no predictability to be tested, and assumes stationary regressors. In this paper, we revisit long-horizon forecasting from reverse regressions, and argue that reverse regression methods avoid serious size distortions in long-horizon predictive regressions, even when there is some predictability and/or near unit roots. Meanwhile, the reverse regression meth-odology has the practical advantage of being easily applicable when there are many predictors. We apply these methods to forecasting excess bond returns using the term structure of forward rates, and find that there is indeed some return forecastability. However, confidence intervals for the coefficients of the predictive regressions are about twice as wide as those obtained with the conventional approach to inference. We also include an application to forecasting excess stock returns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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8. Stock market crashes in 2007–2009: were we able to predict them?
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Lleo, Sébastien and Ziemba, WilliamT.
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BONDS (Finance) , *STOCKS (Finance) , *GOVERNMENT securities , *ASSET allocation , *RATE of return , *STOCK exchanges , *CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
The article focuses on the bond stock earnings yield differential (BSEYD) model, which relates the yield on stocks to the yield on nominal Treasury bonds. It says that an optimal asset allocation between bonds and stocks is related to their relative yields. It mentions that the BSEYD model causes an equity market correction if the market adjustment is large. It adds that the standard confidence intervals based on a Gaussian assumption proved inaccuracy.
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- 2012
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9. ZASTOSOWANIE STATYSTYCZNYCH INDEKSÓW ŁAŃCUCHOWYCH DO OCENY PRZECIĘTNEGO ZWROTU GRUPY OFE.
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Białek, Jacek
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PENSION trusts ,RATE of return ,ECONOMIC indicators ,GROUP theory ,SUPPLY chains ,MATHEMATICAL formulas ,CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
10. Return to Sport After Surgical Management of Proximal Hamstring Avulsions
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Jeffrey Kay, Ajaykumar Shanmugaraj, Leen Naji, Olufemi R. Ayeni, Ryan P. Coughlin, and Muzammil Memon
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,MEDLINE ,Hamstring Muscles ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Confidence Intervals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Rupture ,Rate of return ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Return to Sport ,Meta-analysis ,Athletic Injuries ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,human activities ,Hamstring - Abstract
Objective To assess the rates and timing of return to sport for the surgical management of proximal hamstring avulsions (PHAs). Methods Three databases, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, were searched from database inception until October 7, 2017, by 2 reviewers independently and in duplicate. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting return to sport outcomes for surgical management of acute, chronic, complete, and partial PHA. The rate of return to sports was combined in a meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effects model. Results Overall, 21 studies with a total of 846 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 41.4 years (range, 14-71 years) and a mean follow-up of 37.8 months (range, 6-76 months). Two studies were of prospective comparative design (level II), 2 were retrospective comparative (level III), 8 were prospective case series (level IV), and 9 were retrospective case series (level IV). The overall mean time to return to sport was 5.8 months (range, 1-36 months). The pooled rate of return to any sport participation was 87% [95% confidence interval (CI), 77%-95%]. The pooled rate of return to preinjury level of sport was 77% (95% CI, 66%-86%). Conclusions Pooled results suggest a high rate of return to sport after surgical management of PHA; however, this was associated with a lower preinjury level of sport. No major differences in return to sport were found between partial versus complete and acute versus chronic PHA.
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- 2018
11. Systematic Behavior in Real Estate Investment Risk: Performance Persistence in NCREIF Returns.
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Young, Michael S. and Graff, Richard A.
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REAL estate business ,REAL property ,INVESTMENTS ,PORTFOLIO management (Investments) ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,RATE of return ,RISK assessment ,LAND use - Abstract
Serial dependence of total annual returns in the NCREIF database is shown to be statistically significant in the first and fourth quartiles of disaggregated data between 1978 and 1994. More precisely, superior performance is generally followed by continued superior performance, and inferior performance is generally followed by continued inferior performance. In contrast, there is virtually no evidence to support serial dependence in the second or third quartiles, whether combined or taken separately. The empirical rejection of serial independence among real estate returns calls into question the conclusions of research based upon models that incorporate the assumption of serial independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1996
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12. ON ESTIMATING SKEWNESS IN STOCK RETURNS.
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Lau, Hon-Shiang, Wingender, John R., and Hing-Ling Lau, Amy
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FINANCE literature ,STOCK exchanges ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,LOGNORMAL distribution ,MANAGEMENT science ,STATISTICS education ,FINANCE education ,RATE of return ,STOCKS (Finance) - Abstract
In recent years skewness has become a much-discussed factor in financial research, and many studies/models involve the skewness of various financial variables. This paper (i) points out the universal neglect in the finance literature of skewness' sampling error and its significant consequences; (ii) presents a simple approach for roughly constructing a confidence interval for skewness estimated from lognormal populations; (iii) points out directions of further research for developing a comprehensive approach for estimating skewness reliably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1989
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13. Low discard survival of gray triggerfish in the southeastern US hook-and-line fishery.
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Runde, Brendan J., Rudershausen, Paul J., Sauls, Beverly, Mikles, Chloe S., and Buckel, Jeffrey A.
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FISH tagging , *FISHERIES , *RATE of return , *CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
We estimated condition-specific survival rates of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) using a tag-recapture approach and extrapolated these values to produce an overall discard survival estimate for the US South Atlantic recreational hook-and-line fishery. Tag return rates of fish tagged at the seafloor using SCUBA served as a reference for return rates of fish tagged at the surface. We examined the validity of gross necropsy as a proxy for survival by identifying likely causes of discard mortality. Best-condition surface-released fish (no external trauma) had an estimated mean proportional survival of 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 0.55). For gray triggerfish exhibiting visible trauma, estimated survival was 0.24 (0.10, 0.60). Floating fish had a survival rate of zero. The necropsy-based estimate of gray triggerfish lacking organ displacement closely matched the tag-based estimate of survival. Mean estimated discard survival across all depths for North Carolina was 0.35 (0.10, 0.59) and for Florida was 0.34 (0.08, 0.59). These results have implications for gray triggerfish management because our estimate of discard survival is substantially lower than previously assumed and for future discard survival research given our findings with gross necropsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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