1. Assessment of association between smoking and all-cause mortality among Malaysian adult population: Findings from a retrospective cohort study.
- Author
-
Kuang Hock Lim, Yoon Ling Cheong, Hui Li Lim, Chee Cheong Kee, Ghazali, Sumarni Mohd, Singh, Balvinder Singh Gill Pradmahan, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Hashim, Mohd Hazilas Mat, Yong Kang Cheah, and Jia Hui Lim
- Subjects
- *
CAUSES of death , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *NON-communicable diseases , *PATIENT aftercare , *CLUSTER sampling , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *REGRESSION analysis , *DISEASE prevalence , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *CHI-squared test , *SMOKING , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *DATA analysis software , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *ADULTS - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is a known risk factor for many chronic diseases. Illness and death due to smoking are a significant public health burden in many countries. This study aims to address the information gap in smoking-related mortality in Malaysia by estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortalities due to smoking among Malaysian adults. METHODS We analyzed data on 2525 respondents, aged 24-64 years, of the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance survey conducted September 2005 to February 2006. Mortality records from the Malaysian National Registration Department were linked to the MYNCDS-1 data to determine respondents' mortality status over 12 years from 2006 to 2018. Associations between smoking and all-cause mortalities were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustments for non-communicable disease and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS The prevalence of daily smoking was 21.2% (95% CI: 19.0-23.7). During the 31668 person-years follow-up, 213 deaths from all causes occurred, where 68 deaths were among smokers (13.2%), and 452 were among non-smokers (6.3%). Smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ration, AHR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.12- 2.97). These associations remained significant after excluding mortalities in the first two years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Daily smoking is associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause death. Behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation interventions should be intensified among smokers to reduce the risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF