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Objectives: To measure in vivo 3D accuracy of backward‐planned partially guided implant surgery (PGIS) based on dental magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Material and Methods: Thirty‐four patients underwent dMRI examinations. Tooth‐supported templates were backward planned using standard dental software, 3D‐printed, and placed intraorally during a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. Treatment plans were verified for surgical viability in CBCT, and implants were placed with guiding of the pilot drill. High‐precision impressions were taken after healing. The 3D accuracy of 41 implants was evaluated by comparing the virtually planned and definitive implant positions with respect to implant entry point, apex, and axis. Deviations from the dMRI‐based implant plans were compared with the maximum deviations calculated for a typical single implant. Results: Twenty‐eight implants were placed as planned in dMRI. Evaluation of 3D accuracy revealed mean deviations (99% confidence intervals) of 1.7 ± 0.9mm (1.2–2.1mm) / 2.3 ± 1.1mm (1.8–2.9 mm) / 7.1 ± 4.8° (4.6–9.6°) for entry point / apex / axis. The maximum deviations calculated for the typical single implant surpassed the upper bounds of the 99% CIs for the apex and axis, but not for the entry point. In the 13 other implants, dMRI‐based implant plans were optimized after CBCT. Here, deviations between the initial dMRI plan and definitive implant position were only in part higher than in the unaltered group (1.9 ± 1.7 mm [0.5–3.4 mm] / 2.5 ± 1.5 mm [1.2–3.8 mm] / 6.8 ± 3.8° [3.6–10.1°] for entry point / apex / axis). Conclusions: The 3D accuracy of dMRI‐based PGIS was lower than that previously reported for CBCT‐based PGIS. Nonetheless, the values seem promising to facilitate backward planning without ionizing radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the geometric reproducibility of three-dimensional (3D) implant planning based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Four raters used a backward-planning approach based on CBCT imaging and standard software to position 41 implants in 27 patients. Implant planning was repeated, and the first and second plans were analyzed for geometric differences regarding implant tip, entry-level, and axis. The procedure was then repeated for MRI data of the same patients. Thus, 656 implant plans were available for analysis of intra-rater reproducibility. For both imaging modalities, the second-round 3D implant plans were re-evaluated regarding inter-rater reproducibility. Differences between the modalities were analyzed using paired t-tests. Intra- and inter-rater reproducibility were higher for CBCT than for MRI. Regarding intra-rater deviations, mean values for MRI were 1.7 ± 1.1 mm/1.5 ± 1.1 mm/5.5 ± 4.2° at implant tip/entry-level/axis. For CBCT, corresponding values were 1.3 ± 0.8 mm/1 ± 0.6 mm/4.5 ± 3.1°. Inter-rater comparisons revealed mean values of 2.2 ± 1.3 mm/1.7 ± 1 mm/7.5 ± 4.9° for MRI, and 1.7 ± 1 mm/1.2 ± 0.7 mm/6 ± 3.7° for CBCT. CBCT-based implant planning was more reproducible than MRI. Nevertheless, more research is needed to increase planning reproducibility—for both modalities—thereby standardizing 3D implant planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]