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We report a green laser at 532 nm generation by intracavity frequency doubling of a continuous wave (CW) laser operation of a 1064 nm Nd:Y0.36Gd0.64VO4 laser under in-band diode pumping at 880 nm. An GdCa4O(BO3)3 (GdCOB) crystal, cut for critical type I phase matching at room temperature is used for second harmonic generation of the laser. At an incident pump power of 17.8 W, as high as 2.92 W of CW output power at 532 nm is achieved. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is up to 16.4%, and the fluctuation of the green output power was better than 2.5% in the given 30 min.

We describe the output performances of the 930 nm 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 transition in Nd3+:YAlO3 (Nd:YAP) under in-band pumping with diode laser at the 803 nm wavelength. An end-pumped Nd:YAP crystal yielded 1.13 W of continuous-wave (CW) output power for 17.8 W of incident pump power. Moreover, intracavity second-harmonic generation has also been achieved with a power of 172 mW at 465 nm by using a LiB3O5 (LBO) nonlinear crystal. The blue beam quality factor M2 was less than 1.3. The blue power stability was less 3% in 60 min.

Efficient continuous-wave intracavity frequency doubling of a diode-end-pumped Yb:Y2SiO5 laser operating at 1003.4 nm has been demonstrated for the first time. With 18.3 W of diode pump power and the frequency-doubling crystal LiB3O5 (LBO), as high as 239 mW of continuous-wave output power at 501.7 nm is achieved. The output power stability over 30 min is better than 2.8%. The laser beam quality M2 factors are 1.85 and 2.13 in both horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively.

We describe the output performances of the 928 nm 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 transition in Nd:CLNGG under diode-laser pumping. An end-pumped Nd:CLNGG crystal yielded 1.3 W of continuous-wave output power for 17.8 W of absorbed pump power. The slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 11.2%. Furthermore, with 17.8 W of diode pump power and the frequency-doubling crystal LiB3O5 (LBO), a maximum output power of 260 mW in the blue spectral range at 464 nm has been achieved. The blue output power stability over 4 h is better than 3.2%.

We report an efficiency Nd:CNGG laser operating at 1061 and 1329 nm, respectively, direct pumped by a diode laser at 885 nm for the first time to our knowledge. The maximum outputs of 4.5 and 2.9 W, at 1061 and 1329 nm, respectively, are obtained in a 6-mm-thick 0.5 at % Nd:CNGG crystal with 13.5 W of absorbed pump power at 885 nm, leading to a high slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power of 32.2 and 22.1%. Under traditional pumping at 808 nm, the maximum outputs of 3.9 and 2.7 W, at 1061 and 1329 nm, respectively, are obtained with 15.4 W of absorbed pump power, corresponding to the slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power of 25.2 and 17.9%.

We report for the first time a coherent radiation at 554.7 nm by intracavity sum-frequency generation of 946 nm Nd:YAG laser and 1341 nm Nd:YAP laser. Yellow-green laser is obtained by using a doubly folded cavity, type-II critical phase matching KTP crystal sum-frequency mixing. With total pump power of 36.1 W (17.8 W pump power for 1341 nm Nd:YAP laser and 18.3 W pump power for 946 nm Nd:YAG laser), TEM00 mode yellow-green laser at 554.7 nm of 1.43 W is obtained.

A diode-pumped Nd3+:YAlO3 (Nd:YAP) laser emitting at 1339 nm is described. At the incident pump power of 17.8 W, as high as 3.4 W of continuous-wave (CW) output power at 1339 nm is achieved. The slope efficiency with respect to the incident pump power was 23.6%. The output power stability over 60 min is better than 3.5%. The laser beam quality M2 factor is 1.33.

We study the linear orbital magnetic response of quantum dots as a function of the number of electrons in the dot assuming a two-dimensional parabolic confining potential. We discuss the orientational paramagnetism and precession diamagnetism and show that each provides insights into the role of electron-electron interactions in the dot. We also study the response of three electrons in a strong magnetic field. Treating the Coulomb interaction as a perturbation, we find that the total angular momentum undergoes a continuous transition as a function of the magnetic-field strength, which results in the oscillations of electron-spin magnetization. We find no evidence that the interaction leads to spin polarization without the account of the Zeeman term