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Cellulose acetate is a promising thermoplastic polymer to be developed since it has some characteristics, among others are easy to be formed, non-toxic, high stability, and its raw materials are renewable. The most used source of cellulose acetate raw material is bacterial cellulose because bacterial cellulose has the higher purity and the process cost is lower rather than plant cellulose. Nowadays, the production of bacterial cellulose is highly developed using coconut water media. Nevertheless, coconut water costs expensive and the supply is rare. Materials that are being potential to be developed as raw materials of bacterial cellulose through fermentation process is palm flour liquid wasted since it contains high amounts of carbon and nitrogen. This study began with the synthesis of bacterial cellulose from palm flour oil liquid waste and coconut water using Acetobacter xylinum bacteria and then cellulose acetate is synthesized through an acetylation reaction. This study aims to determine the optimum acetylation time on its performance as a reinforcement filler to be applied as a packaging material. Based on the results of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis on predetermined variables, it resulted particles in the form of bacterial cellulose and cellulose acetate with the highest yield of cellulose acetate at 3 hours of acetylation was 94.74%.

In this study the effect of Chitosan-PLA (CH-PLA) film enriching with cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and ginger essential oil (GEO) were analyzed to investigate the mechanical and antibacterial properties. Resulting were improved the tensile strength (TS) effect of CEO and GEO addition to CH-PLA film by decrease about 47.39% for CEO and 66.85% for GEO compared to the film without essential oil. Blending CEO and GEO into CH-PLA film can also increase with increasing essential oil. CEO and GEO oil can increase 2.95 and 2.9 of elongation percentage compared to the film without essential oil on 2%of essential oil. CH-PLA film containing additional of CEO and GEO had no important effect on the CH-PLA film thickness. The film thickness for each essential oil composition varied from 0.10 to 0.13 m, while CH-PLA film containing CEO and GEO decrease total weight loss and bacterial population of milkfish satay compared with uncoated and coated without EO milkfish satay.

Recently, drug nanoparticles formulation using Poly Lactic Acid-Cellulose nanocrystal (PLA-CNC) have been introduced. PLA-CNC were prepared by emulsion method for antidiabetic drug delivery applications. PLA is one of polymer which potentially used as raw material of drug delivery because it has the ability to bind and carry drugs into cell target, but the hydrophilic character of PLA can cause the degradation of PLA in the body run slowly, so it is necessary combining PLA with CNC to improve its property. In this study, special attention has been given to the modification of PLA-CNC as a drug delivery matrix to obtain the optimum drug release of antidiabetic drugs. In this study drug release analysis was conducted at 35-39 °C and pH range 3 to 9 with varied of time dissolution 0 to 180 min. PLA-CNC matrixs were characterized using FTIR and SEM, its drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior was determined by using UV spectrophotometer. It gave the initial burst release at the first hour at 37 °C pH 3.

Using inhibitors becomes an alternative way to reduce the level of corrosion. One type of the inhibitors proven effective is inorganic or chemical inhibitors. Regarding this, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of chemical inhibitors in reducing the level of corrosion. This study showed that the addition of natrium acetate and natrium was proven effective in reducing the corrosion, with the level of inhibitor efficiency of 75%. The result also showed that the inhibitors gave good performance to inhibit corrosion attack in natrium chloride acid medium, the form of corrosion that occurs in API 5L material is uniform corrosion.