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The interaction of the functional groups in the polyurethane foam adsorbent Penopurm® with the cations of some 3d-metals upon their extraction from aqueous solutions has been studied by atomic emission spectroscopy, UV/Vis and vibrational IR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical simulation using density functional theory. Penopurm® absorbs 3d-metal cations from aqueous solutions in the pH range 5–7. Some spectral criteria have been found indicating a predominant interaction of Ni2+ ions with various fragments of the polyurethane foam structure.

Physicomechanical and electrophysical characteristics of a polyurethane composite doped with carbon-containing materials have been investigated. It has been found that the roughness of the sample’s surface and also the porosity increase with the concentration of the dopant. Volt-ampere characteristics of composite materials point to the activated type of conductivity in these materials; however, at a temperature of nearly 340 K, the type of conductivity is changed. Also, the frequency dependence of the conductivity has been established.

We have studied the vibrational spectra and thermal curves (DTA, DTG, and TG) for the products of reaction between total shale phenols and boric acid, and also the polymer matrix of a gas-filled alkyl resorcinol polymer modified by mixtures of boric acid and aluminum oxide. Based on analysis of the IR absorption spectra, we show that the reason for the change in the physicochemical properties of the foam polymer is complex formation between the polymer and the additive.

In the approximation for the valence force field with quantum-chemical estimation of the intensities of the absorption bands of IR spectra, calculation of the main spectral-structural and energy characteristics of dioxy-benzenes is performed. This made it possible to suggest energetically more favorable conformations and assign the frequencies of normal vibrations to individual types of symmetry.

We present data on the relationship between the strength and hardness of vacuum condensates of aluminium, copper and Cu-Al alloys and the structure formed as a result of the combined effect of the main parameters of the deposition process (the rate of condensation, pressure, temperature, crucible material and substrate). The mechanical strength of the condensates is discussed from the viewpoint of their contribution to strengthening the compact grain structure, the initial dislocation density and the rate of accumulation during plastic deformation. We propose a formula which is convenient for numerical calculation and which relates the concentration of the element in the condensate to the composition of the evaporated binary alloy. We also present values for the thermodynamics activities of copper and aluminium in the melt, which were obtained by analysing the composition of the condensate at different stages of formation. New data are presented on the phase state of Cu-Al and Cu-Sn films which indicate a reduction of the solubility of aluminium in copper to 3–5 wt.% at 20–400°C, and we give data on the mutual diffusion coefficients D in Cu-Al condensates, which exceed by 3–6 orders of magnitude the D values of the massive analogues.