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A wide range of propellants, and propulsion systems in space exploration by aircrafts or space vehicles was studied, developed, investigated, and commercialized. Liquid, solid, or hybrid propellants have been used for rocket’s launches. In this review, a consistent definition of space propulsion systems, including solid, liquid and hybrid has been given with up-to-date state of developments. A comparison of their performances was made by theoretical and experimental specific impulses. On the other hand, ammonium perchlorate and hydrazine were used as propellants for rocket’s launches and for satellite’s maneuverings; respectively. However, their high toxicity and their storage problem pushed researchers and scientists to investigate and develop other eco-friendly, propellant systems, so called “green propellants”, for launch or reaction control systems of satellites.

Drinking water samples from eight districts of Almaty, Kazakhstan was collected and physical and chemical analysis of the samples was carried out. Quality indicators of drinking water, such as organoleptic characteristics of water (smell, taste, color, and turbidity), general characteristics (pH, total hardness, permanganate demand, and dry residue), inorganic substances (cations and anions) and contaminants (heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons) were determined, except pesticide residues which will be analyzed for further analysis with a wide range of pollutants. According to all indicators obtained for all districts of Almaty, the anthropogenic impact on drinking water in Almaty districts is assessed as low, not exceeding the permissible maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) values, and drinking water in Almaty corresponds to the approved standards and rules for drinking water of Kazakhstan. Despite of the fact that studied pollutants are below their MAC values, they still pose threat to public health due to their accumulative properties. The study of drinking water in the districts of Almaty made it possible to assess the ecological state in the studied districts of Almaty, as well as to propose recommendations for improving the quality of drinking water in areas where water quality indicators are closer to their MAC values.

Sulfur is a nonmetallic element necessary for life. Sulfur nanopartieles display unique physical and chemical feature because of effects such as the quantum size effect, mini size effect, surface effect and macro-quantum tunnel effect. So sulfur nanoparticles would present higher efficacies such as removal of heavy metals, radical-scavenging, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and antitumor activities. It is used as a fungicide product in agriculture, also used in medicine, to obtain sulfur fertilizers and cosmetics industries, as well as in obtaining nanocomposite lithium batteries. In synthesis of sulfur nanowires with carbon to from hybrid materials with useful properties for gas sensor and catalytic applications. This work presents the results of obtaining the sulfur nanoparticles, which can be used in agriculture as a fungicide treatment. Sulfur nanoparticles were obtained by modifying the surface of sulfur by various surfactants including cetyltriammoniumbromide (CTABr), Sulfanol, Sodium Ligninsulfonate (CMN), Sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid (NNO), water soluble polymer sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), mineral mixtures and their compositions. The size and the structure of sulfur nanoparticles were determined by methods as LSA, XRD, SEM. Been studied the value of adsorption at the interface of solid/gas. It is shown that the nanoparticles have a sulfur monoclinic B-form, and their average size is in the range 500-1000 nm. The received products can be considered as perspective forms of application in agriculture.