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This study investigated the influence of coal bottom ash (CBA) on the concrete properties and evaluate the effects of combined exposure of sulphate and chloride conditions on the concrete containing CBA. During concrete mixing, cement was replaced with CBA by 10% of cement weight. Initially, concrete samples were kept in normal water for 28 days. Next, the specimens were moved to a combined solution of 5% sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for a further 28 to 180 days. The experimental findings demonstrated that the concrete containing 10% CBA (M2) gives 12% higher compressive strength than the water cured normal concrete (M1). However, when it was exposed to a solution of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% NaCl, gives 0.2% greater compressive strength with reference to M1. The presence of 10% CBA decreases the chloride penetration and drying shrinkage around 33.6% and 29.2% respectively at 180 days. Hence, this study declared 10% CBA as optimum that can be used for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SDC (Sawdust Concrete) was developed in 19th century. It has been well recognized due to its lightweight and cost-effectiveness. Presently, developed countries have created opportunities to use wood waste in the concrete construction to reduce the environmental burden. Although SDC has received little consideration as a lightweight masonry block in building works but it has been intensively investigated in many countries for decades. The aim of this review is to summarize the last five years (2012-2016) research work related to utilization of sawdust in concrete masonry. However, it is important to explore existing ideas and approaches developed by previous researchers as a reference and guidance for the future research. There are lots of opportunities to develop lightweight concrete especially throughutilizing sawdust as a fine aggregate replacement material in concrete. However, this review paper is focusing on utilization of sawdust, as to reduce environmental impacts poses by the waste products of furniture industry and a by-product of wood industry. As a conclusion, this review paper summaries the existing important ideas and useful information for the fellow researchers, as to enhance the utilization of sawdust to produce lightweight masonry units. It is recommended that considerable research is required on the sawdust cement blocks, which can deliver more confidence on their utilization as a green building construction material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]