1. Heterogeneous acid catalyst preparation from olive pomace and its use for olive pomace oil esterification
- Author
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Manef Abderrabba, Mohand Tazerout, Audrey Villot, Sary Awad, Manel Ayadi, Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut préparatoire aux études scientifiques et techniques [La Marsa] (IPEST)
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,060102 archaeology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Pomace ,Sulfuric acid ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Sulfonic acid ,Catalysis ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,0601 history and archaeology ,Methanol ,Pyrolysis ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug ,Nuclear chemistry ,BET theory - Abstract
Solid acid catalyst was produced from olive pomace (OP), characterized and used for the esterification of OP oil. OP was pyrolyzed, physical activated by steam and sulfonated using sulfuric acid. Commercial, coconut husk-based, activated carbon (CHAC) was also sulfonated for comparison. The activation has shown a significant increase in olive pomace activated carbon (OPAC) surface area by developing simultaneously its micro and meso-porosity. The sulfonation has further increased OPAC BET surface area to reach 618.18 m2/g and has changed its structure to become microporous. Sulfonation also removed tar residues and aliphatic hydrocarbons from OPAC’s surface. Tendencies observed with carbon CHAC, used for comparison, are slightly different with a mesoporosity development. Although its higher surface area (1227.01 m2/g), CHAC has fixed three times less sulfur than OPAC, which can be attributed to its higher hydrophobicity or pore distribution. Sulfur was mainly fixed in the form of sulfonic acid (SO3H). Esterification with methanol using produced solid catalysts decreased OPO acidity below the 2 mgKOH/g threshold after 5 h of reaction and reduced mono, di and triglycerides to levels close to the ones required by European norm EN14214.
- Published
- 2021
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