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71 results on '"Fabien Dorchies"'

1. Ultrafast Thermal Melting in Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Copper

Author: N. Jourdain, V. Recoules, P. Renaudin, Fabien Dorchies, L. Lecherbourg, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Copper, Molecular physics, law.invention, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Femtosecond, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The ultrafast dynamics of the loss of crystalline periodicity is investigated in femtosecond laser heated warm dense copper, by the original use of x-ray absorption near-edge specific structures just above the $L3$ edge. The characteristic time is observed near 1 ps, for specific energy density ranging from 1 to $5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{kg}$, using ps-resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The overall experimental data are well reproduced with two-temperature hydrodynamic simulations, supporting a thermal phase transition.
Published: 2021
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2. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study of warm dense MgO

Author: Stephane Mazevet, N. J. Hartley, R. Bolis, Fabien Dorchies, Alessandra Ravasio, V. Recoules, F. Remus, Erik Brambrink, M. Guarguaglini, Tommaso Vinci, François Guyot, Norimasa Ozaki, J. Bouchet, N. Jourdain, R. Musella, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, J.-A. Hernandez, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Osaka University [Osaka], Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Graduate School of Engineering Science [Osaka], Osaka University, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering Science, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Shock wave, Metallization process, Band gap, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Spectral line, Shock waves, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phase diagram, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], High-density liquid, Lasers, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, XANES, Laser plasma interactions, Phase transitions, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We report time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) measurements of warm dense MgO. We used a high power nanosecond pulse to drive a strong uniform shock wave into an MgO sample, and a picosecond pulse to generate a broadband X-ray source near the Mg K-edge. We used this setup to obtain XANES spectra across a large area of the phase diagram, with densities up to 6.8 g/cc and temperatures up to 30 000 K, conditions at which no prior investigations of electronic and ionic structure exist. Our XANES results, together with quantum molecular dynamic simulations, demonstrate that the sample metallizes due to the bandgap closure as it melts, after which it shows typical behavior for a disordered ionic liquid. Published under license by AIP Publishing. https://doi.
Published: 2019
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3. Generation of a large compressive strain wave in graphite by ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation

Author: Martin Nors Pedersen, A. Jurgilaitis, Xiaocui Wang, Jörgen Larsson, Michael Wulff, Amélie Jarnac, Henrik Enquist, Fabien Dorchies, Chien Ming Tu, J. C. Ekström, U.J. Bengtsson, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Stress (mechanics), Crystal, law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QD901-999, Graphite, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Materials, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ultrashort pulse laser, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiation, Laser ablation, Articles, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Pulse (physics), lcsh:Crystallography, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We have studied strain wave generation in graphite induced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. The study was performed in the intensity regime above the ablation threshold of graphite. The aim was to maximize the strain and, thus, also the internal pressure (stress). Laser pulses with a 1 ps temporal duration melt the surface of graphite resulting in a molten material which initially exists at the solid density. As the molten material expands, a compressive strain wave starts propagating into the crystal below the molten layer. The strain pulse was studied with time-resolved X-ray diffraction. At a temporal delay of 100 ps after laser excitation, we observed >10% compressive strain, which corresponds to a pressure of 7.2 GPa. This strain could be reproduced by hydrodynamic simulations, which also provided a temperature map as a function of time and depth.
Published: 2019
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4. Ultrafast changes in optical properties of SiO2 excited by femtosecond laser at the damage threshold and above

Author: M.-C. Nadeau, Stéphane Petit, B. Chimier, C. Fourment, F. Deneuville, Fabien Dorchies, Dominique Descamps, Guillaume Duchateau, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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5. Comparisons of x-ray sources generated from subpicosecond laser-plasma interaction on clusters and on solid targets

Author: P. Renaudin, L. Lecherbourg, N. Jourdain, Fabien Dorchies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], X-ray, Plasma, 010306 general physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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6. Electron-ion thermal equilibration dynamics in femtosecond heated warm dense copper

Author: Fabien Dorchies, P. Renaudin, V. Recoules, N. Jourdain, L. Lecherbourg, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Dynamics (mechanics), chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Copper, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, chemistry, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Thermal equilibration, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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7. Supra-thermal electron beam stopping power and guiding in dense plasmas

Author: Mingsheng Wei, Hiroshi Sawada, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, Dimitri Batani, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, B. Vauzour, A. Debayle, Fabien Dorchies, C. Fourment, T. Ceccotti, S. D. Baton, Philippe Nicolai, J. J. Honrubia, Jean-Luc Feugeas, Joao Santos, L. Gremillet, X. Vaisseau, F. Perez, Alessio Morace, S. Hulin, Farhat Beg, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), GIFI, Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain, affiliation inconnue, Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Electron, Plasma, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Stopping power (particle radiation), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Current density, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Fast-electron beam stopping mechanisms in media ranging from solid to warm dense matter have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Laser-driven fast electrons have been transported through solid Al targets and shock-compressed Al and plastic foam targets. Their propagation has been diagnosed via rear-side optical self-emission and Kα X-rays from tracer layers. Comparison between measurements and simulations shows that the transition from collision-dominated to resistive field-dominated energy loss occurs for a fast-electron current density ~5 × 1011 A cm−2. The respective increases in the stopping power with target density and resistivity have been detected in each regime. Self-guided propagation over 200μm has been observed in radially compressed targets due to ~1kT magnetic fields generated by resistivity gradients at the converging shock front.
Published: 2013
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8. Non-equilibrium solid-to-plasma transition dynamics using XANES diagnostic

Author: Fabien Dorchies, V. Recoules, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Plasma, Warm dense matter, 01 natural sciences, XANES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electron diffraction, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, State of matter, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The advent of femtosecond lasers has shed new light on non-equilibrium high energy density physics. The ultrafast energy absorption by electrons and the finite rate of their energy transfer to the lattice creates non-equilibrium states of matter, triggering a new class of non-thermal processes from the ambient solid up to extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, referred as the warm dense matter regime. The dynamical interplay between electron and atomic structures is the key issue that drives the ultrafast phase transitions dynamics. Bond weakening or bond hardening are predicted, but strongly depends on the material considered. Many studies have been conducted but this physics is still poorly understood. The experimental tools used up-to-now have provided an incomplete insight. Pure optical techniques measure only indirectly atomic motion through changes in the dielectric function whereas X-ray or electron diffraction only probes the average long-range order. This review is dedicated to recent developments in time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, which is expected to give a more complete picture by probing simultaneously the modifications of the near-continuum electron and local atomic structures. Results are reported for three different types of metals (simple, transition and noble metals) in which a confrontation has been carried out between measurements and ab initio simulations.
Published: 2016

9. Characterization of argon cluster jets for laser interaction studies

Author: J. Stevefelt, C. Stenz, Fabien Dorchies, T. Caillaud, A. S. Boldarev, F. Blasco, Vladimir A. Gasilov, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Argon, Nozzle, Condensation, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Cluster (physics), Rayleigh scattering, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Atomic clusters can be produced from rare gas, by spontaneous condensation during its expansion and cooling in a supersonic nozzle. When irradiated by intense laser pulses, these near-solid density clusters were observed to absorb a large fraction of the laser energy, leading to the production of highly charged ions. Based on this interaction regime, several international research groups have already demonstrated the ability to produce intense and highly repetitive X-ray and neutron sources without debris, with a relatively small experimental setup. In order to understand the different mechanisms involved in laser – cluster interaction, a complete characterization is needed for the target composed by clusters and surrounded by gas. We present a method based on two different optical diagnostics (Mach–Zehnder interferometry and Rayleigh scattering) and supported by a numerical simulation describing the gas expansion and cluster growth in the nozzle. The study was performed considering argon expanding in two types of nozzles: a Laval and a conical one. The experimental spatial profiles were observed to be in good agreement with the simulations, leading to spatial resolution of gas density, cluster size and cluster density.
Published: 2003
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10. X-ray absorption K edge as a diagnostic of the electronic temperature in warm dense aluminum

Author: Todd H. Hall, F. Festa, Anna Lévy, Erik Brambrink, Stephane Mazevet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Fabien Dorchies, Alessandra Ravasio, V. Recoules, Olivier Peyrusse, M. Koenig, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute for Academic Initiatives, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Scattering, Extrapolation, X-ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Imaging phantom, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, K-edge, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Absorption (logic), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The use of the x-ray absorption $K$-edge slope is investigated as a model-free diagnostic of the electronic temperature in warm dense matter. Data are reported for aluminum in a wide domain of densities (approximately one to three times the solid density) and temperatures ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--10\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). Measurements are obtained from laser-shock compression where both temperature and density are independently determined from optical diagnostics. They are compared with two different theoretical approaches, respectively, based on quantum molecular dynamics and multiple scattering. Extrapolation for other absorption edges and materials is discussed.
Published: 2015
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11. Time evolution of electron structure in femtosecond heated warm dense molybdenum

Author: J. Bouchet, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, B. I. Cho, Marion Harmand, Fabien Dorchies, K. Engelhorn, Hae Ja Lee, Thomas Tschentscher, C. Ozkan, V. Recoules, Jérôme Gaudin, Bob Nagler, Michael Störmer, Sven Toleikis, C. Fourment, Eric Galtier, P. M. Leguay, Philip Heimann, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, Materials science, Ab initio, Time evolution, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Molybdenum, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, ddc:530, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The time evolution of the electron structure is investigated in a molybdenum foil heated up to the warm dense matter regime by a femtosecond laser pulse, through time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Spectra are measured with independent characterizations of temperature and density. They are successfully compared with ab initio quantum molecular dynamic calculations. We demonstrate that the observed white line in the L-3 edge reveals the time evolution of the electron density of state from the solid to the hot (a few eV) and expanding liquid. The data indicate a highly nonequilibrated state, 5 ps after heating.
Published: 2015
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12. Experimental station for laser-based picosecond time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy

Author: N. Fedorov, Fabien Dorchies, L. Lecherbourg, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Laser, XANES, law.invention, Optics, law, Picosecond, Vacuum chamber, Time-resolved spectroscopy, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present an experimental station designed for time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). It is based on ultrashort laser-plasma x-ray pulses generated from a table-top 100 mJ-class laser at 10 Hz repetition rate. A high transmission (10%-20%) x-ray beam line transport using polycapillary optics allows us to set the sample in an independent vacuum chamber, providing high flexibility over a wide spectral range from 0.5 up to 4 keV. Some XANES spectra are presented, demonstrating 1% noise level in only ∼1 mn and ∼100 cumulated laser shots. Time-resolved measurements are reported, indicating that the time resolution of the entire experimental station is 3.3 ± 0.6 ps rms.
Published: 2015

13. Towards simultaneous measurements of electronic and structural properties in ultra-fast x-ray free electron laser absorption spectroscopy experiments

Author: P. M. Leguay, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, B. I. Cho, Marion Harmand, C. Ozkan, Michael Störmer, K. Engelhorn, Hae Ja Lee, C. Fourment, Jérôme Gaudin, Bob Nagler, Sven Toleikis, Eric Galtier, Fabien Dorchies, Th. Tschentscher, Philip Heimann, Airbus Group Innovations [Suresnes], Airbus [France], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Light, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Absorption, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Molybdenum, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Multidisciplinary, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Lasers, Free-electron laser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, ddc:000, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: International audience; The rapidly growing ultrafast science with X-ray lasers unveils atomic scale processes with unprecedented time resolution bringing the so called "molecular movie'' within reach. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is one of the most powerful x-ray techniques providing both local atomic order and electronic structure when coupled with ad-hoc theory. Collecting absorption spectra within few x-ray pulses is possible only in a dispersive setup. We demonstrate ultrafast time-resolved measurements of the LIII-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectra of irreversibly laser excited Molybdenum using an average of only few x-ray pulses with a signal to noise ratio limited only by the saturation level of the detector. The simplicity of the experimental set-up makes this technique versatile and applicable for a wide range of pump-probe experiments, particularly in the case of non-reversible processes.
Published: 2014
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14. Experimental determination of temperature-dependent electron-electron collision frequency in isochorically heated warm dense gold

Author: C. Fourment, Stéphane Petit, Olivier Peyrusse, V. Recoules, Fabien Dorchies, Dominique Descamps, F. Deneuville, Bastian Holst, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institute of Experimental Physics [Graz], Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), Department of Physics and Technology [Bergen] (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Warm dense matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Momentum, Collision frequency, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A time and polarization resolved reflective interferometry measurement on femtosecond laser heated gold is presented. We deduced the electron momentum damping frequency, the conduction electron density, and finally the electron temperature in the $0.6--5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ range in out of equilibrium, solid density warm dense gold. This allows the experimental determination of the electron-electron collision frequency variation with the electron temperature in warm dense matter conditions. The comparison with several models shows the importance of properly taking into account the $d$-band electrons in noble metals.
Published: 2014
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15. Ultrafast Short-Range Disordering of Femtosecond-Laser-Heated Warm Dense Aluminum

Author: P. Renaudin, F. Deneuville, S. Hulin, C. Fourment, Fabien Dorchies, Bastian Holst, J. J. Santos, Stéphane Petit, Dominique Descamps, Olivier Peyrusse, B. Chimier, P. Combis, V. Recoules, Anna Lévy, Laurent Videau, C. Goyon, P. M. Leguay, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Hydrogéologie, Argiles, Sols, Altérations (E2) (HydrASA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Physics and Technology [Bergen] (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institute of Experimental Physics [Graz], Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Centrale Lille, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Laser ablation, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FOIL method
Abstract: International audience; We have probed, with time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), a femtosecond-laser-heated aluminum foil with fluences up to 1 J/cm2. The spectra reveal a loss of the short-range order in a few picoseconds. This time scale is compared with the electron-ion equilibration time, calculated with a two-temperature model. Hydrodynamic simulations shed light on complex features that affect the foil dynamics, including progressive density change from solid to liquid (∼10 ps). In this density range, quantum molecular dynamics simulations indicate that XANES is a relevant probe of the ionic temperature.
Published: 2013
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16. Fast electron beam measurements from relativistically intense, frequency-doubled laser-solid interactions

Author: Robbie Scott, Kate Lancaster, Edward B. Clark, F. Perez, J. J. Santos, M. J. V. Streeter, S. J. Rose, S. Hulin, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, J. R. Davies, B. Vauzour, A. A. Soloviev, Peter Norreys, C. Fourment, S. D. Baton, Fabien Dorchies, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Bremsstrahlung, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Fundamental frequency, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Experimental measurements of the fast electron beam created by the interaction of relativistically intense, frequency-doubled laser light with planar solid targets and its subsequent transport within the target are presented and compared with those of a similar experiment using the laser fundamental frequency. Using frequency-doubled laser light, the fast electron source size is significantly reduced, while evidence suggests the divergence angle may be reduced. Pyrometric measurements of the target rear surface temperature and the Cu Kα imager data indicate the laser to fast electron absorption fraction is reduced using frequency doubled laser light. Bremsstrahlung measurements indicate the fast electron temperature is 125 keV, while the laser energy absorbed into forward-going fast electrons was found to be 16 ± 4% for frequency doubled light at a mean laser intensity of 5 ± 3 × 1018 W cm-2. © IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Published: 2013
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17. An interferometric diagnostic for the experimental study of dynamics of solids exposed to intense and ultrashort radiation

Author: S. Hulin, C. Fourment, Joao Santos, Dominique Descamps, Olivier Peyrusse, F. Deneuville, S. Petit, B. Chimier, Fabien Dorchies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, Hydrogéologie, Argiles, Sols, Altérations (E2) (HydrASA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Juha, L. and Bajt, S. and London, R. and Hudec, R. and Pina, L., Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, Electron density, Materials science, business.industry, Infrared, Coulomb explosion, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Interferometry, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electromagnetic pulse
Abstract: Solid material damaging induced by an intense and short electromagnetic pulse is accompanied by structural modifications, such as solid/solid phase transition, solid/liquid phase transition or ablation. In such an interaction, the energy is mainly absorbed by electrons, and then transferred to the lattice over a 1 − 10 ps time scale. Such out-of-equilibrium physics is the subject of intense experimental and theoretical work, rising fundamental questions about the thermal or non-thermal nature of phase transitions, the softening or hardening of chemical bonds, and the competition between thermal ablation and coulomb explosion. Here, an experimental technique based on pump-probe interfero-polarimetry in reflection, is presented. It allows us to measure the reflectivity and phase shift of an optical probe reflecting on the sample, in both P and S polarization directions, with a sub-100 fs time resolution. The accuracies on phase shift and on reflectivity are 10 mrad and 1%, respectively. These quantities depend on both the sample optical properties (dielectric function) and the heated sample hydrodynamics. Careful comparison of signals in P and S polarizations allows us to distinguish between optical properties and hydrodynamics contributions. Optical properties give information about the dynamics of the electron properties which drive the damage formation, while the hydrodynamic contribution includes sample surface motion and modofication of the electron density profile, at the nanometer scale. This interfero-polarimetry technique was employed to study damage on aluminum induced by an infrared ultrashort laser pulse (800 nm, 30 fs, 1 J:cm -2 )
Published: 2013

18. Sub-picosecond and nanometer scale dynamics of aluminum target surface heated by ultrashort laser pulse

Author: S. Hulin, Dominique Descamps, S. Petit, J. J. Santos, F. Deneuville, C. Fourment, Fabien Dorchies, B. Chimier, Olivier Peyrusse, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, Hydrogéologie, Argiles, Sols, Altérations (E2) (HydrASA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Oxide, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Relaxation (NMR), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pulse (physics), chemistry, Picosecond, Nanometre, Plasma diagnostics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: The possibility of measuring surface hydrodynamics at picosecond and nanometer scales by using a time resolved optical interfero-polarimeter is demonstrated. This method is applied to observe the surface position of aluminum target heated by ultrashort laser pulse. Numerical simulations of the surface relaxation during a few tens of picoseconds after irradiation are in very good agreement with the measurements. Results show the important contribution of oxide layer in the surface dynamic evolution and the great accuracy of our experimental method.
Published: 2013
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19. X-ray emission spectroscopy of well-characterised non-LTE plasmas

Author: L Vassura, P. Audebert, V. Silvert, S. Jacquemot, S. Bastiani-Ceccotti, Tommaso Vinci, Fabien Dorchies, A.-C. Bourgaux, V. Dervieux, P. M. Leguay, C. Bowen, P. Renaudin, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Jean-Raphael Marques, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), and Dorchies, Fabien
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thomson scattering, Chemistry, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pyrometer
Abstract: This paper will present an experimental platform developed on LULI2000 to measure x-ray emission of non-LTE plasmas in well-defined hydrodynamic conditions thanks to implementation of a whole set of diagnostics, including time-resolved electronic and ionic Thomson scattering and self-optical pyrometry. K-, L- and M-shell spectra will be presented and the methodology, that has been developed to analyze them, discussed.
Published: 2016
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20. Relativistic high-current electron-beam stopping-power characterization in solids and plasmas: collisional versus resistive effects

Author: Dimitri Batani, Joao Santos, Paul McKenna, Ph. Nicolaï, V. Yahia, L. C. Jarrot, Roberto Benocci, S. Hulin, Farhat Beg, S. D. Baton, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, Fabien Dorchies, Yongjoo Rhee, Emmanuel d'Humières, A. Debayle, B. Vauzour, C. Fourment, J. J. Honrubia, S. Chawla, X. Vaisseau, Luca Volpe, M. Coury, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIFI, Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain, affiliation inconnue, International Institute of Clinical Studies, SUPA, Department of Physics (SUPA), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Vauzour, B, Santos, J, Debayle, A, Hulin, S, Hschlenvoigt, H, Vaisseau, X, Batani, D, Baton, S, Honrubia, J, Nicolaï, P, Beg, F, Benocci, R, Chawla, S, Coury, M, Dorchies, F, Fourment, C, D'Humières, E, Jarrot, L, Mckenna, P, Rhee, Y, Tikhonchuk, V, Volpe, L, and Yahia, V
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear reaction, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, General Physics and Astronomy, Física, Plasma, Electron, Stopping power, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, laser, plasmi, fusione nucleare, elettroni rapidi, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; We present experimental and numerical results on intense-laser-pulse-produced fast electron beams transport through aluminum samples, either solid or compressed and heated by laser-induced planar shock propagation. Thanks to absolute K-alpha yield measurements and its very good agreement with results from numerical simulations, we quantify the collisional and resistive fast electron stopping powers: for electron current densities of approximate to 8 x 10(10) A/cm(2) they reach 1.5 keV/mu m and 0.8 keV/mu m, respectively. For higher current densities up to 10(12) A/cm(2), numerical simulations show resistive and collisional energy losses at comparable levels. Analytical estimations predict the resistive stopping power will be kept on the level of 1 keV/mu m for electron current densities of 10(14) A/cm(2), representative of the full-scale conditions in the fast ignition of inertially confined fusion targets.
Published: 2012
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21. X-Ray Diagnosis of the Pressure Induced Mott Nonmetal-Metal Transition

Author: Erik Brambrink, Fabien Dorchies, Olivier Peyrusse, N. Amadou, Todd H. Hall, Stephane Mazevet, Alessandra Ravasio, F. Festa, Anna Lévy, V. Recoules, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, M. Koenig, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Essex, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: PACS numbers: 52.50.Lp, 32.30.Rj, 52.25.Os, 71.30.+h, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Jellium, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Atomic orbital, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, Density functional theory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The evolution of the K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectrum is investigatedfor an aluminum plasma expanding from the solid density down to 0:5 g=cm3, with temperatures lyingfrom 5 down to 2 eV. The dense plasma is generated by nanosecond laser-induced shock compression.These conditions correspond to the density-temperature region where a metal-nonmetal transition occurs asthe density decreases. This transition is directly observed in XANES spectra measurements through theprogressive formation of a preedge structure for densities around 1:6 g=cm3. Ab initio calculations basedon density functional theory and a jellium model have been efficiently tested through direct comparisonwith the experimental measurements and show that this preedge corresponds to the relocalization of the 3patomic orbital as the system evolves from a dense plasma toward a partially ionized atomic fluid.
Published: 2012
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22. Magnetically Guided Fast Electrons in Cylindrically Compressed Matter

Author: Drew Higginson, Andrew MacPhee, Wigen Nazarov, John Pasley, S. Chawla, M. Koenig, Farhat Beg, Ph. Nicolaï, Tommaso Vinci, Joao Santos, Fabien Dorchies, Arnaud Debayle, S. D. Baton, Rashida Jafer, S. Hulin, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, L. Labate, R. Heathcote, F. Perez, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, J. J. Honrubia, D. Batani, Petra Koester, L. Gremillet, A. J. Mackinnon, Andrea Sgattoni, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, Rafael Ramis, Kate Lancaster, Erik Brambrink, L. A. Gizzi, C. Spindloe, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Pérez, F, Debayle, A, Honrubia, J, Koenig, M, Batani, D, Baton, S, Beg, F, Benedetti, C, Brambrink, E, Chawla, S, Dorchies, F, Fourment, C, Galimberti, M, Gizzi, L, Gremillet, L, Heathcote, R, Higginson, D, Hulin, S, Jafer, R, Koester, P, Labate, L, Lancaster, K, Mackinnon, A, Macphee, A, Nazarov, W, Nicolai, P, Pasley, J, Ramis, R, Richetta, M, Santos, J, Sgattoni, A, Spindloe, C, Vauzour, B, Volpe, L, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, General Physics and Astronomy, Context (language use), Electron, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, TRANSPORT, Collimated light, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, laser, plasmi, fusione nucleare, elettroni rapidi, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Fast electrons produced by a 10 ps, 160 J laser pulse through laser-compressed plastic cylinders are studied experimentally and numerically in the context of fast ignition. K(alpha)-emission images reveal a collimated or scattered electron beam depending on the initial density and the compression timing. A numerical transport model shows that implosion-driven electrical resistivity gradients induce strong magnetic fields able to guide the electrons. The good agreement with measured beam sizes provides the first experimental evidence for fast-electron magnetic collimation in laser-compressed matter.
Published: 2011
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23. The HiPER project for inertial confinement fusion and some experimental results on advanced ignition schemes

Author: C. Fourment, Jaroslav Nejdl, Bedřich Rus, D. Neely, B. Vauzour, F. Perez, Laurent Gremillet, John Pasley, C. Spindloe, Jerzy Wolowski, S. D. Baton, S. Hulin, Michaela Kozlova, Petra Koester, Xavier Ribeyre, Dimitri Batani, M. Koenig, Kate Lancaster, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, J. J. Santos, Luca Antonelli, Alessio Morace, Philippe Nicolai, Wigen Nazarov, L. Labate, L. A. Gizzi, J. J. Honrubia, Guy Schurtz, Fabien Dorchies, M. Tolley, Jan Badziak, Batani, D, Koenig, M, Baton, S, Perez, F, Gizzi, L, Koester, P, Labate, L, Honrubia, J, Antonelli, L, Morace, A, Volpe, L, Santos, J, Schurtz, G, Hulin, S, Ribeyre, X, Fourment, C, Nicolai, P, Vauzour, B, Gremillet, L, Nazarov, W, Pasley, J, Richetta, M, Lancaster, K, Spindloe, C, Tolley, M, Neely, D, Kozlová, M, Nejdl, J, Rus, B, Wolowski, J, Badziak, J, Dorchies, F, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of St Andrews [Scotland], STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institute of Physics [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Shock wave, Nuclear engineering, Laser, Condensed Matter Physic, fast ignition, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, facility, plasma physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nova (laser), Plasma, Shock (mechanics), Ignition system, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: This paper presents the goals and some of the results of experiments conducted within the Working Package 10 (Fusion Experimental Programme) of the HiPER Project. These experiments concern the study of the physics connected to 'advanced ignition schemes', i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition approaches to inertial fusion. Such schemes are aimed at achieving a higher gain, as compared with the classical approach which is used in NIF, as required for future reactors, and make fusion possible with smaller facilities. In particular, a series of experiments related to fast ignition were performed at the RAL (UK) and LULI (France) Laboratories and studied the propagation of fast electrons (created by a short-pulse ultra-high-intensity beam) in compressed matter, created either by cylindrical implosions or by compression of planar targets by (planar) laser-driven shock waves. A more recent experiment was performed at PALS and investigated the laser-plasma coupling in the 10 16 W cm -2 intensity regime of interest for shock ignition. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2011
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24. Can proton radiography be used to image imploding target in ICF experiments ?

Author: C. Regan, Andrea Sgattoni, C. Spindloe, K. L. Lancaster, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, Petra Koester, Fabien Dorchies, M. Koenig, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, S. Hulin, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, L. A. Gizzi, L. Labate, M. Tolley, F. Perez, Ph. Nicolaï, J. J. Santos, S. D. Baton, Dimitri Batani, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Hein, J. and Silva, L. O. and Korn, G. and Gizzi, L. A. and Edwards, C., Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Proton, business.industry, Scattering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Implosion, Electron, Laser, Hard x-rays, Collimated light, law.invention, Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Optics, Multiple scattering, law, HiPER, Numerical simulations, Picosecond phenomena, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laser energy
Abstract: Generation of high intensity and well collimated multi energetic proton beams from laser-matter interaction extend the possibility to use protons as a diagnostic to image imploding target in Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments. An experiment was done at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Vulcan Laser Petawatt laser) to study fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets, a subject of interest for fast ignition. This was performed in the framework of the experimental road map of HiPER (the European High Power laser Energy Research facility Project). In the experiment, protons accelerated by a ps-laser pulse were used to radiograph a 220 m diameter cylinder (20 m wall, filled with low density foam), imploded with 200 J of green laser light in 4 symmetrically incident beams of pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to get the compression history and the stagnation time. Detailed comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations has been done using a Monte Carlo code adapted to describe multiple scattering and plasma effects and with those from hard X-ray radiography. These analysis shows that due to the very large mass densities reached during implosion processes, protons traveling through the target undergo a very large number of collisions which deviate protons from their original trajectory reducing proton radiography resolution. Here we present a simple analytical model to study the proton radiography diagnostic performance as a function of the main experimental parameters such as proton beam energy and target areal density. This approach leads to define two different criteria for PR resolution (called "strong" and "weak" condition) describing different experimental conditions. Finally numerical simulations using both hydrodynamic and Monte Carlo codes are presented to validate analytical predictions.
Published: 2011

25. Proton radiography of laser-driven imploding target in cylindrical geometry

Author: D. Batani, L. A. Gizzi, S. Chawla, Alessio Morace, F. Perez, Andrea Sgattoni, C. Regan, Ph. Nicolaï, J. J. Santos, S. Hulin, S. D. Baton, B. Vauzour, M. Tolley, Fabien Dorchies, Carlo Benedetti, L. Labate, Petra Koester, Kate Lancaster, Maria Richetta, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Luca Volpe, Marco Galimberti, John Pasley, Farhat Beg, Andrew MacPhee, Drew Higginson, C. Spindloe, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: plasma simulation, Monte Carlo method, plasma light propagation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, Cylinder, explosions, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], plasma diagnostics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Pulse duration, Monte Carlo methods, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Pulse (physics), Industrial radiography, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Plasma diagnostics, business, MATTER
Abstract: An experiment was done at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Vulcan laser petawatt laser) to study fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets, a subject of interest for fast ignition. This was performed in the framework of the experimental road map of HiPER (the European high power laser energy research facility project). In the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond-laser pulse were used to radiograph a 220 mu m diameter cylinder (20 mu m wall, filled with low density foam), imploded with similar to 200 J of green laser light in four symmetrically incident beams of pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to get the compression history and the stagnation time. Results are also compared to those from hard x-ray radiography. Detailed comparison with two-dimensional numerical hydrosimulations has been done using a Monte Carlo code adapted to describe multiple scattering and plasma effects. Finally we develop a simple analytical model to estimate the performance of proton radiography for given implosion conditions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3530596]
Published: 2011
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26. Experimental study of fast electron propagation in compressed matter

Author: F. Serres, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, Drew Higginson, V. Yahia, A. McPhee, P. Köster, Andrea Sgattoni, Wigen Nazarov, Kate Lancaster, B. Vauzour, J. J. Santos, Yongjoo Rhee, Carlo Benedetti, L. A. Gizzi, John Pasley, L. C. Jarrot, S. Hulin, Rafael Ramis, Xavier Ribeyre, Roberto Benocci, Guy Schurtz, Fabien Dorchies, Paul McKenna, C. Regan, S. Chawla, R. Jafer, J. J. Honrubia, F. N. Beg, Erik Brambrink, M. Coury, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, X. Vaisseau, F. Perez, L. Labate, A. J. Mackinnon, M. Koenig, Maria Richetta, Christopher Spindloe, Luca Volpe, Dimitri Batani, Ph. Nicolaï, S. D. Baton, International Institute of Clinical Studies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), SUPA, Department of Physics (SUPA), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Vauzour, B, Santos, J, Batani, D, Baton, S, Koenig, M, Nicolaï, P, Perez, F, Beg, F, Benedetti, C, Benocci, R, Brambrink, E, Chawla, S, Coury, M, Dorchies, F, Fourment, C, Galimberti, G, Gizzi, L, Heathcote, R, Higginson, D, Honrubia, J, Hulin, S, Jafer, R, Jarrot, L, Labate, L, Lancaster, K, Köster, P, Mackinnon, A, Mckenna, P, Mcphee, A, Nazarov, W, Pasley, J, Ramis, R, Rhee, Y, Regan, C, Ribeyre, X, Richetta, M, Serres, F, Schlenvoigt, H, Schurtz, G, Sgattoni, A, Spindloe, C, Vaisseau, X, Volpe, L, and Yahia, V
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, proton radiography, Proton, Electron, fast ignition, 01 natural sciences, hydrodynamic simulations, 010305 fluids & plasmas, x-ray radiography, 0103 physical sciences, compression, electron transport, hydrodynamic simulations,Physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cylinder, Area density, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Hydrodynamic simulation, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Plasma, Cathode ray, Atomic number, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report on experimental results of the fast electron transport in compressed plasmas, created by laser-induced shock propagation in both cylindrical and planar geometry. Two experiments were carried out. The first one was based on the compression of a polyimide cylinder filled with foams of three different initial densities (rho(0)). X-ray and proton radiographies of the target during the compression coupled with hydrodynamic simulations show that the obtained core densities and temperatures range from 2 to 11 g/cm(3) and from 30 to 120 eV, respectively. By studying the K-shell fluorescence from dopant atoms inside the target and from tracer layers situated at both front and rear side of the target it has been possible to investigate the fast electron propagation. The results show that Cu K(alpha) yield emitted by the target rear side foil decreases with increasing compression, independently of rho(0). An electron collimation can also be observed for certain experimental conditions where a convergent resistivity gradient interacts with the fast electron beam. The second experiment was performed in a planar geometry with a compressing shock counter-propagative to the fast electron beam. In this case the areal density rho z seen by the electrons is constant during the compression in such a way that changes in the fast electron range should be ascribed to collective mechanisms. The study of the K(alpha) fluorescence, from buried fluorescent layers of different atomic numbers, shows that the electrons with energy
Published: 2010
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27. Proton Radiography and Fast Electron Propogation Through Cyliderically Compressed Targets

Author: S. Chawla, D Higginson, B. Vauzour, J. J. Santos, Carlo Benedetti, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Andrea Sgattoni, Marco Galimberti, M. Tolley, Petra Koester, A. J. Mackinnon, Duck-Hee Kwon, Erik Brambrink, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, John Pasley, C. Spindloe, M. Koenig, Philippe Nicolai, L. Labate, F. Perez, Fabien Dorchies, F. N. Beg, Yongjoo Rhee, L. A. Gizzi, A. McPhee, S. D. Baton, Kate Lancaster, Dimitri Batani, Rashida Jafer, S. Hulin, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto di Fisica e Molecolare, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Proton, Spectrometer, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Electron, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, 010306 general physics, business, Beam (structure), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The paper describes the key points contained in the short term HiPER (High Power laser Energy Research) experimental road map, as well as the results of two phases of the experiment performed in "HiPER dedicated time slots. Experimental and theoretical results of relativistic electron transport in cylindrically compressed matter are presented. This experiment was achieved at the VULCAN laser facility (UK) by using four long pulse beams (similar to 4 x 50 J, 1 us, at 0.53 mu m) to compress a hollow plastic cylinder filled with plastic foam of three different densities (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g cm(-3)). In the first phase of the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse were used to radiograph a cylinder filled with 0.1 g/cc foam. Point projection proton backlighting was used to measure the degree of compression as well as the stagnation time. Results were compared to those from hard X-ray radiography. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of proton propagation in cold and compressed targets allowed a detailed, comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations. 2D simulations predict a density of 2-5 g cm(-3) and a plasma temperature up to 100 eV at maximum compression. In the second phase of the experiment, a short pulse (10 ps, 160 J) beam generated fast electrons that propagated through the compressed matter by irradiating a nickel foil at an intensity of 5 x 10(18) Wcm(-2). X-ray spectrometer and imagers were implemented in order to estimate the compressed plasma conditions and to infer the hot electron characteristics. Results are discussed and compared with simulations.
Published: 2010

28. Temporal and spectral behavior of sub-picosecond laser-created X-ray sources from low- to moderate-Z elements

Author: Djamel Benredjem, Fabien Dorchies, S. Bastiani-Ceccotti, Annette Calisti, P. Renaudin, Olivier Peyrusse, Marion Harmand, Patrick Audebert, Sylvie Jacquemot, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Streak camera, Time evolution, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Spectral line shape, law.invention, 010309 optics, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Stark effect, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Atomic number, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; We report on a set of experiments in which solid targets of different atomic numbers (Z) were irradiated with laser pulses of time durations ranging from 300 fs to 33 ps, and energies up to 26 J. The time-resolved X-ray emission in the 7.6-8.1 Å spectral range was measured using an ultra-fast X-ray streak camera coupled with a conical Bragg crystal. In this way we were able to follow the dramatic modification of the spectral features as a function of the laser duration. The features evolve from a "ns-type" emission, characterized by narrow and well-defined spectral lines, to very broad spectral features, due not only to the Stark broadening but also to the proliferation of satellites lines. The measured spectra also show strong time dependence, which allows us to follow the time evolution of the hydrodynamic parameters. We then compare the derived parameter with the CHIVAS hydro-radiative simulations. The experimental results are also compared with the AVERROES/TRANSPEC collisional-radiative code, and with precise spectral line shape calculations (PPP and PrismSPECT). The results seem to indicate regimes of interaction where hot electrons play an important role on spectral line formation.
Published: 2010
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29. X-ray diagnostics of fast electrons propagation in high density plasmas obtained by cylindrical compression

Author: John Pasley, Wigen Nazarov, L. Labate, S. Hulin, L. A. Gizzi, F. Perez, S. D. Baton, P. Köster, Xavier Ribeyre, J. J. Santos, M. Koenig, Philippe Nicolai, Erik Brambrink, R. Jafer, Guy Schurtz, Andrea Sgattoni, Drew Higginson, F. N. Beg, Andrew MacPhee, Fabien Dorchies, A. J. Mackinnon, Maria Richetta, Christopher Spindloe, Luca Volpe, S. Chawla, Kate Lancaster, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, Dimitri Batani, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: History, Materials science, Population, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Education, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, crystals, Cylinder, 010306 general physics, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, centered Lagrangian scheme, [PHYS]Physics [physics], education.field_of_study, Range (particle radiation), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Plasma, plasmas, Laser, Compression (physics), Computer Science Applications, Core (optical fiber), flow problems, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report on X-ray diagnostics results from an experiment on fast electrons propagation in cylindrically compressed targets. It was performed on the VULCAN TAW laser facility at RAL (UK) using four long pulses (1ns, 70 J each at 2ω) to compress a cylindrical polyimide target filled with CH foam at 3 different initial densities. The cylindrical geometry allows us to reach temperatures and densities higher than those obtained in planar geometry compression. 2D hydrodynamic simulations predicted a core density range from 4 to 8 g/cm3 and a core temperature from 30 eV up to 175 eV at maximum compression. An additional short laser pulse (10 ps, 160 J at ω) was focused on a Ni foil at one of the cylinder edges in order to generate a fast electrons current propagating along the compressed target. A X-ray radiography diagnostic was implemented in order to estimate the core plasma conditions of the compressed cylinder. Moreover two Bragg X-ray spectrometers collected the Kα fluorescence from the target so as to determine the variations of fast electrons population during the compression.
Published: 2010

30. Isochoric heating of solids by laser-accelerated protons: Experimental characterization and self-consistent hydrodynamic modeling

Author: Patrizio Antici, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Sylvain Fourmaux, Marion Harmand, Olivier Peyrusse, P. Combis, L. Lancia, R. Kodama, A. Mancic, J. Robiche, C. Blancard, Stephane Mazevet, Julien Fuchs, Ronnie Shepherd, Fabien Dorchies, P. Audebert, P. Renaudin, G. Faussurier, V. Recoules, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Interaction des rayons X avec la Matière, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dorchies, Fabien
Subjects: Coupling, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Radiation, Materials science, Proton, Isochoric process, Nuclear Theory, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Characterization (materials science), law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), FOIL method, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A study of isochoric heating of Al foil by laser-accelerated proton beam is presented, coupling self-consistent hydrodynamic simulations (including proton stopping) with experimental measurements. The proton source that induces the heating has been characterized experimentally and the induced heating has been inferred through critical density expansion velocity measurement. The low-energy part of the proton spectrum that plays the dominant part in the heating process has been studied in detail. The experimental results are compared with the results of 1-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that use as input the measured proton source and good agreement between the two is found using the SESAME EOS.
Published: 2010

31. Broadband, high dynamics and high resolution charge coupled device-based spectrometer in dynamic mode for multi-keV repetitive x-ray sources

Author: C. Bonte, Marion Harmand, S. Hulin, N. Arazam, C. Fourment, Fabien Dorchies, T. Caillaud, Dominique Descamps, S. Petit, Joao Santos, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications ( CELIA ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DAM Île-de-France ( DAM/DIF ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] ( DESY ), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée ( LOA ), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Photon, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Spectrometer, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Charge-coupled device, Atomic number, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present a new operating mode, using a charged coupled device as dispersionless spectrometer dedicated to repetitive x-ray sources in the multi-keV domain. This enables to get spectra with high statistics in a short acquisition time and a way compatible with the operation of other diagnostics requiring accumulation. Several reconstruction algorithms for the spreading events are discussed, and a near Fano-limited resolution is demonstrated by using single pixel events. In this case, a method to take into account partial canceling of the events is presented. Experimental characterization and detailed modeling of the detector are performed, which allow to determine absolute number of photon with +/-35% accuracy. Characterization of the 5-25 keV x rays emitted by a short pulse laser-produced plasma is reported, as well as their dependency with the atomic number, the laser duration, and energy.
Published: 2009

32. K-edge Absorption spectra in Warm Dense Matter

Author: Peyrusse, O., Mazevet, S., Recoules, V., fabien dorchies, Harmand, M., Levy, A., Fuchs, J., Mancic, A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Renaudin, P., Audebert, P., Fournier, K. B., Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Institut of Applied Physics (IAP), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dorchies, Fabien
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2009

33. Observation of Subpicosecond X-Ray Emission from Laser-Cluster Interaction

Author: Fabien Dorchies, F. Blasco, T. Caillaud, C. Bonte, C. Fourment, Olivier Peyrusse, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, X-ray, Electron shell, General Physics and Astronomy, Time resolution, Laser, law.invention, Photon emission, law, Cluster (physics), Atomic physics, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present the first experimental evidence of the subpicosecond duration of x-ray pulses emitted from laser-irradiated clusters, demonstrating the suitability of such a debris free target for ultrafast x-ray science applications. The $K$-shell emission ($\ensuremath{\sim}3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$) from large Ar clusters ($6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ to $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms) is time resolved, when irradiated by ultrashort (40 fs to 5 ps) and intense laser pulses (${10}^{15\ensuremath{-}17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). The observations are supported by hydrodynamical and collisional-radiative calculations, that reproduce the extremely short x-ray pulse duration.
Published: 2008
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34. Inhibition of fast electron energy deposition due to preplasma filling of cone-attached targets

Author: Alessio Morace, Angelo Schiavi, Laurent Gremillet, Dimitri Batani, Julien Fuchs, C. Fourment, P. Guillou, C. Rousseaux, M. Koenig, Joao Santos, Berenice Loupias, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Yefim Aglitskiy, Sophie Baton, Norimasa Ozaki, Stefano Atzeni, Takayoshi Norimatsu, M. Drouin, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, R. Redaelli, A. Nishida, Fabien Dorchies, Erik Lefebvre, Dorchies, Fabien, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], Osaka University [Osaka], Dipartimento di Energetica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Osaka University, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, Energy flux, Conical surface, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Wavelength, Planar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present experimental and numerical results on the propagation and energy deposition of laser-generated fast electrons into conical targets. The first part reports on experimental measurements performed in various configurations in order to assess the predicted benefit of conical targets over standard planar ones. For the conditions investigated here, the fast electron-induced heating is found to be much weaker in cone-guided targets irradiated at a laser wavelength of 1.057μm, whereas frequency doubling of the laser pulse permits us to bridge the disparity between conical and planar targets. This result underscores the prejudicial role of the prepulse-generated plasma, whose confinement is enhanced in conical geometry. The second part is mostly devoted to the particle-in-cell modeling of the laser-cone interaction. In qualitative agreement with the experimental data, the calculations show that the presence of a large preplasma leads to a significant decrease in the fast electron density and energy flux...
Published: 2008

35. Dynamics of rare gas nanoclusters irradiated by short and intense laser pulses

Author: Fabien Dorchies, S. Micheau, J. J. Santos, Marion Harmand, H. Jouin, Bernard Pons, C. Fourment, Olivier Peyrusse, C. Bonte, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Materials science, Streak camera, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nanoclusters, Ion, law, Picosecond, Excited state, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report on a joint experimental–theoretical effort to shed light on the dynamics of rare gas (Ar) nanoclusters irradiated by short and intense laser pulses. The experiments employ a streak camera coupled to a conical crystal to yield energy- and time-resolved X-ray spectra, in the keV range on picosecond scale. These spectra display ultrafast subpicosecond ionization dynamics, leading to highly charged states such as Ar16+, and indicate that the duration of the energetic X-rays is less than the experimental 1.3 ps temporal resolution. The theoretical calculations rely on the well-known nanoplasma model, which has been improved to represent the collisional ionization processes that are of importance in nanoplasma dynamics. Allowance is made for high-order ionization transitions involving intermediate excited states. The simulations indicate significant populations of excited states of highly charged ions, in agreement with the experimental findings. Further, detailed collisional-radiative calculations indicate that the duration of the X-ray bursts is less than 100 fs.
Published: 2007
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36. High dynamic range streak camera for subpicosecond time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy

Author: J. P. Geindre, V. Pitre, J. C. Kieffer, P. Audebert, C. Bonte, Fabien Dorchies, Sebastien Magnan, Marion Harmand, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spectrometer, business.industry, Streak camera, Detector, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Optics, Signal-to-noise ratio, Temporal resolution, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Instrumentation, High dynamic range, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Jitter
Abstract: The full characterization of a time resolved x-ray spectrometer is presented. It is based on the coupling of a conical crystal with a subpicosecond x-ray streak camera. The detector is designed to operate in accumulation mode at high repetition rate (up to 1 kHz) allowing signal to noise ratio as high as 10(4):1. Optical switches have been used to limit the jitter induced in the subpicosecond range, demonstrating the very long term stability (a few hours) of the entire device. The data analysis have been developed to get the spectral and temporal resolution of an ultrashort laser-plasma-based x-ray source.
Published: 2007

37. Absolute energy distribution of hard X-rays poduced in the interaction of a kHz femtosecond laser with tantalum targets

Author: S. Petit, G. Claverie, F. Gobet, C. Fourment, B. Liesfeld, M. M. Aléonard, F. Hannachi, G. Malka, Dominique Descamps, M. Gerbaux, S. Hanvey, F. Blasco, J. N. Scheurer, J. F. Chemin, L. Robson, Robert Fedosejevs, P. Morel, Fabien Dorchies, M. Tarisien, V. Méot, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service de Physique Nucléaire (SERVICE DE PHYSIQUE NUCLéAIRE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Schaffner, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photon, plasma simulation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, tantalum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, plasma light propagation, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, high-speed optical techniques, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), plasma production by laser, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 52.59.Px, 52.25.Os, 52.50.Jm, 52.70.Nc, 52.38.Ph, 52.65.Pp, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, plasma diagnostics, business.industry, Compton scattering, Laser, Compton effect, Femtosecond, Scintillation counter, Plasma diagnostics, plasma X-ray sources, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Previous reports have indicated the anomalous excitation rate for the 6.2 keV nuclear level of 181Ta in a plasma produced with a femtosecond laser. A detailed characterization of the electrons and x-ray sources produced in such a plasma is required to interpret these results. In a preliminary work, the continuous energy distribution of hard x rays 10–500 keV produced in the interaction of a kilohertz femtosecond laser beam with a tantalum solid target is investigated in the 31015–6 1016 W/cm2 range of intensity. A sodium iodide detector with appropriate shielding is used. Strong collimation and absorption filters are used to avoid the pileup of photons in the detector. The response function of this setup is calculated with the GEANT3 simulation code. We demonstrate the necessity to quantify the Compton scattered events in the raw spectra in order to restore the absolute x-ray energy distribution.
Published: 2006
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38. Time-resolved X-ray spectra of hot & dense plasmas from laser-clusters interaction

Author: T. Caillaud, C. Bonte, J. J. Santos, J. Stevefelt, R. Fedosejevs, Marion Harmand, C. Fourment, Olivier Peyrusse, F. Blasco, Fabien Dorchies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Radius, Laser, Ion, law.invention, law, Femtosecond, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Interaction of femtosecond (30 fs - 5 ps) and intense (up to 10 17 W/cm 2 ) laser pulses with Ar clusters (180 to 350 A radius) has been studied. The laser absorption and the cluster heating have been measured using different diagnostics, demonstrating the production of very hot and dense plasmas, in the keV range. A special attention has been devoted to the K-shell x-ray emission spectra (2.9-3.3 keV). X-ray emission has been observed from ions in very high charge states (Ar 16+ ). Time-resolved measurements have been performed, giving evidence, for the first time, of extremely short x-ray pulses (
Published: 2006

39. Characterization of the new FX1 x-ray streak camera

Author: Catherine Goulmy, Jean-Claude Kieffer, Vincent Pitre, Jean-Claude Rebuffie, Fabien Dorchies, Sebastien Magnan, François Salin, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Tatchyn, R. O. and Chang, Z. and Kieffer, J. C. and Hastings, J. B., and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, business.industry, Streak camera, Streak, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, Temporal resolution, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, Time-resolved spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present the characterization of an ultrafast x-ray streak camera based on a new bilamellar x-ray tube. This camera, named FX1, has been tested in static (imaging) and dynamic (sweep) mode with several continuous and pulsed sub-picosecond UV and X-ray sources. The FX1 camera was designed to overcome some limitations observed with the PX1 camera which has been used previously at INRS to achieve high resolution sub-picosecond time resolved spectroscopy of ultrafast laser produced plasmas. Line Spread Function measurements indicated a strong improvement of the static image contribution to the temporal resolution compared to the PX1 camera performances [Rev. Sci. Instr. 71, 3627, 2000]. Furthermore a much higher dc extraction field can now be sustained at the photocathode-acceleration slit region. The FX1 camera has been successfully operated in various experimental conditions. An upper limit of the temporal response of the FX1 has been measured in the keV x-ray range in single shot mode with a laser-based x-ray source (2keV) having a duration (FWHM) of 1.4 ps. The FX1 camera has also been coupled to photoconductive switches and testesd in accumulation mode [Rev. Sci. Instr. 73, 1617, 2002] with VUV light produced with the 1 kHz Ti:sapphire laser of the CELIA. A newly assembled test-bench is now currently used at INRS for the characterisation of streak cameras in both single-shot and accumulation mode with the 10Hz Ti:sapphire laser of INRS.
Published: 2004
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40. Dynamics of Al thin foils irradiated by a subpicosecond high intensity laser pulse

Author: Fabien Dorchies, P. Gallant, J. C. Kieffer, Olivier Peyrusse, Dorchies, Fabien, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Intensity (physics), Pulse (physics), law.invention, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Optics, law, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, business, Spectroscopy, Inertial confinement fusion, FOIL method, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The decompression time of very thin self-standing aluminum foils (500 A
Published: 2003

41. X-ray spectromicroscopy of clusters heated by fs laser radiation

Author: Joseph Abdallah, S. Dobosz, S. Hulin, Alla S. Shlyaptseva, Pascal D'Oliveira, François Salin, I. Yu. Skobelev, G. C. Junkel-Vives, A. Ya. Faenov, Emile Biémont, A. I. Magunov, C. Stenz, U. I. Safronova, P. Monot, Fabien Dorchies, Thierry Auguste, Pascal Quinet, K. B. Fournier, Stephanie B. Hansen, T. A. Pikuz, F. Blasco, BIOVERT (BIOVERT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Serveurs Laser (SLIC), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, IPNAS, Université de Liège, Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Bianconi, A. and Marcelli, A. and Saini, N. L., Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, X-ray, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Plasma, Radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Ion, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The review of systematic investigations of X‐ray radiation properties of different clusters heated by short‐pulse (35–1100 fs) high‐intensive (1016– 1018 W/cm2) Ti:Sa laser radiation is presented. The cluster targets were formed by the adiabatic expansion in vacuum of an Kr or Ar gas jets produced by a pulsed valve with Laval or conical nozzles. The gas pressure is varied from 15 up to 100 bar. High spectrally (λ/δλ=4000–5000) and spatially (40–80 μm) resolved X‐Ray spectra near resonance lines (4‐2 transitions) of Ne‐like ions of Kr, H‐ and He‐like ions of Ar have been obtained and detailed spectroscopic analysis was consistent with a theoretical two‐temperature collisional‐radiative model of irradiated atomic clusters incorporating with an effects of highly energetic electrons. The role of laser prepulse for X‐ray intensity emission investigated in details. X‐ray spectra radiation from plasma with electron density more than 2×1022 cm−3 was observed. Big effect of fast electrons influence on the X‐ray emission of He‐like Ar and Ne‐like Kr spectra was demonstrated. Comparison of data obtained under various experimental conditions clearly showed that for increasing X‐ray output from plasma the most essential to increase size of clusters and has reasonable value of ps prepulse.
Published: 2003

42. Multi-keV picosecond x-ray source development from ultra-intense kHz laser-cluster interaction

Author: Jean-Claude Gauthier, Fabien Dorchies, Christophe Bonte, Jorgen Stevefelt, Frederic Blasco, Christian Stenz, Tony Caillaud, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Kyrala, G. A. and Gauthier, J. C. J. and MacDonald, C. A. and Khounsary, A. M., and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Argon, Streak camera, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Spectral line, law.invention, Ion, Optics, chemistry, law, Picosecond, Cluster (physics), Atomic physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Multi-keV X-ray source from intense laser-cluster interaction was experimentally studied. A special effort was first made in order to characterize the cluster target. K-shell emission of Argon clusters (around 3 keV) was then studied when irradiated by kHz, 30 fs, 10 17 W.cm -2 laser pulses. High-resolution spectra are presented, in this spectral range, as a function of laser duration and average cluster size. Signature of very highly charged ions (Ar 16+ ) was observed with relatively low intensity laser pulses (few 10 15 W.cm -2 ). This feature is not yet clearly understood nor reproduced by simulations. Optimal laser pulse duration was observed for X-ray production, depending on the cluster size. For the first time to our knowledge, the duration of K-shell X-ray bursts was measured with a home-made streak camera to be on the picosecond scale.
Published: 2003

43. Experimental study of K-shell X-ray emission from argon clusters irradiated by an ultra-intense laser pulse

Author: C. Stenz, T. Caillaud, Y. Glinec, J. Stevefelt, Fabien Dorchies, F. Blasco, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Argon, Streak camera, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron shell, chemistry.chemical_element, Radius, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pulse (physics), 010309 optics, Full width at half maximum, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The K-shell X-ray emission of argon clusters irradiated by 1017 W cm−2 laser pulses was spectrally resolved and investigated as a function of different laser and cluster parameters. A special effort was first realized in order to control the laser focusing into the cluster jet and the temporal laser pulse contrast which both were observed to have a drastic influence on the X-ray emission. Cluster mean radius was then varied from 200 to 350 A as well as the laser pulse duration from 30 fs to 3.5 ps (FWHM). The X-ray emission was observed to reach a maximal value for a given laser pulse duration (typically a few times 100 fs), increasing with the cluster mean radius. These observations can be understood in terms of density resonance effect. The X-ray emission duration was also investigated above 3 keV with a streak camera (resolution about 1 ps (FWHM) at 1 kHz). This duration was observed to be close to 3.5 ps (FWHM) at the optimal X-ray emission.
Published: 2003

44. Time-dependent study of K-shell satellite line structure from L-shell ions in ultra-short laser argon cluster experiments

Author: A. Ya. Faenov, T. A. Pikuz, F. Blasco, C. Salin, G. C. Junkel-Vives, T. Caillaud, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. I. Magunov, C. Stenz, Fabien Dorchies, Joseph Abdallah, C. Bonte, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), BIOVERT (BIOVERT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiation, Argon, Materials science, Electron shell, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Cluster (physics), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The interaction of high-power, ultra-short, femtosecond laser pulses with matter, particularly solids and atomic gas clusters has been an area of extensive research in recent years. In particular, gas cluster targets, with their high densities and resistance to heat conduction, combine the advantages of both gas and solid targets. High temperature and high-density plasmas with satellite lines from multiply charged ions have been observed: 2p-1s emissions in Li-like through F-like ions appear in the experimental spectrum. The experimental satellite spectra show sensitivity to pulse duration, laser contrast, and cluster size. Since the laser energy is deposited in such a short timescale, a time-dependent model is being developed to study the plasma formation in such systems. In the present work, preliminary time-integrated spectra simulated from this model are presented assuming different initial conditions for the pre-plasma. The computational model also includes a provision for non-thermal electrons at energies substantially above the mean plasma temperature.
Published: 2003

45. Experimental and numerical studies of structure of cluster targets for femtosecond laser pulses

Author: Christian Stenz, Vladimir A. Gasilov, Alexei S. Boldarev, Fréd. éric Blasco, Fabien Dorchies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Krokhin, O. N. and Guskov, S. Y. and Merkulev, Y. A., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, business.industry, Radius, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, Distribution function, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, symbols, Cluster (physics), Rayleigh scattering, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A mathematical model of clusters forming in gas jets is proposed. This model concerns with the representation of the clusters by the moments of the distribution function of the clusters with respect to the radius. This model uses the kinetic theory of phase transitions presented by Frenkel for the kinetic of the clusters formation. The numerical results obtained with the help of this model are compared with the direct experimental measurements based on Mach-Zehnder interferometry and Rayleigh scattering.
Published: 2003

46. Spatial distribution of cluster size and density in supersonic jets as targets for intense laser pulses

Author: T. Caillaud, J. Stevefelt, Fabien Dorchies, A. S. Boldarev, Vladimir A. Gasilov, F. Blasco, C. Stenz, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Shock wave, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Jet (fluid), Argon, business.industry, Nozzle, chemistry.chemical_element, Order (ring theory), Radius, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Optics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Production (computer science), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Clusters were produced as a result of argon gas cooling during expansion through a supersonic nozzle. A two-dimensional model was set up in order to calculate gas expansion and partial condensation into clusters. Calculations were validated by experimental measurements using Mach-Zehnder interferometry and Rayleigh scattering, and performed with two types of nozzles (Laval and conical nozzles). These optical diagnostics together with numerical simulations led to the cluster size and density determination with spatial resolution through the gas and cluster jet. Cluster production was observed to be very sensitive to the nozzle geometry. Homogeneous gas and cluster jets were produced and characterized using conical nozzle geometry, with cluster density about ${10}^{12}{\mathrm{per}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{3}.$ Due to the fast valve-nozzle connecting geometry, shock waves have been observed at the Laval nozzle throat that strongly affected cluster production on the jet axis. Averaged cluster radius was observed to be easily tunable from 180 to 350 \AA{} by varying the upstream gas pressure ${P}_{0}$ from 20 to 60 bars. A different scaling law, versus ${P}_{0},$ has been observed for this regime of large cluster, compared to Hagena's predictions for the small cluster regime.
Published: 2003

47. On the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with cluster targets

Author: François Salin, C. Stenz, Fabien Dorchies, P. D' Oliveira, J. Abdallach, T. A. Pikuz, C. Bonte, P. Monot, Vladimir A. Gasilov, G. C. Junkel-Vives, B. Yu. Sharkov, F. Blasco, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. I. Magunov, T. Auguste, S. Hulin, A. S. Boldarev, T. Caillaud, A. Ya. Faenov, BIOVERT (BIOVERT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Serveurs Laser (SLIC), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Dorchies, Fabien
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Jet (fluid), Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Cluster (physics), Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The heating of clusters by femtosecond laser pulses is studied theoretically and experimentally. Both the formation of a cluster target and the results of experimental studies of the cluster plasma by the methods of X-ray emission spectroscopy are considered. A numerical model of cluster formation in a supersonic gas jet is proposed. It is shown that detailed studies of two-phase gas-dynamic processes in a nozzle forming the jet give the spatial distributions of all parameters required for the correct calculation of the cluster heating by short laser pulses. Calculations of nozzles of different configurations show that in a number of cases an almost homogeneous cluster target can be formed, whereas in other cases the distributions of parameters prove to be not only inhomogeneous but also even nonmonotonic. A simple physical model of the plasma production by a femtosecond laser pulse and a picosecond prepulse is proposed. It is shown that a comparison of X-ray spectra with detailed calculations of the ion kinetics makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the plasma being produced.
Published: 2002

48. Evidence of supercritical density in 45-fs-laser-irradiated Ar-cluster plasmas

Author: T. Caillaud, A. I. Magunov, Fabien Dorchies, T. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, I. Yu. Skobelev, G. C. Junkel-Vives, C. Bonte, Joseph Abdallah, C. Stenz, François Salin, F. Blasco, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), BIOVERT (BIOVERT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Argon, Order (ring theory), chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Electron, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Plasmas have been created by irradiating atomic clusters of argon with high-contrast, ultrashort $(l100\mathrm{fs})$ laser pulses and recording the corresponding K-shell emission spectra. The high-resolution Ar K-shell spectra were analyzed using a theoretical two-temperature collisional-radiative model of irradiated atomic clusters incorporating the effects of highly energetic electrons $(\ensuremath{\sim}5\mathrm{keV}).$ Comparison of the measured spectrum with the calculations indicates that a supercritical density near ${N}_{e}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{22}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ was attained in the shortest-pulse and highest-contrast shots. Results from additional experiments using pulses on the order of 300--400 fs are also consistent with a hydrodynamic model of laser-cluster interactions.
Published: 2002

49. Observation of dielectronic satellites in the K-spectrum of argon ions in plasma produced by femtosecond laser pulses

Author: T. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, C. Stenz, F. Blasco, Fabien Dorchies, C. Bonte, Pascal Quinet, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. I. Magunov, Emile Biémont, T. Caillaud, François Salin, BIOVERT (BIOVERT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IPNAS, Université de Liège, Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], education.field_of_study, Materials science, Argon, Plasma parameters, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Physics::Atomic Physics, Spectral resolution, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The satellite structure of 1s2p1,3P1-1s21S0 lines of the He-like argon ion in plasma produced by a 45-fs laser pulse in a gas-jet cluster target is measured with a high spectral resolution. Radiation transitions 2p → 1s from autoionizing states (AISs) are detected for ions ranging from Li-like to F-like. The spectrum observed is theoretically simulated with the use of the spectroscopic data for the AISs of multicharged ions obtained within the multiconfiguration relativistic Hartree-Fock method. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained when the main population channels of these states are taken into account for typical values of cluster-target plasma parameters.
Published: 2002

50. Spectral Studies of Short Pulse Laser Irradiated Argon Clusters

Author: Thierry Auguste, T. A. Pikuz, P. Monot, François Salin, Fabien Dorchies, F. Blasco, C. Stenz, I. Yu. Skobelev, G. C. Junkel-Vives, A. I. Magunov, A. Ya. Faenov, S. Dobosz, S. Hulin, Joseph Abdallah, Pascal D'Oliveira, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BIOVERT (BIOVERT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Serveurs Laser (SLIC), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Schultz, D. R. and Meyer, F. W. and Ownby, F., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Physics, Argon, Plasma parameters, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The systematic experimental studies of plasma produced upon the interaction of ultra‐short laser pulses with cluster targets are carried out using the methods of x‐ray spectroscopy. The dependence of the plasma parameters on the initial properties of a cluster target such as the design of a supersonic nozzle, the average size of clusters, and their spatial distribution as well as the laser‐pulse properties of duration and contrast are studied. The plasma diagnostics is performed using the model of spectra formation that provides a good agreement with the experimental data.
Published: 2002
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