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Students sometimes think that learning English is difficult and too boring in turn makes them lazy to attend the learning of English in the classroom. It is a common problem faced today, either students or teachers, especially for English as foreign language (EFL). For the students, they need innovation which can interest and motivate them to overcome the students’ laziness. According to Chan, et.al. (2017: 93), nowadays, with the rapid growth and availability of technology, traditional teaching approaches are often complemented by new innovation as additional teaching aids along with the textbooks to teach language. Meanwhile for the teachers, they have to show their innovation which can maintain the students’ participation actively in the classroom. One of the innovations offered is the developing of teaching materials dynamically by using literature (literary works). In other side, teachers can also improve their students activities by applying the communicative approach in English language teaching (ELT). The two important things (material and approach) can be matched together in building up an innovation teaching and learning in the classroom. more...

Kerr defines curriculum as “all the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school” (quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999). This gives us some basis to move on - and for the moment all we need to do is highlight two of the key features: “planned” and “guided.” There are four ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice: (1) curriculum as a body of knowledge to be submitted, (2) curriculum as an attempt to achieve certain ends in students-product, (3) curriculum as process, and (4) curriculum as praxis. more...