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This paper deals with the second order design of deformation monitoring networks taking into consideration prior deformation information (the deformation model and deformation direction). The relation between precision and sensitivity for monitoring networks is discussed. The reliability and sensitivity constraints of monitoring networks are respectively derived. Finally, taking into consideration sensitivity, precision and reliability criteria, a new design method is given for the second order design of monitoring networks by linear programming.It is shown, using a design example, that with this new method, it is not only possible but also necessary to design monitoring networks according to a defined or pre-conceived deformation model using deformation information obtained from geological or geophysical investigations.

According to the testing theory with two alternative hypotheses, the theory of detectability for a deformation monitoring network has been extended to the theory of separability for deformations and gross errors. With this theory it can be evaluated whether deformations and gross errors can be statistically distinguished each other, which is very important for deformation analysis. General formulas are established and the separability between deformations and gross errors for some typical deformation models is investigated. An example of separating gross errors from deformations is given.