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Reflection is a complex concept in medical education research. No consensus exists on what reflection exactly entails; thus far, cross-comparing empirical findings has not resulted in definite evidence on how to foster reflection. The concept is as slippery as soap. This leaves the research field with the question, ‘how can research approach the conceptual indeterminacy of reflection to produce knowledge?’. The authors conducted a critical narrative umbrella review of research on reflection in medical education. Forty-seven review studies on reflection research from 2000 onwards were reviewed. The authors used the foundational literature on reflection from Dewey and Schön as an analytical lens to identify and critically juxtapose common approaches in reflection research that tackle the conceptual complexity. Research on reflection must deal with the paradox that every conceptualization of reflection is either too sharp or too broad because it is entrenched in practice. The key to conceptualizing reflection lies in its use and purpose, which can be provided by in situ research of reflective practices.

Web services are moving toward a new emerging technology lead to the migration of SOAP to RESTful API, which is an Architectural Style that holds Lightweight, Stateless, Uniform Interface, etc., as its constraints. Various sources of clusters of resources, entity, database relations are access throughout the distributed environment across the internet. Generative Power of the RESTful API witnesses the emergence of many companies whose whole business process is based upon the building applications. Since the Syntactic essentials of RESTful Web Services are mainly concerned with the RESTful API, there is a need for evaluation of those essentials whether they are computable or not. The proposed work is carried out on taking resources as simple and effective using Primitive Recursive Function (PRF). Primitive Recursive Function (PRF) uses Turing Machine for REST API capability evaluation and the Service Invocation along with the Application Logic and AppState Logic in order to handle manageability of the RESTful resources via computability evaluation with or without security. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our evaluation process, we conduct a case study on the available REST web services using Primitive Recursive Resources (PRR). The results of our case study show that our evaluation process achieves greater portability, reliability, scalability, etc., which in turn results in high performance.

The Krueng Barona Jaya is a sub-district in Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This sub-district is located near the Ulee Kareng area, Banda Aceh. The Krueng Barona Jaya sub-district has at least more than 16,000 people spread across a number of locations. Most of the residents in Krueng Barona sub-district earn their living as farmers, domestic workers, civil servants, entrepreneurs, and 31.53% have temporary jobs. This situation can be improved by providing various training to residents to help them establish their own or group businesses. The community service activity is intended to improve public understanding about technology of making liquid soap. To achieve this objective the team sincerely helped provided training on the process of making liquid soap for mothers in the family-welfare-empowerment group. The results of interviews with the community and sub-district officials showed that the women of the group were very enthusiastic in participating in soap making training and other similar activities. The results of interviews with the community and sub-district officials showed that the women of the group were very enthusiastic in participating in soap making training and other similar activities. The results of the discussion indicated that the participants’ mastery of making soap was very good. This training and coaching opens people’s mind to change their habits and thinking patterns.

The cannabis plant is essentially a variety of the Cannabis Sativa L. plant. It is used in the textile, energy, automotive and cosmetics. The use of oil derived from hemp seeds has become widespread in cosmetics. Hemp seed oil does not contain Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and it is used in the production of food, biodiesel and polymers as well as cosmetics. In this study, different concentrations of hemp seed oil were used in cream and soap formulations, which are among the cosmetic products, and effect on skin hydration, sebum and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) on the skin was investigated. At the same time, the foaming test was applied to soaps containing different concentrations of hemp seed oil to see effects of soap foam performance. To analyse these, a rinse-off and leave-on product were selected. In soap formulations, there is positive effect on skin hydration and TEWL with sebum decrease. The most important change in cream formulations with respect to bar soap formulations is the increases in sebum. The effects of hemp seed oil on soap foam performance were examined. As a result of the study, its effect on the foam of the soap base which is used in this study is positive.

The problem of garbage is a classic problem that repeatedly faced by the surrounding residents, especially in the Village of Peace. Because of the amount and level of danger, waste, especially plastic waste composed of chemicals, is difficult to decompose so that it is dangerous for the environment, so it is necessary to process waste to turn plastic waste into something useful. Based on surveys in the peaceful village area, North Binjai people still mostly do not have a fixed income. The implementation of the results of plastic bottle waste treatment into liquid hand soap packaging products in Damai Village was carried out to raise awareness of residents and provide ideas on how to increase their income. In addition, it can minimize pollution, so that the residents of The Peace Village can be more concerned about environmental cleanliness. The methods used in the program of utilizing plastic waste as packaging products are divided into two, namely the stage of exposure or explanation and the stage of practice to the community. Through training and mentoring the manufacture of hand washing soap and the utilization of plastic bottle waste, residents get insight into business opportunities that can be created through these creative ideas, and residents are already able to make liquid hand soap that can be sold. Through the training program on making hand soap in Damai Village, it is hoped that it can be an alternative to the use of plastic bottle waste which can be a product that can help improve the economy of the surrounding community.

The South Tangerang Health Office noted that there were 285 new cases of Covid 19 in April. The addition of positive cases in South Tangerang is the second-highest since the Covid-19 pandemic hit in March 2020. Based on several studies in the southern Tangerang city area, there is still a lack of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in washing hands with soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of healthy and healthy behavior (PHBS) by washing hands with soap during the covid-19 pandemic in the city of South Tangerang. The type of research used is qualitative research. The statements of the four informants regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding handwashing with soap during this pandemic are quite good. Washing hands with soap during this pandemic is very important. According to the results of research on members of each researcher in South Tangerang City, washing hands with soap during the pandemic has considered very important.

Various materials, depending on the personality of the artist, are required for contemporary art. Thus, it is necessary to decipher the expressive intentions of the artist and characteristics of the materials required for the conservation of such art. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes underlying the deterioration of sculptures made from soap and to determine the ideal hygrothermal environment required to stably exhibit and store these artworks. Furthermore, we aim to maintain the long-term structures of the artworks in accordance with the changing expressions and intentions of the artist. Our analysis confirmed that the extracts of the soap sculptures were composed of glycerin and that the sculptures were sensitive to humidity. Moreover, we determined that a relative humidity (RH.) of approximately 60~65% made for an appropriate hygrothermal environment required to preserve the sculptures. We also preserved each work in various ways by applying appropriate preservation treatment, and found that the optimum preservation environment for soap sculptures was a temperature of 20±2°C and a RH. of 60±5%.

Cooking oil is one of the main staples needed in households. Cooking oil that is no longer used can cause household waste. Unused waste oil or used cooking oil, if not managed properly, will cause environmental pollution. There are still many people who do not know how to process the remaining unused oil. Therefore, as a form of community service from the Tangerang Muhammadiyah College of Pharmacy, we tried to invite the community in the Green Palme Housing, Cileles, Tangerang Regency to be able to participate in processing used cooking oil waste so that it can be used as a useful product, namely soap making. The method used in this activity is to provide training on recycling used cooking oil by adding lemongrass essential oil to make herbal-based bath soap. Community service broadly includes 3 activities, namely data collection of participants, delivery of material by lecturers, and mentoring of soap making practices by lecturers of STF Muhammadiyah Tangerang. This training activity is expected to open up opportunities for entrepreneurship, encourage industrial houses, assist in packaging and product marketing to the community, to improve the living standards of the communities around those affected by PPKM, create jobs, and make people's lives better.

Em uma tentativa de reduzir o alto índice de desemprego, evitar a contaminação do ambiente pelo óleo residual e melhorar a autoestima, o projeto de fabricação de sabão começou a ser realizado em Ouro Preto e, posteriormente, em um distrito de Ouro Preto. Inicialmente, para atingir esses objetivos, foram ofertados cursos sobre fabricação de sabão, meio ambiente e psicologia organizacional. Com o decorrer do projeto, foram abordados ainda os temas gestão fi nanceira e empresarial. Durante o desenvolvimento do projeto, o crescimento foi de todos: dos professores, que trabalharam com demandas reais, dos alunos, que aprenderam sobre temas variados, e da comunidade, que aprendia teorias científi cas e ensinava observações práticas. Ao fi nal, o grupo de mulheres já conseguia fazer sabão e, com a venda do produto, a renda familiar e a autoestima delas aumentaram. In an attempt to reduce the high unemployment, prevent environmental contamination by residual oil and improve self-esteem, the Soap Manufacturing project began to be held in Ouro Preto, and later, in a district of Ouro Preto. Initially, to achieve these objectives were offered courses menu in soap making, environment and organizational psychology. In the course of the project were discussed, also, fi nancial management and business. During the project development, the growth was all: the teachers who worked with real demands, the students learned about various topics and the community, learning scientifi c theories and teaching practical observations. At the end, the women’s group was able to make soap, and with the sale of the same, family income and self-esteem increased.

Determining the selling price of a product based on the cost of production can help find out what the right product selling price is to cover all production costs. This study aims to determine the calculation of the cost of production using the full costing method and to determine the calculation of the selling price set by the Soap Kelle Sari Amertha Business and the selling price based on the calculation of the cost of production according to the full costing method. This research was conducted at the Soap Kelle Sari Amertha Business located in Banjar Petapan, Aan Village, Banjarangkan, Klungkung. The type of research used is qualitative research through interview and observation data collection techniques with data sources using primary data. The data analysis technique in this study is the full costing method. The results of this study indicate that the cost of production according to the Soap Kelle Sari Amertha Business and the cost of production according to the full costing method obtain different results so that there is a difference of Rp 5,825. The comparison of selling prices also shows that there is a difference in results between the selling price according to the Soap Kelle Sari Amertha Business and the selling price according to the calculation of the cost of production based on the full costing method.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia and is also a potential disease outbreak which is often accompanied by death. In 2015, the number of diarrhea sufferers in the working area of the Parang Health Center ranked first as many as 782 people. AIM: This study aims to determine whether the behavior of washing hands with soap and the physical condition of the cooking food storage area is a supporter of the incidence of diarrhea in Pragak Village, Parang District, Magetan Regency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This type of analytic research with case–control design. The population of Pragak village is 2500 families. The sample is a resident of Pragak Village, who suffers from diarrhea and does not suffer from diarrhea at the same time by 40 respondents; the sampling method is simple random sampling technique. The independent variable is the behavior of washing hands using soap; the physical condition of the cooking food storage area, the dependent variable is the incidence of diarrhea. Data collection by means of questionnaire interviews and direct observation. Data analysis with Chi-square statistical test. RESULTS: The results of the statistical test obtained p-value (0.027) < (0.05) which means that there is a relationship between the behavior of washing hands with soap on the incidence of diarrheal disease and odds ratio (OR) (4.333 > 1) is a risk factor. The results of the statistical test of the physical condition of the cooking food storage area obtained p-value (0.695) > (0.05) which means that there is no relationship between the physical condition of the cooking food storage area to the incidence of diarrheal disease and OR (0.529) < 1 is a protective factor. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of the study stated that the behavior of washing hands with soap was proven to be a contributing factor to the incidence of diarrheal disease. Meanwhile, the physical condition of the storage area for cooked food is not considered a factor in the incidence of diarrheal disease.

Large consumption of cooking oil may cause water pollution, especially in the housing area. These community developments aim to change the behavior of households to recreate waste cooking oil to become a multipurpose natural soap. A housewife or a working mom can be an entrepreneur for this creative product. Specifically, it is called an ecopreneur because of the green product. Soap can promote and sell through social media such as Instagram. Online workshops, observation, and interviews were used as a method to run this project. The result can be found that someone who cares about the environment will take a little step to make a big change. She also encourages her neighborhoods and also food stalls not just to throw away the cooking oil waste but make it more useful. She used this soap, not only for individual use, give it to those who want it, and also for souvenirs. Instagram with hashtags figure does works for promotion specially to create positive electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM). Instagram also can make it possible to reach green consumers, not only for selling purposes but to build awareness, creativity, and relationship with other green consumers together to save the environment and make a sustainable living.

Social and behavior change (SBC) has long been recognized as a necessary step in the promotion of handwashing with soap (HHWS), and identifying the barriers and enablers of this behavior are key to increasing its adoption. Based on the health belief model (HBM), the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and other behavioral models, this barrier analysis study was conducted to identify the barriers and enablers of HWWS after defecation in an urban setting in Bangladesh. We conducted interviews with 45 adults who washed their hands with soap after defecation (doers) and compared them to 45 adults who did not (non-doers). The analysis showed that the main barriers of HWWS after defecation were related to perceived self-efficacy, difficulty to remember to buy soap, access to low-cost soap, low perceived severity of diarrhea, and not believing that HWWS would reduce diarrhea. Believing that it is Allah's will when one gets diarrhea was mentioned more frequently by the non-doers, while feeling clean and keeping free from illness were reported as benefits of HWWS significantly by the doers. The results suggest that an SBC strategy that addresses these key barriers and enablers would be more effective in promoting the adoption of HWWS. HIGHLIGHTS This study has revealed critical differences in beliefs between doers and non-doers on HWWS from a behavioral perspective.; Key barriers included access to soap and handwashing station and difficulty in remembering to hand wash.; Self-efficacy and social norms are important determinants of HWWS behavior.; Targeting the specific behavioral determinants is critical to increase the adoption of HWWS behavior.

The Covid-19 pandemic has become a global health emergency. The prevention efforts are continuously being carried out to reduce the number of people exposed to the Covid-19 virus. The aim of this studi is to provide information about Covid-19 cases that are vulnerable to attack people aged over 60 years and to educate for the elderly about how to make paper soap and instant masks. The socialization of making instant soap and masks was carried out to the elderly group in Karang Anyar II Village, North Bengkulu Regency. The methods used in the socialization include story, discussions, demos and practice. The story method used in the process of delivering material and providing motivation to the public on the importance of maintaining health during this pandemic. The discussion method used as a medium of communication during socialization takes place so that there is two-way communication between the community and the presenter. The demos method used in presenting an example of making soap and the last is practice method that used when providing knowledge about making instant cloth masks. Some of the equipment used during the practice included cloth, rubber rope, double tip, scissors, brush, liquid soap and paper. The results of the implementation of group activities 90% of the elderly can understand the explanation and practice making instant masks and making paper soap. The enthusiasm of the participants can be seen from the number of participants who attended as many as 37 people.

John Knight and Sons soap company, like other successful soap manufacturers in Greater London, grew during the nineteenth century by combining technological innovation and marketing to sell increasing quantities of a product the British public increasingly saw as a symbol of their advanced civilisation. They did not struggle with the ecological limits of their regional hinterlands to provide the raw materials, as they relied on growing quantities of tallow, rosin and other commodities supplied from overseas ghost acres. John Knight and Sons linked consumers to environmental transformations and large-scale colonial dispossession in Europe, the Americas and Australasia. Millions of sheep and cattle were raised on the abundant grasslands found on the Eurasian steppe, the Pampas, the Great Plains and in Australasia, many of which were killed and processed only for their tallow, skins or hides. Economic and environmental factors created significant instability in the global tallow supply, but the end result was greater quantities of cheaper tallow shipped to market in London. These global ghost acres made the nineteenth century success of John Knight and Sons and other major soap producers in Greater London possible.

UKM (small and medium enterprises) in the Tembesi Tower, Tembesi sub-district, are not developing well. This is indicated by the low turnover obtained by each UKM (small and medium enterprise) in 1 month. customer expectations. New products must be made so that these small and medium businesses can survive and continue to exist. The new product must have a distinctive and good quality so that the product positioning is clearer and able to compete with other products on the market. This service activity aims to provide a solution to this by creating a new product in the form of a dab soap that is safe for health and environmentally friendly. Some soaps circulating in the market only prioritize cleaning power, but the chemical content in the soap is harmful to health and the environment. The impact of conventional soap on health is irritation of the skin which, if left for a long time, the irritation will turn into eczema. In addition, conventional soap also harms the environment because the raw material for soap comes from petroleum which is difficult to be broken down by bacteria. Community service activities are carried out in the form of coaching. The service team expects to increase the income and advantages of UKM (small and medium businesses) in the Tembesi Tower and to be able to create jobs or open a business with a revolutionary cream soap product design.

Here we present the efficacies of Murraya koenigii leaves extract as natural antibacterial agents bythe ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterialactivities of formulated liquid hand soap with different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) ofM. koenigii extracts were determined by paper disc diffusion method. M. koenigii leaves extract at10 mg/mL concentration had the ability to inhibit the growth of both test microorganisms. Whereas,for liquid hand soap formulated with 10, 30 and 50 mg/mL M. koenigii extracts, inhibition zoneswere observed on S. aureus assay plates but not on E. coli. Hence, the results suggested that liquidhand soap containing M. koenigii extract had therapeutic potentials to prevent spread of skindiseases caused by S. aureus.

Businesses are increasingly deploying their services on the web, in the form of web applications, SOAP services, message-based services, and, more recently, REST services. Although the movement towards REST is widely recognized, there is not much concrete information regarding the technical features being used in the field, such as typical data formats, how HTTP verbs are being used, or typical URI structures, just to name a few. In this paper, we go through the Alexa.com top 4000 most popular sites to identify precisely 500 websites claiming to provide a REST web service API. We analyze these 500 APIs for key technical features, degree of compliance with REST architectural principles (e.g., resource addressability), and for adherence to best practices (e.g., API versioning). We observed several trends (e.g., widespread JSON support, software-generated documentation), but, at the same time, high diversity in services, including differences in adherence to best practices, with only 0.8 percent of services strictly complying with all REST principles. Our results can help practitioners evolve guidelines and standards for designing higher quality services and also understand deficiencies in currently deployed services. Researchers may also benefit from the identification of key research areas, contributing to the deployment of more reliable services.

Media often serve as audiences’ primary source of information about the carceral system and inmates’ lived experiences. While prison media frequently employ violent tropes, these narratives are scr...

The research aims to find out whether Effect of Health Education Demonstration Media on Knowledge of Handwashing with Soap (CTPS) in the Work Area of ​​the Sei Pancur Health Center Batam City. Research methods used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test. Research result shows that In the pre-test as many as 88.9% of respondents lack knowledge on washing Hands with Soap (CTPS) and on the Post-test as many as 92.6% of respondents Good knowledge of washing Hands with Soap (CTPS) in this case, there is a significant effect between the knowledge of 6 steps of handwashing before and after the intervention of health education about Hand Washing with Soap 6 Steps with demonstration media in Early Childhood in the Work Area of ​​the Sei Pancur Health Center Batam City. Conclusion: There is an effect Demonstration Method on increasing the knowledge of early childhood in proper hand washing in the Work Area of ​​the Sei Pancur Health Center Batam City. Suggestion: The school should further improve the provision of health information, especially about proper handwashing through various health education methods so that early childhood children are happy and not bored in following it.

Handwashing with soap (HWWS) practice among mothers is critical in preventing childhood illnesses. This study aims to describe HWWS knowledge and practice among mothers of children aged under 11 and associated factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 319 mothers in 4 provinces in Vietnam, namely Dien Bien, Tuyen Quang, Hoa Binh, and Dak Lak, representing the region Northern Mountains and Central Highlands 2019. Knowledge of HWWS is measured through questionnaire interviews. HWWS practice is measured by the “Sticker Diary” method. Results show that while the proportion of mothers with knowledge on HWWS after defecation/toilet/using latrine is 84.6%, only 19.4% of mothers said that they need to HWWS after cleaning a child’s bottom/child’s feces, 17.6% before feeding children, and 39.2% HWWS before cooking/serving food. Less than 50% of mothers practice washing their hands with soap at critical times. The study shows a signifcant association between attributes such as educational level, occupation, economic status, and knowledge of HWWS. The study also fnds an association between the ethnic group, fnancial situation, knowledge, and practice HWWS among mothers of children under age 11.

The lack of public concern for washing hands during the Covid-19 pandemic, the authors designed an automatic sink using an arduino-based HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor to attract the public's interest. By making automatic sink technology using the HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor based on Arduino for use in hand washing by the community. This study uses experimental research that examines the effect of automatic washbasin with people's behavior in washing hands. By testing the use of water in 20 seconds, 43 people can use it in one day, and soap can be used by 6 people in one day in 5 seconds. The automatic sink using the HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor based arduino can be used with a distance that is made less than 15cm designed to be practical and sterile because it is used that does not touch faucets or soap. The conclusion of the study is that if there is an object that approaches the ultrasound sensor within a distance of less than 15cm, the water pump will be active for 20 seconds or the soap pump for 5 seconds will automatically come out. And it will run out if used for 934 seconds in 1 liter gallon or 46 people a day and the use of soap for 5 seconds will run out approximately 6 people in one day.

Much waste cooking oil (WCO) is still discarded even though it can be processed into more valuable products, such as dishwashing liquid soap. The quality of dishwashing liquid soap made from WCO is influenced by the method used, the concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the adsorption material used. Variations of these three variables produce different qualities. Soap quality is measured based on PH, free alkalis and fatty acids produced. This study uses an experimental design to produce the best combination. The results of the combination will be checked for conformity with the quality standards of SNI 06-2048-1990. The best treatment combination is the cold method, 22.5% KOH concentration, activated carbon purification material with a pH value of 9.00, 0.05 free alkalis, and 0.32 free fatty acids. The soap products produced are in accordance with Indonesian quality standards and generate profits economically.

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Objectives: Self-reflection has been shown to foster clinical reasoning competencies (CRC). Thus, the SOAP+, which incorporated self-reflection into the SOAP note, has been implemented in community pharmacy clerkship. The aims of this study was to explore the opinion of pharmacy students regarding 1) the confidence in CRC in community pharmacy practice following the SOAP+ writing and 2) the benefits of reflection in SOAP+ writing.Methods: This was a mixed method study, including a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions of 6th year pharmacy students. The self-rating confidence score before SOAP writing, after SOAP writing, and after reflection writing to complete the SOAP+ were compared using repeated measure ANOVA. The data from the focus group discussions was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-seven students completed the questionnaire (68.52% response rate). The scores after reflection writing are the highest score with statistically significant difference for every CRC. The perceived benefits of reflection include promoting of self-directed learning, CRC improvement, and improvement of assessment validity. Conclusions: The student confidence regarding CRC in community pharmacy practice were improved through SOAP+ writing, which promotes self-reflection and learning from student experiences.

Introduction: Hand washing with soap with running water is the most cost-effective way to protect us from infectious diseases. Objective: To analyze the effect of the audiovisual method intervention on improvement the knowledge of family heads implementing hand washing with soap in the city of Sorong. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental design research type with the design used is time series design. There are 30 of family heads in RT 03/RW 05 of Klasaman sub-district, Sorong city as respondent in this research. Results: The study showed that there was an effect of using the audiovisual method hand washing with soap (CTPS) on knowledge improvement of family heads in the city of Sorong with the sig. value (2 tailed) was 0.000

The Mobile intermittent wireless connectivity limits the evolution of the mobile landscape, such that this progress coupled with the ubiquitous nature of the Internet and the web services. The web service Reliability achieves the low overhead communication and retrieves the appropriate state response from the web service consumption. This paper discusses and analyzes the most recent approaches that achieve the reliability of web services consumed by mobile devices. Achieving the reliable web service consumption istended to two approaches: Middleware approach and Mobile Agent(MA) approach. Both of them focus on ensuring the request execution under the communication limitations and services temporary unavailability., 2015 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS). IEEE, 2015. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.12404, arXiv:2207.11608

Media is an integral part of society and it plays vital role for inculcating information. In the course of accomplishing its duties and functions, media, especially television influence on society relatively depending on the audience it reaches. Soaps have a predominant female audience. Some soaps do include men viewers but some social researchers pointed, women are considering most peculiar viewers. They are emotionally attached and value particular soaps in their personal and domestic life. Today people are leading a fast life. People should have some kind of recreation in their get relation of their physical and psychological balances of life. So, different people have different activities to spend their leisure. Based on the present study, most of the women are getting involved with the soap opera and were emotionally attached and curiously waiting for next episodes as it is effecting social, family and occupational life. So the present study tried to come out with fact of effects of soap operas’ on women’s behaviour in the aspects of socio- cultural aspects, economic aspects, psychological aspects, physiological aspects and functional aspects.

Tallow mainly consists of triglycerides, whose major constituents are derived from stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, and its usage reduces production cost of soap, adds lather stability and hardness to soap. Laundry soaps were produced with variation on amount of tallow (sourced from cow, sheep and goat) and labelled as A, B, C, D and E formulations. The respective tallows were characterized in terms of saponification value and acid value and determined to be 192.14 and 2.24mg KOH/g (cow tallow); 200.56 and 2.38mgKOH/g (sheep tallow) and 197.75 and 1.96 mgKOH/g (goat tallow). The physicochemical properties of soap which determine its area of usage and cleansing properties were determined. The properties considered in this work were hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content, and total fatty matter. The hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content and total fatty matter of the produced soaps were determined and ranged between mild-deep penetration level; 11-21%; 1-9cm; 8-10.5; 0.16-0.82% and 40-86% respectively. From the comparative analysis, soap made from sheep tallow has the lowest penetration level (with formulations B and E), lowest free acidity content of 0.16% (with formulation A), highest total fatty matter of 86% (using formulation E), highest foam height of 9cm (with formulation A), lowest moisture content of 11% (with formulation A) and mild alkalinity of 8 (with formulations A, B and E). These results showed that the soaps produced from sheep tallow are the best in terms of hardness, lather and skin friendliness, due to its high degree of longer carbon chain lengths of fatty acids. These values satisfy the standard limit set for good quality laundry soap by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control and Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, respectively.

One of the goals of the company is to seek maximum profit or profit. The Republic Of Soap company is a company that has problems in its production process, namely the limited raw materials it has. Where the soap produced by the Republic Of Soap company is 40 grams of soap, 100 grams of soap, and 125 grams of soap. With these problems, an optimization system for the use of raw materials is needed that can make it easier for the company to determine the maximum profit. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of optimal benefits from the limited raw materials for soap production that can be obtained by the Republic Of Soap company. This system is able to generate optimal profit by implementing the simplex algorithm. The results of this research can produce 20.20 batches of soap which will be produced later on 40 grams of soap with a total profit of Rp. 4. 251,151.52. System testing shows that the system is able to generate optimal profit, so it can be said that this system is running well

Pesquisadores demonstraram que o vírus SARS-CoV-2, responsável pela pandemia da COVID-19, apresenta membrana lipídica (gordura) em sua estrutura, e o uso do sabão durante a lavagem das mãos é uma das medidas mais eficazes para eliminá-lo, embora muitas localidades não têm acesso à água potável nem, tampouco, ao uso de sabão para higienização. Assim, com o apoio do Programa Hidrológico Intergovernamental para América Latina e Caribe, o Núcleo da Cátedra UNESCO: Água, Mulheres e Desenvolvimento (NuCat) desenvolveu um curso de extensão virtual com o objetivo de disseminar a metodologia de fabricação de sabão, que utiliza óleo de cozinha residual. O curso incluiu três módulos: 1) a importância do sabão e da higiene como auxílio no combate à COVID-19; 2) a educação ambiental como forma de proteção aos recursos hídricos; e 3) introdução aos princípios de empreendedorismo e cooperativismo aplicados à produção de sabão. Entre 18/05/2020 a 23/06/2020, videoaulas sobre o tema foram disponibilizadas no canal do Youtube: “Projeto Recursos Hídricos e Sabão Artesanal”, o qual alcançou mais de 360 inscritos naquele período. Uma sala virtual via plataforma de educação a distância Moodle também foi disponibilizada para os participantes que se interessassem em adquirir certificado. Os resultados mostraram, ao final do curso, mais de 4.400 visualizações no canal do Youtube e 80 participantes certificados. Os participantes deixaram feedback positivo, com 95% deles declarando-se satisfeitos ou muito satisfeitos com o curso. Palavras-chave: Meio Ambiente; Saneamento; Empreendedor; Ensino a distância Artisan Soap and Entrepreneurship: Virtual socio-educational actions for the protection of Water Resources and combating the COVID-19 pandemic Abstract: Researchers have demonstrated that the new SARS-COV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has fats in its composition, making it so that washing hands with soap is one of the most effective measures for its elimination. However, many places do not have access to potable water or soap. Therefore, with the support of the Intergovernmental Hydrological Program for Latin America and the Caribbean, the UNESCO Chair Core: Water, Women, and Development (NuCat) developed a virtual extension workshop aiming at disseminating used-oil-based soap manufacturing techniques. This workshop comprises three modules: 1) the importance of soap and hygiene to fight the COVID-19; 2) environmental education as a way of protecting water resources, and 3) an introduction to the principles of entrepreneurship and cooperativism applied to soap production. Between 18/5/2020 and 23/6/2020, video classes on the topic were made available on a Youtube channel created for this purpose. The channel “Projeto Recursos Hídricos e Sabão Artesanal” reached over 360 subscribers during this period. A virtual room via the Moodle education platform was also made available to participants interested in a certificate. At the end of the workshop, the YouTube channel reached over 4,400 views, and 80 participants were certified. The participants left extremely positive feedback, with 95% of them declaring themselves satisfied or very satisfied with the course. Keywords: Environment; Sanitation; Entrepreneur; Distance learning

This article introduces the concept of ‘the everyday implausible’, asserting that, between 1930 and 1960, US radio serial aesthetics produced a tug-of-war between the familiar and the unfamiliar that was simultaneously radical and reactionary. This aesthetic created a space for the listener to place new versions of herself within the narrative, inviting the imagined woman-at-home to re-envisioning the possibilities of reality. However, re-envisioning reality produced its own set of limitations. The sonic features of the radio serial soundscape created imaginary spaces within the home, but these imaginary spaces were ‐ as often as not ‐ also homes, making the potential of escape wholly illusory. In giving attention to the specific aesthetic features of these programmes, this article interrogates the meaningful work produced by a sparse soundscape, alongside an emphasis on domesticity and emotional conversation.

Web service technology has emerged as a popular way for building distributed applications involving distributed databases. It is the next generation technology in the long journey from functions to objects to components to services. Today’s comparing SOAP as a wire protocol to the commonly used distributed object technologies and their wire protocols in use. SOAP makes use of openly available technologies that, when combined, specify a wire protocol. This protocol can be used to facilitate highly and ultra-distributed architecture. SOAP commonly uses the HTTP protocol to transport XML-encoded serialized method argument data from system to system. This serialized argument data is used on the remote end to execute the client’s method call on that system, rather than the client’s local system. This case study provides a more details comparison of the SOAP and Distributed objects.

Main purpose of this paper was to compare two frameworks (Axis2/C and gSOAP) that implement the SOAP protocol, a protocol for the exchange of structured messages in a computer environment. The paper describes experiments showing the level of SOAP performance depending on the components of each framework and the methods of their implementation, such as: parsing, serialisation, working with various message formats, the effectiveness of protocol, the efficiency of message processing models, etc. After the practical part was completed, performance studies of each of the frameworks were carried out, the collected data helped to define a more efficient and faster tool for transferring data between the server and the client.

Covid-19 is an outbreak of a new disease that already exists and has become a pandemic. This disease is caused by a new type of corona virus named SARS-CoV-2. During the global pandemic, one of the cheapest, easiest and most important ways to prevent the spread of the virus is to wash your hands frequently with soap and water. The most prominent problem at UPT SD Negeri 064023, Kelurahan Kemenangan Tani, Medan Tuntung District, Medan is the low level of education about the importance of washing hands with soap and the unavailability of facilities for students to wash their hands with soap in running water. This service provides facilities for washing hands with soap in running water and education about breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19 and how to wash hands with soap properly. Educational activities in elementary schools are carried out through teachers and staff in elementary schools because school children are still learning from home. They are the ones who will deliver the education to students through online lessons or when the children return to study at school. The provision of 2 handwashing basins in schools is very useful to be used as a forum for health protocol actions to break the chain of covid transmission 19. The school principal is grateful and states that he is ready to cooperate for further community service activities

The Covid-19 pandemic is still sweeping the entire world, therefore understanding and information is needed regarding the prevention of covid-19 transmission. One of them is by washing your hands using running water and soap. The purpose of this activity is to provide socialization to the community in the Tiga Balata village to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Activities carried out by providing training in making liquid hand washing soap. It is hoped that from this activity the people of Tiga Balata Village will become an example to socialize ways to prevent the spread of Covid-19 to the surrounding community. This activity is also expected to be able to create business opportunities for the community in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this service is the method of counseling and training. This hand washing soap-making training aims to improve community skills, especially participants in activities amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The result of this service is that the community is enthusiastic about participating in the training and has produced liquid soap products for personal use and commercial use as business opportunities.

The polyherbal soap are the one which contains nature herbal ingredients. Many herbal plants and products combines to from polyherbal product. These soaps arise to avoid the synthetic soap. This herbal soap reduces the side effect effects and gives good results to the human. Now a days herbal soap plays major role in the society. It avoids the pathogen infection caused by the environment. Keywords: polyherbal soap, formulation, Antimicrobial

Background: The utilization of liquid hand soap is an alternative to prevent virus transmission in COVID 19 Pandemic. The production of aromatic hand soap and distribution to the public will be an effort to support the prevention of the spread of the corona virus. Methodology: Aromatic hand soap made from eucalyptus is produced and distributed to people in Padang City as an alternative product for people to maintain their personal hygiene. Conclusion: This eucalyptus-flavored handsoap has received a lot of positive feedback. This product can assist people in maintaining their personal hygiene. The public does not like the smell of eucalyptus oil in this hand soap product. The formulation of this product will need to be completed in the future.

We are using soap to remove dirt and bacteria in the skin. Traditionally, soap is made from vegetable oils and lye with simple home tools like pan and stove. Materials for handmade soap is not expensive and easily available, but it gives us a luxury bath. The reaction between fatty acid and lye in soap produces glycerin, a good humectant, to keep our skin supple and moist. Commercial soap manufacturer make it a practice to remove the glycerin that is produces during the saponification process. Hence, handmade soap does not dried out skin, like the commercial soap product. This activity aimed to (1) sharing information about PKK community in Gunung Kelua RT.37, and (2) to teach the community how to make a handmade soap with cheap materials that easily available. This activity used dialog method to discuss the benefit of soaps, soap materials, and sop-making practice. The practice of making soap is demonstrated in front of audience, and many audiences had a hand in practice. This activity then evaluated. The result is all audience has understood how to make soap and were able to practice soap-making.

Introduction:: Although soap industry is known from hundreds of years, the development accompanied with this industry was little. The development implied the mechanical equipment and the additive materials necessary to produce soap with the best specifications of shape, physical and chemical properties. Objectives:: This research studies the use of vacuum reactive distillation VRD technique for soap production. Methods:: Olein and Palmitin in the ratio of 3 to 1 were mixed in a flask with NaOH solution in stoichiometric amount under different vacuum pressures from -0.35 to -0.5 bar. Total conversion was reached by using the VRD technique. The soap produced by the VRD method was compared with soap prepared by the reaction - only method which is known as the conventional method. The two kinds of soap were compared in yield, the reaction temperature, the volume of the co-product liquid and its composition, FTIR analysis, the density and the time of production. Results:: It was shown that the yield of soap using VRD was 2.45 times that produced by the reaction - only method. The process temperature was reduced 0.11 times. The volume of the co-product liquid was reduced 95.76% consisting of water only. The analyses of FTIR were compared with a commercial soap regarded as a standard and they showed identical functional groups. Very little difference in density was recorded. The time of production was shorter than the conventional method giving another priority to the VRD method. Conclusion:: It was beneficial to adopt VRD method in soap production in batch mode. Continuous mode of soap production using VRD method may be investigated in future study.

“I love the literacy area and really appreciate the librarians’ patience and love. I think there are few places like this in our community. I think the literacy corner is very important for this community. We come here every other week, and now he has something to do. He asks me, “Mommy, can we go play at the laundromat?”—Parent

Washing hands with soap is one of the most effective ways to prevent diarrhea and ARI, both of which are the main causes of child mortality. Every year, as many as 3.5 million children worldwide die before reaching the age of five because of diarrhea and ARI. Washing hands with soap can also prevent skin, eye, worms and bird flu infections. The importance of cultivating washing hands with soap properly and correctly is also supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO data shows that every year an average of 100,000 children in Indonesia die from diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of fifth grade elementary school students on the behavior of washing hands with soap. This type of research is analytical. The population of this study were all fifth grade students of SD Negeri 097319 Siopat Suhu Simalungun Regency in 2019. The sample in the study was 38 people. The results of the study were obtained based on knowledge, it is known that out of 38 students, the majority of respondents have less knowledge on the behavior of not doing ctps as many as 18 respondents (85.7%) and based on the attitude it is known that of the 38 students the majority of respondents have a lack of behavior on not doing ctps as many as 16 respondents (88 , 9%). It is hoped that this research can be an input for teaching staff and health workers to improve the quality of health services and education as well as information about Hand Washing with Soap by providing counseling.

The production of soap made of potassium and olive oil is a centuries-old industrial tradition in the Holy Land. A popular local and export commodity, olive oil soap from the region was traded as f...