Search

This article solves the Hume's problem of induction using a probabilistic approach. From the probabilistic perspective, the core task of induction is to estimate the probability of an event and judge the accuracy of the estimation. Following this principle, the article provides a method for calculating the confidence on a given confidence interval, and furthermore, degree of confirmation. The law of large numbers shows that as the number of experiments tends to infinity, for any small confidence interval, the confidence approaches 100\% in a probabilistic sense, thus the Hume's problem of induction is solved. The foundation of this method is the existence of probability, or in other words, the identity of physical laws. The article points out that it cannot be guaranteed that all things possess identity, but humans only concern themselves with things that possess identity, and identity is built on the foundation of pragmatism. After solving the Hum's problem, a novel demarcation of science are proposed, providing science with the legitimacy of being referred to as truth.

Shannon theory is revisited to show that ergodicity is an indispensable element of channel capacity. The generalized channel capacity $C=\sup_{\bm{X}}\underline{I}(\bm{X}; \bm{Y})$ is checked with a negative conclusion and the popular assertion "the capacity of a slow fading channel is zero in strict Shannon sense" is found to be conceptually wrong.

There are currently a plurality of capacity theories of fading channels, including the ergodic capacity for fast fading channels and outage capacity for slow fading channels. However, analyses show that the outage capacity is a misconception. In this paper we use the 1st order Gaussian-Markov process with coherence coefficient $\alpha$ as the unified model for slow and fast fading channels, the capacity of which without channel side information is studied. We demonstrate that the information rate of a fading channel has a structure that the rate of user message is always accompanied by a rate of channel information. The formula for the channel information rate is derived and turns out to be a non-increasing function of $\alpha$. We prove that there is an asymptotically monotonic behavior of the user information rate with respect to $\alpha$ when the input is independent, identically distributed and Gaussian in the high signal to noise ratio regime. It is further conjectured that the monotonic behavior of the user information rate with respect to $\alpha$ is universal.

Non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the downlink is discussed in this letter. When combined with soft frequency reuse, NOMA is detrimental to user fairness by increasing the data rate of a near user at the cost of data rate of a far user.

The capacity region of a multiple access channel is discussed. It was found that orthogonal multiple access and non orthogonal multiple access have the same capacity region under the constraint of same sum power.

A multi-level soft frequency reuse (ML-SFR) scheme and a resource allocation methodology are proposed for wireless communication systems in this letter. In the proposed ML-SFR scheme, there are 2N power density limit levels, achieving better interference pattern and further improving the cell edge and overall data rate, compared to the traditional 2-level SFR scheme. The detailed design of an 8-level SFR scheme is demonstrated. Numeral results show that the cell edge spectrum efficiency is increased to 5 times of that of reuse 1 and the overall spectrum efficiency is improved by 31%. ML-SFR can be utilized in the current 4G system and would be a candidate key technology for future 5G systems.