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The public, industry, emergency managers and other decision makers can use weather, climate and impact forecasts more effectively in their decision making when the quality of forecasts is measured in terms that are meaningful and comprehensible to them. To encourage the development of user-oriented verification approaches and support the major projects of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Program, a challenge was issued to develop and demonstrate new user-oriented forecast verification metrics. Several new forecast verification metrics were proposed to meet the needs of very different user-communities including public safety and amenity, shipping, aviation, defence, agriculture, and water resources. A few general purpose metrics were also proposed. The winner of the inaugural verification challenge proposed a new metric called the Spatial Probability Score for assessing forecasts for the location of a relevant boundary or contour, for example, sea ice edge or extent of flood inundation. We hope and expect that many of the user-oriented forecast verification metrics submitted to the inaugural verification challenge will be taken up by the broader community.

The sustainability of superior performance is a vital goal for complementor in mobile platform ecosystem, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to realize it. The previous literature about the sustainability of superior performance is insufficient and lacks deep research the mechanisms that affect the sustainability of superior performance. Based on user-oriented perspective, this study examines the direct and interactive effects of app’s iterative innovation and visibility on the sustainability of complementor’s superior performance. Using a two-way fixed effect model and monthly panel data, with the final dataset of 4596 observations from 384 apps of top-ranking positions by revenue available from December 2018 to December 2019 on the Apple iOS App Store in China, the results show that a) app’s iterative innovation and visibility (including platform recommendations and download rankings) promote the sustainability of app’s superior performance, b) platform recommendations and iterative innovation have a synergistic effect on the sustainability of app’s superior performance, and c) the download ranking has a substitution effect on iterative innovation to promote the sustainability of app’s superior performance. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for improving the sustainability of app’s superior performance in the digital age.

The paper synthesises studies of two specific conceptual models from a rather wide area of user-oriented process (re)design and the development of related, modern information systems based on smart technologies. Further, it proposes a new approach for coupling (1) a methodology for convergent customer experience management and business process management, with (2) a framework for user-oriented data-driven information systems development. It also analyses the implications and conditions for its implementation in private and public organisations.

A transmit antenna selection (TxAS) aided multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system is proposed for operating in the MIMO downlink channel environments, which shows significant improvement in terms of higher data rate when compared to the conventional MU-MIMO systems operating without adopting TxAS, while maintaining low hardware costs. We opt for employing a simple yet efficient zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) linear precoding scheme at the transmitter in order to reduce the decoding complexity when considering users&rsquo, side. Moreover, considering that users within the same cell may require various qualities of service (QoS), we further propose a novel user-oriented smart TxAS (UOSTxAS) scheme, of which the main idea is to carry out AS based on the QoS requirements of different users. At last, we implement the proposed UOSTxAS scheme in the software defined radio (SDR) MIMO communication hardware platform, which is the first prototype hardware system that runs the UOSTxAS MU-MIMO scheme. Our results show that, by employing TxAS, the proposed UOSTxAS scheme is capable of offering higher data rates for priority users, while reasonably ensuring the performance of the common users requiring lower rates both in simulation and in the implemented SDR MIMO communication platform.

The explosive advancements in mobile Internet and Internet of Things challenge the network capacity and architecture. The ossification of wireless networks hinders the further evolution toward the fifth generation of mobile communication systems. Ultra-dense small cell networks are considered as a feasible way to meet high-capacity demands. Meanwhile, ultra-dense small cell network virtualization also exploits an insightful perspective for the evolution because of its superiority, such as diversity, flexibility, low cost, and scalability. In this paper, we specify the necessity of resource management in virtualized ultra-dense small cell networks through a mapping and management architecture and consider the problem of user-oriented virtual resource management. Then, we model the virtual resource management problem as a hierarchical game and obtain the closed-form solutions for spectrum, power, and price, respectively. Furthermore, we propose a customer-first (CF) algorithm that characterizes the user-oriented service of virtualization, and analyze its convergence. Simulation results present the effectiveness of the proposed CF algorithm.

The monitoring of Global Aquatic Land Cover (GALC) plays an essential role in protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems. Although many GALC datasets have been created before, a uniform and comprehensive GALC dataset is lacking to meet multiple user needs. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using existing global datasets to develop a comprehensive and user-oriented GALC database and identify the gaps of current datasets in GALC mapping. Eight global datasets were reframed to construct a three-level (i.e., from general to detailed) prototype database for 2015, conforming with the United Nations Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)-based GALC characterization framework. An independent validation was done, and the overall results show some limitations of current datasets in comprehensive GALC mapping. The Level-1 map had considerable commission errors in delineating the general GALC distribution. The Level-2 maps were good at characterizing permanently flooded areas and natural aquatic types, while accuracies were poor in the mapping of temporarily flooded and waterlogged areas as well as artificial aquatic types, vegetated aquatic areas were also underestimated. The Level-3 maps were not sufficient in characterizing the detailed life form types (e.g., trees, shrubs) for aquatic land cover. However, the prototype GALC database is flexible to derive user-specific maps and has important values to aquatic ecosystem management. With the evolving earth observation opportunities, limitations in the current GALC characterization can be addressed in the future.

Geo-information techniques have proven their usefulness for the purposes of early warning and emergency response. These techniques enable us to generate extensive geo-information to make informed decisions in response to natural disasters that lead to better protection of citizens, reduce damage to property, improve the monitoring of these disasters, and facilitate estimates of the damages and losses resulting from them. The maintenance and accessibility of spatial information has improved enormously with the development of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs), especially with second-generation SDIs, in which the original product-based SDI was improved to a process-based SDI. Through the use of SDIs, geo-information is made available to local, national and international organisations in regions affected by natural disasters as well as to volunteers serving in these areas. Volunteer-based systems for information collection (e.g., Ushahidi) have been created worldwide. However, the use of 3D maps is still limited. This paper discusses the applicability of 3D geo-information to disaster management. We discuss some important aspects of maps for disaster management, such as user-centred maps, the necessary components for 3D maps, symbols, and colour schemas. In addition, digital representations are evaluated with respect to their visual controls, i.e., their usefulness for the navigation and exploration of the information. Our recommendations are based on responses from a variety of users of these technologies, including children, geospecialists and disaster managers from different countries.

In this research, we develop user-oriented RT service proposal system in Kukanchi. Kukanchi is interactive Human-Space Design and Intelligence. By carrying out data mining of user information, service history, sensor data, and object data, this system finds out those relationships and gives weight to each of them. As a result of experiment, this system came to be able to propose “Tsuide Service” (Additional RT service) that each user expects.

The IEEE 802.11 distributed coordinated function (DCF) adopts carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) as its medium access control (MAC) protocol. CSMA/CA is designed such that the transmission from any one station does not have priority over any other. In a congested environment with many DCF stations, this design makes it difficult to protect channel resources for certain stations such as when products are used for presentation at exhibitions, which should be protected based on priority. On the other hand, The IEEE 802.11 enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) provides a quality-of-service (QoS) mechanism for DCF. However in EDCA, transmission opportunities are allocated based on not individual stations but on the defined traffic type of applications. This paper proposes a distributed dynamic resource allocation method that enables control of flexible bandwidth allocation to each specific station. The proposed method controls the priority level and can coexist with conventional CSMA/CA. Moreover, the proposed method improves the system throughput. Specifically, under the coexistence environment with DCF stations, the proposed method is able to obtain up to over 300% higher user throughput characteristic compared to the case in which the proposed method is not introduced. In addition, under non-coexistence environment, all the proposed stations achieve 70% higher throughput than DCF stations when the number of stations in a network is 50.

There is much uncertainty and confusion as to the real differences between prescrip-tive and descriptive dictionaries. In general, the majority of existing accounts can be summarised as follows: Descriptive relates to the empirical basis; accordance between the empirical data and the dictionary is required. Prescriptive relates to the genuine purpose of the dictionary; the dictionary is meant to help with problems concerning text production and will thus affect usage. This asym-metrical understanding would imply prescriptive and descriptive in practice being false contrasts. In this article, a more consistent terminology is suggested which allows for both the function of the dictionary and the relation of the dictionary to the empirical basis.Keywords: DESCRIPTION, DICTIONARY FUNCTION, EMPIRICAL BASIS, EXACTLY DESCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, EXACTLY PROSCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, EXPLICITLY PRE-SCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, INTROSPECTION, LINGUISTIC SURVEY, NOT EXACTLY DE-SCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, NOT EXACTLY PROSCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, PRESCRIPTION, PROSCRIPTION, STRONGLY DESCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, STRONGLY PRESCRIPTIVE DIC-TIONARY, TEXT CORPUS, USER-ORIENTED, WEAKLY DESCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, WEAK-LY PRESCRIPTIVE DICTIONARY, WEAKLY PROSCRIPTIVE DICTIONARYOpsomming: Gebruikersgerigte siening van deskriptiewe, proskriptiewe en preskriptiewe woordeboeke. Daar is baie onsekerheid en verwarring oor die werklike verskille tussen preskriptiewe en deskriptiewe woordeboeke. Oor die algemeen kan die meerder-heid bestaande verklarings soos volg saamgevat word: Deskriptief hou verband met die empiriese basis; ooreenstemming tussen die empiriese gegewens en die woordeboek is nodig. Preskriptief hou verband met die werklike doel van die woordeboek; die woordeboek is bedoel om te help met probleme betreffende teksproduksie en sal dus gebruik beïnvloed. Hierdie asimmetriese siening sal impliseer dat preskriptief en deskriptief in die praktyk onjuiste teenstellings is. In hierdie artikel word 'n meer konsekwente terminologie aan die hand gedoen wat rekening hou met sowel die funksie van die woordeboek as die verhouding van die woordeboek met die empiriese basis.Sleutelwoorde: DESKRIPSIE, WOORDEBOEKFUNKSIE, EMPIRIESE BASIS, PRESIES DESKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, PRESIES PROSKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, DUIDELIK PRESKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, INTROSPEKSIE, LINGUISTIESE ONDERSOEK, NIE-PRESIES DESKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, NIE-PRESIES PROSKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, PRESKRIP-SIE, PROSKRIPSIE, STERK DESKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, STERK PRESKRIPTIEWE WOOR-DEBOEK, TEKSKORPUS, GEBRUIKERSGERIG, SWAK DESKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, SWAK PRESKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK, SWAK PROSKRIPTIEWE WOORDEBOEK

This article describes the process of adaptation of online digital contents for the realization of foreign language learning tests through mobile devices. Taking into account the need detected in relation to the quick development of mobile technologies, the development and adaptation of existing online exams for mobile devices will be studied. We will do that by considering the possible navigation limits when using multiplatforms, and the aspects related to the formal and technical conditions which the audiovisual contents shown by the device must fulfil. The existing online language learning tests can be adapted to mobile devices through the programming XHTML language. But, the limitations of navigability in relation to contents and the handling of interaction devices available for users to do the tests must also be considered.

The design, development and implementation of a user-oriented graphics software system is described. The over-all considerations involved in such a design process are discussed, along with the major factors affecting design decisions. The object display system is a RAMTEK GX-100A hosted by a PUP-11/50 computer. Implementation techniques are also presented. A detailed user's manual is appended, and recommendations for further system expansion are offered. http://archive.org/details/thedevelopmentof1094518084 Major, United States Air Force Captain, United States Marine Corps Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.