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The Internet of Things (IoT) connects enormous objects through various sensors to facilitate daily life by interconnecting the information space with the decision-makers. Security and privacy are, however, the main concerns in IoT due to the openness of communication channels and the unattended nature of common sensors. To provide security and privacy for sensors and users in IoT-based systems; in 2019, Zhou et al. proposed an unlinkable authentication scheme using bilinear pairings. However, the vulnerability of their scheme against sensor node impersonation attack as proved in this article renders the scheme of their work impractical and insecure. A pairing free lightweight and unlinkable authentication scheme for distributed IoT devices (PFLUA-DIoT) is then proposed in this article. The security of PFLUA-DIoT is proved using the formal method along with a discussion on its provision of security features. The performance and security comparisons show that PFLUA-DIoT provides known security features and provides better performance. Due to the avoidance of bilinear pairing-based expensive operations, PFLUA-DIoT completes authentication in less than half running time as compared with their and related schemes. Therefore, the PFLUA-DIoT can address the security and privacy issues of IoT, practically and efficiently.

The article is devoted to identifying the initial level of first-formers information and digital competence formation as a scientific reference point for the process of forming this competence in primary school. Based on the three-component structure of information and digital competence of Primary School pupils, three corresponding criteria for assessing its level of formation were identified. The first criterion – cognitive – was focused on the formation of a certain set of knowledge and skills about the sources of information and ways to work with IT, knowledge of concepts related to information. The second criterion – technological – characterized mainly technical knowledge, skills and abilities of using a computer and other digital devices. The third criterion – axiological – included value (legal, ethical) aspects of online communication. It is important to note that diagnostics of the first-formers information and digital competence formation includes a written questionnaire as well as observation, conversations, and oral interviews. They made it possible to clarify the content of answers to the written survey as much as possible. Data analysis according to the cognitive criterion allows us to conclude that first-formers have the most general idea of the sources of information that include various digital devices, minimal experience in individual, simple functions, superficially understand their significance for themselves as a new source of information, but are guided in the school information space. In the context of the technological criterion, first-formers show skills in simple digital technologies, they are able to use the simplest and most common computer and mobile devices to solve elementary tasks, and quickly master ways to create simple content in simple formats. The axiological criterion revealed the growing desire of first-formers to improve their information and digital competence as a significant personal life value for them. The computer environment is considered by them as a necessary component of their educational and extracurricular activities.

PurposeThis paper aims to establish a theoretic framework to provide a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects, their existence and their identification scheme while providing a connection between cyber-enabled spaces and cyberspace. It develops an avenue to quantify general philosophical and theoretical questions, precisely, inherently spatial basis that produces an unprecedented space–time continuum, in which cyber-enabled relations evolve.Design/methodology/approachMultidisciplinary theoretical approaches are needed to describe complex systems, which in this paper are integrated in a quest for the principles underlying the structural organization and dynamics of cyberspace. A theoretic framework is presented, and the spatial conception of cyber-enabled physical, social, information and thinking spaces and entities existence are provided.FindingsWith spatial objects and spatial properties, cyberspace is inherently spatial. Its basic constructs are founded on its spatial qualities and producing radical space–time compression, cyber-enabled spaces in which dynamic relations develop and thrive. The cyberspatial object operations are primarily built on foundations that depend on physical space and other spatial metaphors. Information space, basically missing in the literature, is an important part of cyberspace.Research limitations/implicationsThis work suggested a novel analytical approach to describing cyberspace from broader perspectives and fields. Due to the novelty and divergence of cyber concepts, an interdisciplinary study and methodology are needed. Thus, more research toward theoretical direction could help many of the practical implementations of concepts.Practical implicationsThe research is of particular significance in cyberspatial mechanics to describe the dynamics and behavior of cyber physical systems. For example, object-based analysis functions like spatial query, node pattern analysis, cluster analysis, spatial similarity analysis and location modeling.Originality/valueComplementing the existing literature and defining information space to the research sphere, a theoretical framework providing a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects and the general cyberspace foundation has been proposed, resulting in a formalized concept of existence, interactions and applications and services, with respect to philosophy, science and technology, respectively.

The problem to which the article is devoted is the discrepancy between the increasing requirements for efficiency and accelerating the socialization of the individual and insufficient use of the interaction of social and communication space of higher education, its digital component and its insufficient implementation into practice. The problems of digitalization of higher pedagogical education, various aspects of digital content learning, the formation of the digital culture as a phenomenon of the information society have found its significant place in the scientific works of L. Havrilova, O. Krapivenko, T. Brown. R. Martin, D. Rawls. In recent years, scientific research has represented a number of issues related to the problem of our study, in particular: the formation of the information culture (digital, information digital). The subject of our study is the digital content-learning and its role in the socialization of the students of Philology. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the necessity to use the digital content learning as a component of socialization in the training of philologists-to be. The results of the scientific work show that the digital content learning involves the ability to use digital technologies to support social integration, active citizenships, creativity, collaboration with other people and achieve personal and social goals. The specific parallel digital space (electronic form of communication) is a feature of communication processes that take place in the social and communication space of higher education. It determines the virtuality of communication processes, when the electronic communication, in contrast to oral or documentary forms of communication, takes place in the virtual information space of global computer network. The conclusions are: the use of the digital content learning will reach a the systemical level of the knowledge of reality helps to watch and use the mechanisms of individual’s socialization.

The technological solutions in culture and arts increase accessibility of cultural goods and intensity of cultural environment. QR-technologies designed by Denso Wave Incorporated have become digitalization component increasingly popular in library and information services. The mobile access points call for new ways of library and information services. The concept, characteristics and advantages of QR technology are examined; options for QR code application in libraries are suggested. As the majority of library users owns mobile phones, QR technologies provide unique opportunities. MTS (Mobile Telecommunications System) was the first company to initiate the project of using mobile phones to expand library information space: QR-code linking to books were placed in the city public places. Library applications for QR-codes are outlined, e. g. library information advertisement, user services, social events to promote reading, monitoring in the pandemic situation, etc. The opportunities and prospects for this resource are investigated by the examples of RNPLS&T, Belgorod State Universal Scientific Library, V. G. Korolenko Public Scientific Library (Glazov, Udmurt Republic), Centralized Library System (Georgievsk, Stavropol Territory). The author also suggests that QR codes may solve the problem of access to full and reliable information.

The article is aimed at specifying and visualizing the strategies and tactics of neutralizing the negative effects of the pathogenic political megadiscourses. On top of that, it explores the suggestion linguistic implementation features, having been examined basing on the European political leaders’ speeches and news texts, and emphasizes the specificity of trolling strategy, which is aimed either at escalating the emotionality and falsity of the information presented in the original textual array, or at bringing the information having been presented in the original array to the absurd, which would minimize the rationality of the original array perception, and subsequently – trust in the original array, and in the addressee of these arrays (later on). The trolling strategy is optimal in the framework of neutralizing the pathogenic arrays having been created in the fake news paradigm, given these arrays’ orientation onto presenting knowingly false information in order to escalate tensions in the information space and destabilize the situation as a whole. The author presents and validates examples of using all the tactics of this strategy (rough (destructive) trolling or flaming, constructive trolling, exaggeration / reduction, wiki-trolling, "big lies" tactics, sockpuppetting tactics), which follow all the features of the original pathogenic array, including the dominant influence markers, as well as the original array’s suggestiveness realization peculiarities, which allows (when presenting the neutralizing array to the same target audience that has already been affected by the original array) to reduce or neutralize the harmful effects of the original pathogenic array. The paper also outlines the prospects for further research in this area given its fundamental importance not only for identifying the basic strategies for constructing pathogenic arrays and in-depth mechanisms of their formulation and, consequently, their impact on recipients, but also ways to counteract each type of such megadiscourses, thus optimizing Ukraine’s information space in the conditions of information war currently being carried out not only in our country, but in the numerous world countries, as well.

Robots have been widely used in machining due to their excellent expansibility and high flexibility. However, the robot is a weak rigid system, and its machining process is unstable. So, it is easy to produce burr due to chatter. A burr suppression pattern of the weak rigid drilling system driven by the digital twin is proposed to solve the above problem, including unstable state monitoring and strategy recommendation. The machining state is mapped in the information space through the hidden Markov model in the digital twin system. The quality of each machining feature can be tracked based on the model evolution rules. Based on the machining state mapping and quality tracking process, the machining state monitoring is realized. The drilling strategy storeroom is built based on the genetic algorithm, and the abnormal monitoring information is used to search for the optimal strategy. Then, the feedback strategies are recommended for improving the machining quality. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a case of weak rigid drilling.

In this paper, we present two novel algorithms for information space topological planning that identify topological features in an information field and use them to plan maximally informative paths for a robot in an information gathering task. These features provide a way to rapidly incorporate global context into the informative path planning process by partitioning the state space or the path space of a robot. Our first algorithm, hierarchical hotspot information gathering, uses a topological state space partitioning by constructing a high-level map of information hotspots. We then solve a global scheduling problem over the topological graph, the solution of which is then used for path planning by a set of local greedy coverage planners within each hotspot. Our second algorithm, Topology-Aware Self Organizing Maps, extends the Self Organizing Map algorithm to discover prominent topological features in the information function. These features are used to perform a topological path space decomposition to provide a Stochastic Gradient Ascent optimization algorithm with topologically diverse initialization, improving its performance. In simulated trials and field experiments, we compare the tradeoffs of these two approaches and show that our methods that leverage topological features of the information field consistently perform competitively or better than methods that do not exploit these features, while requiring less computation time.

Multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) is one of the most active research fields in modern social cognition and decision science theory. An obvious challenge in MAGDM problems is that it is not easy to appropriately describe decision-makers’ (DMs’) cognitive information, which is because the cognition of DMs is usually diverse and contains a lot of uncertainties and fuzziness. The recently proposed q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy set (q-RDHFS), encompassing diverse cognition and providing wide information space, has been proved to be effective to depict DMs’ cognitive information in the MAGDM process. However, existing operations and aggregation operators of q-RDHFSs still have limitations, which result in the weakness of existing q-RDHFS-based MAGDM methods. Therefore, this paper aims at introducing new operational rules and aggregation operators to deal with q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy information. To this end, we first propose a wide range of generalized operations for q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy elements (q-RDHFEs) based on Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm. Second, we put forward some new aggregation operators by generalizing the recently invented extended power average (EPA) operator into q-RDHFSs. Existing literature has revealed the powerfulness and flexibility of the EPA operator over the classical power average operator. Finally, a new MAGDM approach based on the proposed operators is developed. Our proposed method can effectively handle MAGDM problems with q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy cognitive information. Some numerical examples are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the new MAGDM method. Further, we conduct parameter analysis and comparative analysis to prove the flexibility and superiority of our proposed MAGDM method, respectively. In a word, this paper contributes to a new q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy MAGDM method, which absorbs the advantages of EPA operator and Archimedean operations. This method can be applied to describe complex cognitive information and solving realistic MAGDM problems effectively.

Introduction. At the present stage of developing domestic health care, active processes of informatization of the clinical diagnostic process are taking place. In most regions of the Russian Federation, various medical information systems are actively exploited in medical organizations, digital medical devices and devices are being introduced, which determines the relevance of the formation of a methodology for the use of information technologies in the health care system of military personnel. Materials and methods. The materials of literary sources, bibliographic databases, regulatory documents, research and development work data, materials of military-scientific support of military-medical information systems have been studied. The historical, literary and structural-logical approach, system analysis methods, comparison, composition, and decomposition were used. Results. This study proposes approaches to managing the health of servicemen and a system of its assessment using information technologies. Within the framework of the entire system of medical support for troops at the sectoral level, the ultimate goal of informatization is to construct a single information space for the medical service of the RF Armed Forces. It should be based on the use of unified personal electronic cards of military personnel, a single protected intradepartmental telecommunication network, and medical information systems for various purposes, depending on the level of a medical organization, unit or subdivision. In the informatization of the medical service, it is necessary to distinguish three primary levels, each of which develops its technologies and means of automation: personal (the level of an individual soldier); the level of medical organizations; the systemic level that determines the activities of the entire medical service. A personal electronic card of a serviceman should be used as an individual carrier of passport and medical information in military medical information systems. To decide on the medical and evacuation purpose of a particular patient at the admission and triage department of a medical company, it is necessary to ensure the formation of a protocol of medical and evacuation measures, which includes information from the electronic medical archive, vital activity sensors and medical care accounting systems. Conclusion. The capabilities of information technologies, vital activity sensors, electronic medical archives and communication channels should ensure the collection of relevant information about an individual patient for the needs of the treatment and diagnostic process, even when military medical organizations are deployed at the stages of medical evacuation. The integration of all information systems in the health care system of servicemen into a single information space must be carried out, taking into account the requirements of regional medical information systems and a unified state information system in the field of health. Contribution: Borisov D.N. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, writing a text; responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Sevryukov V.V. — the concept and design of the study, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Eremin G.B. — the collection and processing of the material, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Petryakhin D.N. — the collection and processing of the material, writing a text. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

The study is novel in that the author attempts to define unequivocally the term "information resources" to be integrated into scientific, professional and regulatory discourse. The concept of information resources is one of the key ones for building information society and information space, meanwhile it has been still interpreted equivocally. The author analyzes the meaning of the term “information resources” as used in reference, legal, regulatory and scientific documents. He also reviews its historical background from the very introduction till nowadays. In considering the phenomenon of information resources, the author proceeds from the category "knowledge," which serves as a link in embracing the nature, development and use of technologies, and life activities. This approach forms the basis for the model of information resources circulation from individuals to the society using computer and communication technology. The importance of information resources in the era of information space development is emphasized. The author proposes the component structure of information resources to comprise five elements: the society, hardware, software (software), data and knowledge bases, and communication. Each element of this structure comprises a number of complementary components. The findings of the study evidence on the significant role of the term in research, library and information activities, as well on the need to include this term in law and regulatory documents.

The article considers the features of the modern information space in which with the advent of new media and communication channels there have been significant transformations. A special factor in these changes was social networks, which replaced traditional media (newspapers, magazines and television). Social networks allow users not only to consume information, but also to express their opinions, independently create and distribute messages. The importance of social networks in disseminating information and forming public opinion is constantly growing, a large part of the population prefers this channel of information as the main one, because it is constantly available on a smartphone and much faster than newspapers and television. At the same time, the ability of users to independently produce content and quickly distribute it, causes a significant intensification of communication flows and deterioration of information quality. Social networks are a huge segment of the communication space that has the character of a self-regulating environment, it is almost uncontrolled and not censored, unverified or distorted information can be actively disseminated and influence the formation of public opinion. Therefore the main difficulty in using social networks today is not to find certain information or read current news, but to determine which information is necessary and reliable, and which is harmful and distorted. Moreover, social networks are one of the main sources of spreading fakes as fictional and specially fabricated messages, the main purpose of which is to undermine the reputation of any social institution, organization or person. In this context, fakes act as manipulations aimed at changing public opinion in the right direction for the creator or translator. If we consider the creation and distribution of fakes as a purposeful activity to manage public sentiment, which has a kind of logic of deployment and includes a certain sequence of stages of procedures and operations, we can assume that this is a manipulative technology. In particular, these study based on theoretical analysis and the use of specific cases, identifies markers of fakes for their identification in the information and communication space and outlines possible ways to prevent their spread.

The unified digital information space of knowledge is provided by the data of electronic catalogs of libraries and repositories, which are systematized according to information and bibliographic hierarchical classifications. Documents in this space are usually indexed, which makes them accessible to the most advanced methods of information analysis and search. The proposed approach is based on the laws of hierarchy and allows one to distinguish the systematized objects into general and particular based on the analysis of the distribution of the indices of the classification universe. The information significance of individual levels determined by these laws presupposes the existence of a boundary between general and particular in the structure of hierarchical classification, the identification of which is of applied importance both in classification theory and in librarianship. Based on the analysis of empirical data on the distribution of the indices of the classification universe of the Russian UDC standard, the possibility of dividing the systematized publications of the electronic catalog according to the breadth of coverage of the problems discussed in them into the areas of subject (particular) and fundamental (general) knowledge is shown. The empirically established boundary is determined by the hierarchical level of the distribution, at which the maximum of the accumulated indices of the main series is located. The use of the revealed regularity is possible for both assessing the quality of the classification and the electronic catalog, and when carrying out information searches by classification indices.

The article analyzes the experience of joint use of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles by the armed forces of foreign countries. According to foreign military experts, the optimal combination of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles can increase the efficiency of combat missions, reduce the number of losses of costly manned aircraft and crews, as well as reduce material costs. However, the joint use of manned aircraft and UAVs is a difficult task, the solution of which is possible only on the basis of high-tech technical development. The joint use of unmanned and manned aircraft at the current level of control and communication technologies can be based only on the principles of interaction between unmanned and unmanned aerial vehicles, which requires detailed advance planning of hostilities. The transition to more operational forms of joint actions based on UAV control by manned aircraft, the use of a single information space will be possible with significant progress in the creation and implementation of aviation communication systems and information exchange resistant to EW, UAV systems. Therefore, the use of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles requires a well-established interaction of their forces and means, which consists in the rational distribution of tasks and coordination of actions of units in place, time and methods of combat missions. Based on this, it should be expected that the organization of joint use of unmanned and manned aircraft in the medium term will not be fundamentally different from the organization of joint use of aviation groups of different types. Planning the joint use of unmanned and manned aircraft will retain the features of centralized hierarchical planning. The analysis identified a set of factors that determine the nature and direction of joint use of aircraft and UAVs in modern hostilities, the main options for joint use of aircraft and UAVs from the experience of aviation in recent armed conflicts and local wars, outlined the tasks that it is expedient to put on subdivisions of unmanned aerial vehicles at their joint application with parts (subdivisions) of manned aviation.

The experience of using troops in joint force operations has shown the need to improve existing approaches to the principles and methods of combat employment of groupings of troops. Today, there is a clear tendency of transition from platform-centric to network-centric principles of warfare. One of the possible ways of transition to network-centric principles of warfare is the creation of reconnaissance-strike systems by situational integration of existing forces and means of reconnaissance, control and destruction into target systems in a single information space. The reconnaissance-strike systems will be built from a multitude of subsystems united by information relations, which function as a whole, on the basis of common principles and rules, with agreed basic requirements for their components. The integration of various forces and assets into target systems creates the prerequisites for the presence of several possible options for these systems, which have different assessments of the effectiveness of their use, the cost indicators of their creation, maintenance and use, as well as different time intervals for their creation and putting them on alert. One of the criteria for making a decision on the advisability of choosing one or another variant of a reconnaissance-strike systems is an indicator of an increase in the effectiveness of the combat employment of troops due to the principles of synergetic effect in the case of the creation and use of different versions of reconnaissance-strike systems. The practical implementation of proposals for the creation of new or improvement of existing reconnaissance-strike systems in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as the development of methodological approaches for choosing the most rational version of these systems will require certain methodological recommendations to clarify approaches to assessing the combat effectiveness of the use of troops, taking into account the results of applying this or another version of the reconnaissance-strike systems in the operations of the Joint Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The author in the article proposes an algorithm for assessing the combat effectiveness of the use of troops, taking into account the creation and use of various options for reconnaissance-strike systems in an operation, on the basis of which the main recommendations for assessing combat effectiveness based on the use of reconnaissance-strike systems in an operation are formulated, and practical calculations of the effectiveness of various variants of reconnaissance-strike systems and a nomogram of the choice of a rational number of means of destruction of a reconnaissance-strike systems in conditions of a given number of means of destruction of the enemy is proposed.

It is a challenging problem to explore the capability of multi-sensor networks due to the identity of the underlying information space across modalities. In this paper, the information space for multi-sensor networks is developed from information geometry. The relationship between information space and the performance of multi-sensor networks is investigated. Different sensor information obtained by multi-sensor networks is represented, analyzed and fused concisely. The structure of the information space is studied such as geodesic, Ricci tensor and the information metric matrix. The structural properties of the information space are introduced: i) the symmetry; ii) the connection between information space’s curvature and Einstein’s field equation; iii) noise essence conjecture. The proposed analysis techniques are validated in many scenarios. The theoretical demonstration and numerical results indicate that the information described in different coordinate systems is equivalent.

This paper describes the basic conceptual apparatus required to form information spaces for scientific activity subjects. Multiple models have been built to identify collective and individual scientific activity subjects, including information on the subjects' publication citations, their abstracts, as well as their indicators in scientometric databases, etc. A conceptual scheme of interaction between collective and individual scientific activity subjects has been described, taking into consideration the dynamics of their productivity. A method has been proposed to form the information spaces for the collective and individual scientific activity subjects such as higher education establishments and scientists. The method involves a series of stages to identify and construct citation and scientific cooperation networks, to form subject scientific spaces, and, based on them, to devise methods in order to quantify productivity. The results of methods application form the components of the relevant information spaces of scientific activity subjects. The spaces to be built could be used to solve the task of selecting subjects for the implementation of joint scientific and educational projects. In addition, these spaces could be applied to form the organizational and functional framework of the collective scientific activity subjects, including their structural units, which would contribute to ensuring their stable development. Creating the information spaces of scientific activity subjects underlies resolving those issues that would stimulate investment in research and innovation, strengthen cooperation between universities, improve the efficiency and productivity of the scientific enterprise. It has been confirmed experimentally that the potential of a collective subject of scientific activity, including individual subjects, the rate of change of identifiers of whom is positive, would have a non-negative potential. A rate of change in the normalized indicators of identifiers of individual and collective scientific activity subjects has been calculated for the period from January2019 to December2020 for three higher education establishments

This paper proposes a novel highly scalable sampling-based planning algorithm for multi-robot active information acquisition tasks in complex environments. Active information gathering scenarios include target localization and tracking, active SLAM, surveillance, environmental monitoring and others. The objective is to compute control policies for sensing robots which minimize the accumulated uncertainty of a dynamic hidden state over an a priori unknown horizon. To address this problem, we propose a new sampling-based algorithm that simultaneously explores both the robot motion space and the reachable information space. Unlike relevant sampling-based approaches, we show that the proposed algorithm is probabilistically complete, asymptotically optimal and is supported by convergence rate bounds. Moreover, we propose a novel biased sampling strategy that biases exploration towards informative areas. This allows the proposed method to quickly compute sensor policies that achieve desired levels of uncertainty in large-scale estimation tasks that may involve large sensor teams, workspaces, and dimensions of the hidden state. Extensions of the proposed algorithm to account for hidden states with no prior information are discussed. We provide extensive simulation results that corroborate the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed algorithm can address large-scale estimation tasks that are computationally challenging for existing methods.

In response to the challenge of informatization of social processes, an information space and a digital educational environment emerge and develop in the field of professional education. Purpose of the article: analysis of the digital educational ecosystem of professional educational institutions. Methodology. The study analyzes the electronic elements used in the modern digital educational ecosystem. Competencies identified by cluster analysis of competency models are presented. Findings. The media space as an electronic environment created by technical means of communication is one of the key elements of the digital educational ecosystem, which allows creating innovative conditions for the development of vocational education

The intensive development of information and control technologies, as well as their integration into a single information space, leads to an increase in the role of such technologies in the processes of control of troops (forces) and weapons, including high-precision ones. At the same time, the electronic material base of the information infrastructure created within the concept of network-centric warfare is potentially vulnerable to electronic warfare. In this article, the authors analyze the approaches to the impact of electronic warfare on network-centric control systems. In the course of the study, the authors solved the following interrelated tasks: identified information restrictions on the implementation of the network-centric war concept; the prospects for the development of electronic warfare systems that are focused on disruption of the operation of network-centric systems of military control and the prospective scientific and methodological approaches to substantiate the methods of radio-electronic impact on network-centric control systems. In the course of this research, the authors used the basic principles of electronic warfare theory, signal theory, communication theory, queuing systems and classical methods of scientific cognition – analysis and synthesis. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: perspective directions for the development of radio-electronic impact, oriented on the transport layer of communication networks, can be implemented as complexes of territorially distributed means of electronic control, implementing fundamentally new methods of suppression, and special software and bookmarks software (viruses) that are introduced into the telecommunications network equipment. It should be noted that the use of all the above radio-electronic effects is advisable only against packet networks with advanced topology. The use of such impacts against networks with tree topology is pointless since there is a possibility of attaining the suppression effect by“classical” channel suppression.

The article examines some acute contradictions between the global world system and national states in the aspect of development of principles of the rule of law in the context of total informatization, and also draws attention to the need to develop information legislation, taking into account the specifics of the domestic system of law and the interests of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state.

Many modern national libraries implement the model of a library open to any member of society. In conditions of rapid and pervasive development of digital technologies and the formation of the Internet information space, a website is an indispensable tool for ensuring the availability of the library, its information resources and services in the virtual space. The creation and use of websites to organize remote (virtual) services is one of the most significant activities of libraries. The article objective is to present and summarize the results of studying national library websites as a platform for remote user services. The Russian State Library researchers study websites of 24 national libraries in 22 countries as a part of investigating current state and prospects for development of the digitalization processes of public libraries. The researchers have identified main directions of remote services (informing users about the library, its resources and services; ensuring the availability of library information resources; improving the comfort of using the library), and the range of remote services, which includes above dozen remote library and information services, as well as nearly the same number of additional digital services that increase the comfort of users. They proposed promising directions to develop remote services (information about library resources and services, consulting and training on using library resources, personalization of services), and the introduction of digital technologies (multimedia and augmented reality technologies).

The state of the domestic economy and the level of implementation of modern technologies at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex make it problematic to fulfill all plans for the rearmament of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in a timely manner. Therefore, the most acceptable, both from a military and from an economic point of view, is the approach of situational integration of available forces and assets into target systems in a single information space by integrating reconnaissance, control and destruction assets. A reconnaissance and strike system, built of a multitude of subsystems united by information relations, which function as a whole, on the basis of uniform principles and rules, with agreed basic requirements for their components, which will increase the effectiveness of the combat use of troops due to a synergistic effect. Today, the integration of various forces and assets into target systems creates the preconditions for the existence of several possible variants of these systems, which have different assessments of the effectiveness of their use, the cost indicators of their creation, maintenance and use, as well as different time intervals for bringing them to combat readiness. Therefore, the system of indicators and criteria for evaluating and comparing various options for reconnaissance and strike systems or complexes, as well as existing approaches to justifying the choice of a rational option for these systems or complexes should have an integral criterion for choosing a priority option in the current situation. Therefore, the authors in the article proposed a general structure for constructing a methodological approach to a military-economic justification for the choice of a rational version of a reconnaissance-strike system or complex, taking into account military, economic and temporary factors that contribute to their creation, content and application, and also formed a complete structural and logical scheme of the proposed approach. In turn, the proposed methodological approach makes it possible to formulate basic recommendations on the procedure for its application in the headquarters, services of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the formation of programs and plans for the development of weapons and military equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine as a whole.

The article discusses the capabilities of the 1C:Education platform for creating a unified information environment for educational organization during a pandemic and for distance learning. A comparative analysis of the capabilities of various Russian platforms for distance learning is carried out. The experience of the school’s work in a distance mode using the 1C:Education platform is summarized.Attention is focused on the use in the educational space of the school of methodological, organizational and technological means of support of pedagogical activity in a distance mode, developed on the basis of solutions of the 1C company.The views on the organization of electronic distance learning and support of the system of continuous educational process using the 1C:Education platform are presented.The distance learning platform 1C:Education can be used by educational organizations as a basis for designing, monitoring and modernizing their own educational environments, in which priority is given to the development of a socially adapted, competitive personality with intellectual potential, able to apply knowledge in practical activities for the benefit of society based on cultural, moral and civic values.

The article analyses the concept of "single window mechanism" used abroad and in the practice of the EAEU countries. It has been shown that the transition to paperless technologies is a feature of customs control is one of the important indicators of the development of the national single window mechanism. The work analyzed the correspondence of such elements as Interagency Electronic Interaction System and ST «Portal Seaport» with the reference model of the national single window mechanism. It was established that KPS «Portal Seaport» can be considered as a pilot project for the implementation of the single window mechanism, but is not a product that is a single window, because it does not meet the requirements for creating a single window mechanism. It was also established that the mechanism of the "single window" existing in Russia, as a member country of the EAEU, did not work out the interaction between the business community (B2B) and between business and the state (B2G). The article shows that the reference model of the "single window" existing abroad contains a comprehensive idea of the single window mechanism, its scope, and a single information space. The problems of further development of the single window mechanism, as well as the directions for their solution, were identified.

In January 2019, YouTube announced its platform would exclude potentially harmful content from video recommendations while allowing such videos to remain on the platform. While this action is intended to reduce YouTube's role in propagating such content, continued availability of these videos via hyperlinks in other online spaces leaves an open question of whether such actions actually impact sharing of these videos in the broader information space. This question is particularly important as other online platforms deploy similar suppressive actions that stop short of deletion despite limited understanding of such actions' impacts. To assess this impact, we apply interrupted time series models to measure whether sharing of potentially harmful YouTube videos in Twitter and Reddit changed significantly in the eight months around YouTube's announcement. We evaluate video sharing across three curated sets of anti-social content: a set of conspiracy videos that have been shown to experience reduced recommendations in YouTube, a larger set of videos posted by conspiracy-oriented channels, and a set of videos posted by alternative influence network (AIN) channels. As a control, we also evaluate these effects on a dataset of videos from mainstream news channels. Results show conspiracy-labeled and AIN videos that have evidence of YouTube's de-recommendation do experience a significant decreasing trend in sharing on both Twitter and Reddit. At the same time, however, videos from conspiracy-oriented channels actually experience a significant increase in sharing on Reddit following YouTube's intervention, suggesting these actions may have unintended consequences in pushing less overtly harmful conspiratorial content. Mainstream news sharing likewise sees increases in trend on both platforms, suggesting YouTube's suppression of particular content types has a targeted effect. In summary, while this work finds evidence that reducing exposure to anti-social videos within YouTube potentially reduces sharing on other platforms, increases in the level of conspiracy-channel sharing raise concerns about how producers -- and consumers -- of harmful content are responding to YouTube's changes. Transparency from YouTube and other platforms implementing similar strategies is needed to evaluate these effects further.

Purpose: the purpose of the study is to develop a methodological toolkit for reindustrialization in the branches of the material sphere of lagging and underdeveloped regions based on the use of information, communication and digital technologies.Methods: the study is based on the use of the methodology of the systems approach, the methodological apparatus of the information society theory, the use of methods of economic and statistical analysis, scientific abstraction, analogies and scientific generalizations. In the course of developing the proposed topic, classical and modern works of domestic and foreign scientists, statistical and empirical material prepared in the process of field research were used.Results: regions with different levels of development function in the country's economy. The greatest problems are associated with underdeveloped and problem regions, which, given their certain potential, cannot yet cope with their difficulties. The situation in which such regions are located requires the search for new mechanisms that will allow us to overcome unfavorable circumstances and embark on the path of highly stable development. Many problems can be solved on the basis of reindustrialization. This requires a transition to continuous digitalization processes, the use of digital technologies and software products that can ensure the development of production systems in the direction of creating a new technological order.Conclusions and Relevance: issues of digital and programmatic reindustrialization of the economy are especially aggravated in lagging and underdeveloped regions, where, due to the poorly diversified sectoral structure of the industry, there is a weak reaction to the formation of investment demand for the production of competitive goods. Such regions, to which the North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD) belongs, can solve problems when using digital and information technologies. The implementation of the proposed measures will allow the region to leave the zone of problems and depression.

In the information society, information is the basis for decision-making at all levels. However, in post-truth society, fake news and deepfakes are often created and distributed via artificial intelligence technologies. Confidence in information is gradually lost, and the creation of a way to accurately recognize its authenticity will become a scientific and technical discovery. The problem of identifying fake information also affects the identification of its primary source, which often uses fake accounts. Counties are concerned about the security of the information space. They are attempting to control the spread of fakes, deepfakes, and the creation of fake accounts in the Internet. Control can be global and nationally bureaucratic. Many countries, to various extents, are trying to control the Internet through national bureaucratic measures. However, everyone realizes that there are not enough global measures to control the Internet.

У статті надано обґрунтування першочергових завдань першого етапу плану дій щодо радону в Україні.У першій частині статті була проаналізована інформація щодо середньогеометричних значень активності радону в повітрі будинків на рівні районів окремих областей України. Показано, що наявних даних недостатньо для висновків стосовно радононебезпечності майже половини території країни. Тому важливим завданням є продовження досліджень рівнів радону в повітрі будівель на ще не обстежених територіях. Для таких досліджень необхідно розробити єдині протоколи вимірювань і відповідну систему гарантій якості, в якій міжлабораторні порівняння мають стати усталеною практикою щодо перевірки достовірності результатів вимірювань. Це стане основою запровадження державних баз даних та можливості реалізації єдиного інформаційного простору щодо радіаційних ризиків.У статті міститься порівняльний аналіз існуючої в Україні нормативної бази щодо радіаційного захисту населення з міжнародними стандартами. Встановлено, що чинна нормативна база має бути переглянута та вдосконалена. Регуляторні органи повинні визначитись не тільки з величиною нормативу, а й перейти до нової одиниці – об'ємної активності радону (концентрації радону або газу радону), запровадити нормативи для робочих місць, які сьогодні взагалі відсутні.У завершальній частині статті обґрунтовано необхідність запровадження системи підготовки фахівців з питань захисту від радону та розробки стратегії комунікацій зі всіма потенційними учасниками реалізації плану дій (органами державної влади, міністерствами, регулюючими органами, бізнесом, засобами масової інформації, громадськими організаціями, населенням тощо).Визначено, що для реалізації державного плану дій необхідно розробити рекомендації для організації та затвердження регіональних програм, серед яких є методичні рекомендації, які містять основні напрями і завдання залежно від ступеня радононебезпечності певної території.

Information space and time in their socio-cultural dimension act as knowledge components of being, and, consequently, the most important regulator of social relations. At the same time, the social and cultural dominants of the information space and time are determined by the creative activity of a person. In principle, a person is always focused on knowledge, where its elements interact in a comprehensive way, and not on information, in which there is a separation of its elements from the spiritually observed cross-section of reality, and thus from reality, which does not lend itself to the construction of connections, and the construction somewhat reduces the elasticity of the structure of information space and time.

The authors substantiated the necessity for an epistemological approach to determining the main messages in the digitalization application by agricultural producers, taking into account natural and climatic, commodity-production and social factors.(Research purpose) To formulate the main messages when applying digital technologies in agricultural production, which determine epistemological approaches to their systematic use and allow increasing grain production by 2-3 times on the example of JSC Sokolovo.(Materials and methods) The authors applied a system analysis to agricultural production objects as to information field when describing them in the information space.(Results and discussion) The authors found that agricultural production objects were in an objective multiplicative relationship. Based on the results, a communication scheme between objects in agro-industrial production, reflecting their dialectical commonality was developed. They presented production objects as a resource characterized by a certain set of parameters and values. They showed the multiplicative nature of the resources relationship, describing the nature of the dependence by the method of passage to the limit. The authors identified general information requirements for solving the agriculture problems, crop production and for the means of processing this information in the amount of more than 2 petaflops. They established the necessary resolution for managing technical processes - less than 3 centimeters.(Conclusions) The authors proposed a paradigm for information support of technological processes in agricultural production. They confirmed the legitimacy of this approach to the paradigm formation by creating more than 20 databases. They gave examples of increasing the efficiency of grain production in the Novosibirsk region. The epistemological principles were based on the formulated six messages of information digital technologies, which made it possible to use them in more than 247 520 different combinations and apply to the whole farms variety, depending on their capabilities and desires.

Background . Cancer care involves a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients. A complex interaction of actors in the deployment of oncology services dictates usage of modern management technologies for improving the quality and efficiency of patient care through processes optimisation. Objectives. Provision of recommendations for patient routing based on research into the oncology service inter-level information exchange, integration of the process approach and electronic services. The lack of a unified information space with a regional oncology service has been explained. Measures are proposed for the patient routing optimisation as part of establishing a unified digital oncology service circuit. Methods . The oncology service was effectively remodelled through functional and information engineering of electronic services and the process management integration to establish a horizontal decision flow between facilities and employees on a process level bypassing the supervisor coordination. Statistical approaches were used to analyse the oncological patient population. Results . The following electronic services have been implemented: specialised patient referral routing, telemedicine and teleradiology. A comprehensive information framework has been created comprising medical, laboratory and radiological information subsystems integrated through regional electronic services of the unified state healthcare information platform. The goals, objectives, general principles, architecture and expected social economic impact on healthcare of Krasnodar Krai have been defined. Conclusion . Use of electronic services ensures an improved quality of specialised care and effective routing of patients. We perceive prospects of the integrated information platform in the extension and improvement of its subsystems’ functionality and content, sourcing more data providers and the circuit expansion to the federal and regional levels.

The article is a continuation of series of publications that consider tactical properties of geoinformational monitoring of urban environment, which is a necessary component of modern military-geographical description of theater of operations. The property of polyscale allows to reveal spatio-temporal features of development of urban environment at different territorial levels - global, regional, local, as well as at the macro and meso level. Theoretical-set representation of the principle of polyscale modeling of urban objects is considered, on the basis of which models and methods of geoinformational monitoring at each scale level can be presented as a composition of ordered pairs of different structural type. An example of a hierarchy of methods and models used in urban studies is given. The concepts of basic models-compositions are introduced and the technology for construction of polyscale compositions is offered, which allow to determine the computational essence of corresponding mathematical models at each level of polyscale approach in studying of urban environment. Generalized scheme of application of principle of polyscale decomposition of geoinformational monitoring object of urban environment with definition of models of object of monitoring at each level of information space is developed. Each level of observed territory in the language of category theory can be interpreted as a category, the objects of which are spatial data, which are organized in the form of thematic layers (vector and raster) and contain many spatial objects grouped by thematic proximity and in certain coordinate system generalized for thematic layers. The proposed system of urban environment monitoring allows to improve principles of manage-ment decisions in development programs of different scales.

Growing opportunities for the use of modern geographic information technologies in the military sphere force us to reconsider traditional approaches to the use of tools and methods for analyzing existing information and analytical materials to improve the efficiency of information activities in accordance with the competence of the MOU and the Armed Forces. At the same time, the growing intensity of the dynamics of peacetime and armed struggle (conflicts) implies the presence and circulation of a large amount of information that requires processing, storage, transmission to consumers, which makes it impossible for human operator (analyst) to make an informed decision. Under these circumstances, there is a need to use modern geographic information systems aimed at supporting decision-making in conditions of limited, temporal and spatial parameters. Changes in the content of passive intelligence are associated with the use of geographic information systems (GIS), which combine the collection, processing of information about the area with hydrometeorological, operational and tactical, intelligence and other information, which provides qualitative analysis and modeling of the most rational solutions. in the interests of armed struggle. The constant increase in the amount of information required and the reduction of decision-making time determine the urgency of the problem, to solve which it is necessary to develop geographic information systems and use them in planning and managing combat operations of units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. One of the tasks of passive remote reconnaissance is to identify the coordinates of the enemy. In the future, these coordinates must be presented in a user-friendly form. This is achieved through the creation of military information systems for various purposes, an important component of which are the means of processing digital information about the area in conjunction with various data about the enemy and their troops. It is possible to solve such problems with the use of passive remote reconnaissance systems based on reconnaissance and signaling devices. Based on the analysis of existing RSPs for the effective solution of such problems, one of the possible options is the use of seismic acoustic systems. The operation of seismic systems is based on the detection of the presence in the environment of propagation (surface layer of the earth) of seismic waves that occur during the movement of the intruder in the observation area using seismic sensors and (air, liquids or solids) acoustic waves using acoustic sensors. The use of passive remote reconnaissance based on seismic monitoring together with geographic information systems will eliminate the human factor (errors), reduce human costs, reduce time costs for data processing, and store the information in GIS databases, which is relevant to this topic. The use of geographic information systems will eliminate personnel losses.

The ongoing research into the transport and technological processes of the railway industry and the realization of its potential shows an effective correspondence and correlation between the development and expansion of the spheres of influence of information and digital technologies. In this context, it is relevant to solve the task of obtaining knowledge and experience from the transport and information space, which are formed by the results of the processes functioning. For this purpose, it is necessary to form innovative technologies of application of the received knowledge, skills, experience created by the information systems which have received the name, as artificial cognitive systems. In the present work the task of receiving knowledge and experience from transport information environment is investigated. The conceptual model of correlation of electronic data in transport and information space is considered, which defines the interconnection of electronic data flows about problem areas of processes realization based on received and accumulated knowledge and experience. The method of electronic data formalization in transport and information space, which correlates transport and technological processes (subprocesses) between subjects and executors of processes (subprocesses). For application of a method of electronic data formalization the architecture of a multi-agent control system of transport and technological processes in a single transport and information space is offered. The presented methods of electronic data formalization were used by the authors to develop information systems that have passed state registration in the Russian Federation.

Increasing the efficiency of motor transport enterprises is possible only for the introduction of the concept of digital transformation of the operator. The dominant problem of the formation of effective principles of management of such systems is the development of a methodology based on the principles of a single information space. In this case, we must take into account both technical and economic components. Digital technology and transport service system should be aimed at control all layers, in particular the quality of relations with each specific consumer of transport services. In order to implement, it should form an analytical control mechanism. The analysis of modern approaches to informatization of business processes showed that most motor vehicles uses programs that belong to local transport management systems. They are designed for the needs of specific transport organizations, on their orders, and most aimed at automation and information provision of functional divisions. The proposed concept of an automated control system foresees much information service tasks in the context of strategic and tactical management, operational management, optimization of logistic business processes. The basic tasks that arise when developing a consolidated information resource for information processing, taking into account a wide range of factors of influence. A set of ordered elements that are interconnected and have a set of integrative properties are offered. Considering it from functional positions, based on the focus on improving the efficiency of the enterprise, a set of solved tasks (planning, accounting, control, etc.) is determined. Information technology that contains data collection, their processing and analysis, formation of reports is investigated. In detail, the indicators and components of the information system are considered.

The article deals with the problem of Internet governance in the context of international information security, which is quite new for political theory and international law, on a systematic basis. The advanced development of the technical base of the Internet, the attitude of the absolute majority of users to it as to new, powerful means of communication, without taking into account the conceptually inherent threats and risks, including political and even military ones, sharply complicate the creation of an international system of control over its use. Considered as a generalized concept, the Internet still does not have a clear definition. At the same time, even "advanced" Internet users rarely go beyond the knowledge that these resources, being included in open information networks and using the capabilities of public global communication networks, allow the storage, processing and exchange of information in a telecommunication mode. The question of who and how controls this process is not of interest to many. This uncertainty of the Internet environment is actively used by a number of states and IT corporations to solve their problems at the expense of the common good and public safety. Moreover, attempts to build a system of law in the Internet space as the development of the existing system of international security meets with resistance. As a result of the analysis of the practice of building an Internet governance system based on the principle of multistakeholderism, the presented article shows that this component of global communication in its current form, although it is caused by natural social and technical processes, acts in the interests of the United States and carries the potential of threats to peoples and countries. whose government policy does not allow Washington to classify them as "democratic" and "friendly". The recent Twitter revolutions are examples of this. Among the goals of their organizers today are the states of the Caspian region and the South of Russia. Accompanying and facilitating globalization, the Internet creates new opportunities and new, including strategic, risks. There are still no international legal mechanisms to prevent them. The development of the latter is an urgent task of modern law and diplomacy.

Geoinformational monitoring of urban environment is a necessary component of modern military-geographical description of military operation theater. The polymorphism property of modern geoinformational monitoring can be attributed to tactical properties, since it significantly expands range of decryption features of territory to be studied. The essence of polymorphism property of geoinformational monitoring is as follows: the same object of monitoring or the same phenomenon or process can be represented by different models. This property of geoinformational monitoring allows to preserve the integrity of representation of monitoring objects due to the invariance of description of objects and to bring the study of tasks of one type of monitoring to tasks of another type. Consistency of disparate models of monitoring objects is carried out provided that they belong to a given category of models. A constructive approach to the integration of different types of models of monitoring objects in the system of geoinformational monitoring is using methods of categorical-functional analysis. The mathematical apparatus of category theory allows the formalization of structures of complex systems in the form of sets of morphisms and objects of category of structured sets. This allows us to preserve integrity of representation of monitored object, and the consistency of its disparate models based on the analysis of their belonging to a given category of models. The paper presents the mathematical apparatus of implementation of this method, which is the theoretical basis of properties of polymorphism of geoinformational monitoring. The property of polymorphism allows us to increase the efficiency of processes of observation, evaluation, control and management of urban environment on basis of a heterogeneous polymodel complex, which forms information space of object of monitoring. Specific models of practical implementation of the polymorphism properties of geoinformational monitoring on the example of anomalous zones of density of vehicles and thermal field of the city surface are considered.

The relevant issue of information operations research is considered, which includes issues of detection, recognition, analysis, and counteraction. This relevance is due to the significant impact of the information environment on society, social groups and individuals who are in it. The construction of knowledge bases of decision support systems in the information operations research takes place within the method of hierarchical goal dynamic estimating of alternatives. A new approach for the building knowledge bases of decision support systems during information operations research is proposed, which allows reducing the number of appeals to experts through the use of directed weighted networks of terms. Its application saves time and financial resources by reducing expert information usage and also provides an opportunity to identify gaps in knowledge bases. The concept of an information-analytical system for information operations research is developed, which uses directed networks of terms, within which this approach will be implemented. This system allows making recommendations that can be used to analyze and counteract information operations. During automated processing of texts related to the subject domain of the information operation object, there are conducted the formation of text corpora, based on which the construction of networks of terms. Processing of text corpora is performed by computational linguistics, and the construction of a directed network of terms is conducted using an algorithm for constructing a graph of horizontal visibility. It is proposed to determine a sufficient number of texts for representative coverage of the subject domain by stabilizing the ranks of terms when constructing thematic text corpora. An approach for determining the weights of links in the subject domain's directed networks is proposed. The application of the proposed approaches was tested on the example of texts corpora on current topics “Brexit”.

The article explores the concept of information space as a sphere of realization of information sovereignty. According to the results of the study, the understanding of the essence of information sovereignty requires a clear definition of the scope (or space) of its implementation, but the interpretation of space as a specific territory is ambiguous, because the information space has lost all the limitations of physical space. At the same time, the concept of information space is currently absent in the current national legislation, and the concepts of “information space”, “information sphere” and “information environment” are quite often identified as similar. The information space should be understood as the environment of information activities related to the creation, collection, receipt, storage, usage, dissemination, protection and defense of information covered by the jurisdiction of Ukraine, as well as the functioning of the national information infrastructure.

The paper considers an approach to the creating an information system for supporting scientific and educational activities (ISSEA). Such a system is designed to systematize knowledge and information resources on the required educational and scientific topics, ensure their integration into a single information space and provide meaningful access to them. The conceptual approach to the development process of ISSEA is based on combining the most important components of Semantic Web technology, in particular, the use of ontology to represent the semantics of information educational resources and support their intellectual analysis and knowledge management methods to improve the effectiveness of access to heterogeneous loosely connected information on various aspects of educational and scientific activities. Such information systems (is) represent information objects of knowledge (in the form of a network of knowledge and data), search for them, and ontology-driven navigation. ISSEA is equipped with an ergonomic web user interface and special editors designed to manage the knowledge integrated into it.

Attention focuses on cost management over the life cycle of aircraft. The theoretical analysis addresses the components of cost management; the basic automated systems used in the integrated information space; and a universal approach to the application of automated systems at different stages of the product life cycle for purposes including effective cost management. Finally, a system for the management of production costs is formulated, and the architecture of the life-cycle management system for aircraft is established, so as permit cost management even in aircraft operation.