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Machine translation, also known as automatic translation, is the process of converting one natural language (source language) into another natural language (target language) by using networks. There are some language errors in current machine translation in news releases. Having compared human translators’ translation texts and machine translation results, improper machine translation results are found. They are inaccurate use of words, rigid sentence patterns and unclear expression of specific cultural meanings. Accurate machine translation needs the assistance of human translators.

Right-turn waiting area (RWA) is a short demarcated queueing area ahead of the stop line that allows the right-turn vehicles at signalised junctions under the permissive filtering signal operation to proceed into the junction-box at the onset of full green signal phase. The RWA layout gives guidance to vehicle placement of turning vehicles which improves safety and mitigates vehicle queue overflow of the right-turn vehicles. RWA enhances the capacity of right-turn lanes while alleviating conflict severity in some cases. This study analysed the safety impact of the conflict between opposing straight-through vehicles and right-turn vehicles at RWA junctions in Singapore. A microscopic simulation model based on Fuzzy Cellular Automata (FCA) was developed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain the inputs for calibrating the fuzzy inference system. Different scenarios were analysed and discussed including different types of junctions with and without RWAs. The proposed model is found to be able to simulate decision-making of individual drivers at RWA or before stop line, such as exiting the queueing area or crossing the stop line when faced with different gaps and velocity of opposing straight-through vehicles. Ministry of Education (MOE) This research is supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 MOE2013-T2-2-073 and MOE2014-T2-2-097.

Demand side management (DSM) is an important strategy for the electric power industry. As the load demand is growing fast and the difference of peak and valley power is becoming larger with an annual increasing trend, it is necessary to take measures to implement peak load shifting. Flow storage battery (FSB) is well suited for the application owing to its high energy efficiency, fast response, long life and low maintenance requirements. This paper firstly introduces the advantages of FSB compared with other storage batteries, then the detailed model and battery properties are presented. Because FSB has the potential to save cost for both system equipment and customers, an optimal mathematical model is constructed to maximize the savings of customers to find the corresponding optimal capacity of FSB. A benchmark medium-voltage (MV) distribution network from German is used as an example to study the application of FSB in DSM in the constant power control mode. The result is significant to demonstrate that the application of FSB in DSM to implement the load shifting has great advantages and well potential to practical application.