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This project demonstrates a new kind of drawing tool with a novel interface. Recent research in machine learning for image generation has mainly been focused on producing high-quality results and its efficiency in doing so. There was little consideration for how these systems should be interacted with by their actual intended users. My project offers an interface allowing for users to generate images by specifying details in a composition using high-level textual descriptions. To validate this design, I conducted two studies involving expert artists, designers, and UX practitioners.

RDF formalisations are spreading and offer support for describing complex information such as provenance, contexts and uncertainty, while visualisation paradigms able to represent them efficiently are still lacking. This gap offers the opportunity to build onto the standard visualisations using non-representational approaches, user-centred design, and evaluation methodologies.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of user testing for improving healthcare professionals' retrieval and comprehension of information in medicines guidelines. Methods The United Kingdom's Injectable Medicines Guide was selected as a case study. This gives guidance to nurses on preparing and administering intravenous medicines on hospital wards, in line with standard UK practice. Three rounds of user testing were completed with 10 hospital nurses per round, using the Injectable Medicines Guide for voriconazole and aminophylline. Participants used the guidelines to answer 17 questions related to the administration of these medicines. Answers were scored for "finding" and "understanding" the required information. Semistructured interviews explored participants' opinions of guideline content, design, and wording, with responses analyzed thematically. The guidelines were revised between rounds. Results In round 1, 8 of 17 questions were answered correctly by all participants. Participants had difficulty with dose, dilution, administration rate, and adverse effects questions. Revisions included new subsections and increased calculation support. In round 2, 14 of 17 questions were answered correctly by all participants. Difficulty persisted with dose and administration rate questions and further revisions made. In round 3, 15 of 17 questions were answered correctly by all participants. Across all rounds, participants considered appropriate subheadings and information order as important for fast location of information. Specific, detailed, and practical instructions were perceived as important to improve understandability and usefulness. Conclusions Key information in medicines guidelines may not be found and/or understood by healthcare professionals. User testing increased information retrieval and comprehension and could have an important role in improving the safety of medicines use.

The World Wide Web has become a common platform for interactive software development. Most web applications feature custom user interfaces used by millions of people every day. Information architecture addresses the structural design of information to build quality web applications with improved usability of content, navigation, and findability. One of the most frequently utilized information architecture methods is card sorting—an affordable, user-centered approach for eliciting and evaluating categories and navigable items. Card sorting facilitates decision-making during the development process based on users’ mental models of a given application domain. However, although the qualitative analysis of card sorts has become common practice in information architecture, the quantitative analysis of card sorting is less widely applied. The reason for this gap is that quantitative analysis often requires the use of customized techniques to extract meaningful information for decision-making. To facilitate this process and support the structuring of information, we propose a methodology for the quantitative analysis of card-sorting results in this paper. The suggested approach can be systematically applied to provide clues and support for decisions. These might significantly impact the design and, thus, the final quality of the web application. Therefore, the approach includes proper goodness values that enable comparisons among the results of the methods and techniques used and ensure the suitability of the analyses performed. Two publicly available datasets were used to demonstrate the key issues related to the interpretation of card sorting results and the overall suitability and validity of the proposed methodology, This work was partially supported by the Spanish Government [grant number RTI2018-095255-B-I00]; and the Madrid Research Council [Grant Number P2018/TCS-4314]

HackLearn is a scenario-based hacking simulation game for teaching cybersecurity concepts while providing hands-on hacking experiences to the learners. HackLearn design is based on the COFELET framework, which assimilates modern learning theories, well-known cybersecurity standards, and built-in scaffolding and assessment features. Aiming at evaluating the user experience perceived by HackLearn’s users, we describe the process of adopting it in a real educational environment based on the didactic framework for simulation games. Additionally, we present the evaluation methodology elaborated, based on the serious games’ quality characteristics framework. We discuss the evaluation results which indicate that HackLearn is engaging, motivating, usable and effective in teaching cybersecurity concepts and hacking strategies and techniques. The evaluation results revealed the HackLearn’s aspects that can be improved such as the scaffolding feature and the communication mechanism with the game’s back-end facility. The presented work validates and finalizes prior work elaborated on the COFELET framework (e.g., COFELET ontology and the COFELET games life-cycle), whereas it provides directions for future work in the development and evaluation of cybersecurity serious games.

A museum can be a suitable context to experiment with a new interaction technique which guiding visitors and improving their experience for a successful learning environment also to enrich user experience. Mobile technology is used to enhance user experience in a cultural environment that offers more information than physically exposed technology. Therefore, the introduction of augmented reality (AR) that allow visitor to experience interaction in a way that increased knowledge, learning and give additional information with any artefact exhibitions they interact in the museum is applied in this project. The objectives of this research are to develop an interactive design in enhancing user experience in artefact display and evaluate user experience. ADDIE Model is applied as the methodology that consists of five phases which are analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Principles of Interactive Design is utilized in designing the mobile AR application and developed using Unity, Blender and Vuforia. User Experience evaluation method is conducted where findings shows that most respondents are satisfied, and usage of mobile AR has enhanced their experience through navigation during museum visit that also give a lot of new insight on historical artefact that being displayed.

A series of digital marketing transformations have been carried out at Chinese gas stations. From the perspective of user experience, the article discovers the problems in the digital service system of gas stations. Through semi-structured interviews, we collect consumers’ actual usage of digital equipment and service systems. The research adopts grounded theory to encode qualitative data. The behavioral state and psychological needs of consumers in the driving situation are analyzed. The study clarifies the influence of consumer behavior status, service context process, key task difficulty, and service information visualization on service experience. The discovery of service problems in turn help to further optimize the digital service system. The constructed SITE model clarifies the key factors of user experience in the gas station scenario. The research findings can provide a theoretical reference and practical guidance for gas station business owners, managers, and designers.

Mobile map applications are typically used by a broad range of users. Users can be diverse in their context attributes (e.g. map use experience, activities during map use), and several previous user experience (UX) studies have focused on understanding how some contextual factors influence the UX for designing maps that satisfy users’ needs. A need for research remains to evaluate the relationship between user context, UX, and variants of mobile map element design. In this article, we present our research investigating the interplay of these factors through an empirical user study with citizens in Austria. We created an online survey and generated 84 map variations, combining seven map-related tasks, three base map styles, two map detail densities, and two time-pressure variants. We tested these map variations with 107 survey participants and related their UX to user context. Map-related tasks emerged as a dominant factor modifying the map design UX. Further results showed that interactivity loaded map-related tasks were aided when paired with low detail-dense base maps, contrasting overlay features. We recommend future research to analyze an extended set of context attributes with additional participant data, to evaluate dynamic variations in context, and to find ways to dynamically monitor mobile map design UX.

International audience; Healthcare simulators are learning environments that offer many training opportunities. The integration of expressive virtual patients in these simulators encourages the exchanges and provokes emotional reactions in the learner, which promotesmemorization and learning. Based on these elements, we assume that the facial expressiveness of a virtual agent is a factor to be considered in order to improve the user experience. We investigate the impact of the facial expressiveness of virtualhumans on the empathy induction in the user of health simulators. We also investigate the impact of facial expressiveness on the user’s sense of similarity and the affective bond with the agent. Our results show a high empathy score when userstrain with simulators. Depending on the context, we observe a significant difference in perspective-taking in favor of the users who interact with an expressive virtual agent to a virtual agent without facial expressiveness.

Several studies reported a dependency between perceived beauty and perceived usability of a user interface. But it is still not fully clear which psychological mechanism is responsible for this dependency. We suggest a new explanation based on the concept of visual clarity. This concept describes the perception of order, alignment and visual complexity. A high visual clarity supports a fast orientation on an interface and creates an impression of simplicity. Thus, visual clarity will impact usability dimensions, like efficiency and learnability. Visual clarity is also related to classical aesthetics and the fluency effect, thus an impact on the perception of aesthetics is plausible. We present two large studies that show a strong mediator effect of visual clarity on the dependency between perceived aesthetics and perceived usability. These results support the proposed explanation. In addition, we show how visual clarity of a user interface can be evaluated by a new scale embedded in the UEQ+ framework. Construction and first evaluation results of this new scale are described.

The student academic portal is one of the Academic Information Systems at The University of Lambung Mangkurat (ULM). The ULM student academic portal can only be accessed by the ULM students. It can be used for academic guidance, managing student study plans, printing test cards, filling out questionnaires, and viewing exam results (assessment). However, since its release in 2016, there has been no publication regarding evaluations on the website-based ULM student academic portal. Evaluation is one of the stages in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This stage allows the user to assess the system. This study aims to evaluate the academic portal of the ULM students. Evaluation is carried out to determine the user's evaluation of the existing system. The evaluation method used is the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). With this method, users can assess the ULM Student Academic Portal from various aspects: Novelty, Stimulation, Dependability, Efficiency, Perspicuity, and Attractiveness. The results of this study indicate that the Perspicuity aspect gets a high score while Novelty gets a low score.

This paper aims to evaluate the user experience of a mobile health application called Halodoc to keep the user using the application and keep from losing a potential source of revenue for Halodoc. Halodoc is one of the companies that use the internet to provide health services for its users. Halodoc has services such as features for consultation with doctors, online medicine purchases, and hospital appointments. Halodoc’s vision is to simplifying healthcare, but there are still many complaints and negative reviews about Halodoc on Google play store and Apple store about the usability. This paper uses a mixed-method approach using User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and Usability Testing. The results of the analysis were used as a reference for making the improvement designs. The results of the UEQ evaluation showed accordingly to the UEQ benchmark already a good level of UX. However, the usability test uncovered some concrete areas for improvement.

This study surveys the state of the art in usability and user experience strategies applied to applications that deal with large amounts of data in the field of Cultural Heritage, highlighting the most prominent aspects and underlining the under-explored. In these applications, large amounts of data need to be wisely presented to help final users at drawing conclusions and making decisions. While sophisticated technology may be used to improve the user experience, it should not be applied to the detriment of usability, which is critical for the success of these applications. We performed a systematic mapping study to classify the literature retrieved in the four largest scientific databases by a structured search string. We classify applications according to purpose, intended users, the way they address and evaluate UX and usability, among others, and include the analysis of combined results through maps.Findings reveal the contradiction that while most articles are intended for the education and tourism of the general public, only half of the studies evaluate usability. Moreover, there is a significant research gap in user interfaces for systems in the context of preventive conservation, for research, assessment and decision assistance.This is the first systematic mapping study combining usability and Cultural Heritage, especially for data-oriented applications. It shows that more research is necessary to assist conservators and researchers, and to address usability from early stages of development., Laboratorio de Arquitectura y Hábitat Sustentable, Laboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzada

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą osadzenia koncepcji płci społeczno-kulturowej w branży nowych technologii, a dokładniej jednym z ich działów - user experience (UX). Problemem badawczym jest odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jak płeć społeczno-kulturowa różnicuje treści procesu projektowego UX. W celu pogłębienia tego tematu oraz poznania doświadczeń i wyobrażeń o kobiecości i męskości w projektach UX zastosowana została metoda badań jakościowych - wywiady pogłębione ze specjalistami user experience. Z przeprowadzonych rozmów zostały wyodrębnione elementy, które rozgraniczają projektowane doświadczenia użytkowników pod względem ich płci (kolorystyka, układ treści, kształtów, zdjęć, grafik).

The work on the factory floor is gradually changing to resemble knowledge work due to highly automated manufacturing machines. In the increasingly automated work environment, the machine operator’s task is to keep the production running and to solve possible problems quickly. This work is expected to become more autonomous, which raises the importance of supporting the workers’ well-being. An important aspect of that is giving concrete feedback of success at work as well as feedback on physical and mental load. We implemented a smartphone optimized web application, Worker Feedback Dashboard that offers feedback to machine operators about their well-being at work and personally relevant production data as well as their connections to each other. The feedback is personal and based on objective, near real-time measurements. We present the results of a field study, in which ten machine operators used the application for 2–3 months. We studied the operators’ user experience, usage activity, perceived benefits and concerns for the application with questionnaires, interviews and application log data. The operators found the feedback interesting and beneficial, and used the application actively. The perceived benefits indicate impacts on well-being as well as on work performance. Based on the results, we highlight three design implications for quantified worker applications: presenting meaningful overviews, providing guidance to act based on the feedback and refraining from too pervasive quantification not to narrow down the meaningful aspects in one’s work.

While the COIVD-19 has triggered the rapid and large-scale promotion of online courses, it has also exposed the problem of poor user experience on online course platforms. Therefore, this research hopes to propose a complete user experience evaluation system to clarify the deficiencies of the platform and give directions for improvement. This research combines qualitative and quantitative, from the perspective of user experience, integrates data obtained through literature research, interview and network research to determine evaluation indices. The Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are used to determine the weights of various indices and set the scoring level. It is obtained that the “ease of operation” has the most important impact on the user experience of the online live course platform. Innovatively adopting the t-test method to establish a comparative analysis method for the model application, a standardized process of model application is designed, and a complete evaluation system is constructed. Two pieces of software are selected as experimental samples to verify the model from both statistics and practical applications. The test results show that although the two experimental sample software have significant differences in the scores of multiple second-level indices, the overall scores are still similar, which is consistent with the direct evaluation results. Therefore, the user experience evaluation system proposed in this research is reliable, which can provide a reference for the construction of online live course platform and the optimization of user experience.

The development of welfare assistive devices for frail elderly people has attracted significant attention for its effort to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden on caregivers. However, it is challenging to conduct multiple user tests because of the significant burden on the elderly; thus, we need efficient ways to extract insight through different approaches. In this study, we aim to elucidate real-time transitions in users’ emotions and achievement motivation while using such a device. We synthesize an utterance analysis method based on attribution theory, in which all users’ utterances are attributed to four categories (ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck) that follow the developed coding rules. Knowing the transitions in causal attribution allows us to extract salient experiences for users, especially by extracting shifts from them and analyzing why the shift occurred and what exactly was happening before and after the shift. If only salient user experiences can be referenced from the aggregate data, useful information can be extracted in a short time to improve system characteristics and the environment. We discussed the validity and reliability of the proposed method by conducting a user test of an electric-assisted four-wheeled cycle for frail elderly people in Kakegawa city in Shizuoka, Japan. We also succeeded in marking the points that need attention, which is about 33% of the total amount of utterance data (1626 utterances), and thus confirmed the potential of the proposed method. Future research should examine how the developed methodology can help designers improve assistive device development, as well as how it can contribute to other fields such as education and social assistance.

The objective of this article was to establish the first contextual approaches for the development of a framework focused on the design of automotive infotainment systems. Therefore, a method was developed to identify a group of characteristics of the infotainment system interfaces that ensure a good user experience by the user, according to previous studies. Besides, the establishment of usability is proposed as a basis for the development of the tool.

The University of Indonesia (UI) Library has a website that is accessed by students to meet their information needs. Evaluation of usability on the university library website is important so that users remain loyal to visit it and the results can be used as a basis for further development. This study aims to evaluate the usability on the University Indonesia Library website between the batch of 2016 and 2019 and compare its results. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative using a questionnaire based on the System Usability Scale. Questionnaires are distributed online through instant messaging applications and social media. The research data were analyzed using the System Usability Scale score calculation technique, then the results were compared between the two batches. The results of the analysis showed that the batch of 2016 had a better website usability value than the batch of 2019. The two batches also have good user experience based on the five components of Nielsen's usability, namely learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, and satisfaction. The usability of the Indonesian Library's website has not been well accepted by students of batch 2016 and 2019, although there are differences in scores between the two batches. Because the SUS score is below average and below acceptable, further research can be conducted using different method or instrument to identify the existing problems.

Patient Journey Maps are an emerging concept that visually map each interactive touchpoint that the patient experiences as they navigate the care continuum. The purpose of this article is to: 1) Identify the ways that patient journey mapping has been used to identify efficiencies and inefficiencies in the healthcare process from a patient perspective, 2) Identify the type of approaches that have been documented to visually identify the patient journey, 3) Identify how information tools can be taken into account to improve gaps identified by patient journey mapping; and 4) Detail what patient journey visualization and mapping tools currently exist (and are used) in research and healthcare practice. A scoping review literature exploration, following the Arksey and O’Malley Framework (2005) was conducted in the PubMed database, with a focus on English publications only, using the search terms “patient journey map.” Two researchers iteratively assessed the articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; 30 articles were included in the study. A thematic analysis was conducted and the findings were tabulated in the data extraction table. The patient journey map has considerable promise but continues to be an underutilized resource in industry - further research and standardization is required to increase adoption in the healthcare setting. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2020.12.021

Europeana is the EU flagship initiative for digital cultural heritage that gives free access to more than 50 million digital objects coming from more than 3.500 libraries, archives and museums across Europe. Of this huge amount of digital cultural heritage content, over a million are videos and more than seven hundred thousand are audio documents. Audio and video materials keep users engaged on a website longer than any other content type and this is the kind of content most web users look for, and user statistics confirm this also on Europeana.eu. Hence the aim of the project Europeana Media was to improve the user experience with audiovisual material on the Europeana portal and deliver functionalities to better access and incorporate AV content from Europeana.eu into the working environments of researchers, educators and citizens by developing an Enhanced Unified Playout Service. This unified player is based on the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF), which provides a standardised method of describing and delivering images, video and audio over the web. Europeana ist die Vorreiterinitiative der EU für digitales Kulturerbe, die freien Zugang zu mehr als 50 Millionen digitalen Objekten aus mehr als 3500 Bibliotheken, Archiven und Museen in ganz Europa bietet. Von dieser riesigen Menge an Inhalten des digitalen Kulturerbes sind über eine Million Videos und mehr als siebenhunderttausend Tondokumente. Audio- und Videomaterialien halten die Nutzer länger auf einer Website beschäftigt als jede andere Art von Inhalten, und dies ist die Art von Inhalten, nach der die meisten Nutzer suchen, und die Nutzerstatistiken bestätigen dies auch auf Europeana.eu. Daher war es das Ziel des Projekts Europeana Media, die Benutzererfahrung mit audiovisuellem Material auf dem Europeana-Portal zu verbessern und Funktionalitäten für einen besseren Zugang und die Integration von AV-Inhalten von Europeana.eu in die Arbeitsumgebungen von Forschenden, Lehrenden und Bürgern durch die Entwicklung eines verbesserten einheitlichen Ausspielservice zu liefern. Dieser vereinheitlichte Player basiert auf dem International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF), das eine standardisierte Methode zur Beschreibung und Bereitstellung von Bildern, Video und Audio über das Web bietet.

The aim for this research is to design , develop and evaluate a web - based child health record system with appointment notification. This system has the ability to record all the medical information about a child such as the heig ht, weight, treatments and medical conditions . It also has the ability to rec ord the visit s and immunization details, reminder for next visits and immunization appointments. A User Experience ( UX ) Test were conducted during the study to evaluate the system . User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) is the instrument that is being utilized during the UX Testing to evaluate the user experience quality of a product. UEQ has been divided into six scales which are attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation and novelty . During the UX Testing, the users were given a chance to explore and evaluate the system. The result from the UX Testing indicates that most of the users agree that the system is attractive and has a good perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation and novelty. In conclusion, this research h as achieved the objectives which are to design, develop and evaluate a Web - Based Child Health Record System with Appointment Notifications.

Contains fulltext : 225305.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) 10 p.

Background. Simulation-based training is an effective, and therefore increasingly widespread, tool used in the teaching and assessment of complex skills. In order to determine the effectiveness of the virtual classroom simulators used in teacher training, there is a need for studies into user experiences, within the scope of human-computer interaction, which provide an indicator of software usability. Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of teacher candidates and academics in the use of SimInClass, a game-based virtual classroom simulator. Method. 16 senior teacher candidates and two academics, determined by the criterion sampling method, participated in the case study which involved a focus group interview, one-on-one interviews, and observation techniques. The case study centered around a 14-week teacher training program which used the SimInClass simulation. Data related to user experiences was analyzed independently by two researchers, and the fit index between the data encoders was calculated as being 0.94. Results and Conclusion. The participants who preferred to use the SimInClass simulation on a computer said they did so because of user input, usage control and screen size, while those who favored using a mobile device pointed to the easy access. All of the participants felt that the SimInClass simulation was effective in providing clear directions and giving feedback. One suggestion was that the simulation should give clues regarding the correct solution, while some users felt that it needed to be made more accessible for different disciplines. Despite some reservations and suggestions of this type, the overall impression of the test subjects was that the use of virtual classroom simulators in teacher training was effective.

This study empirically examined the effects of internal and external factors on actual use behavior, health improvement expectancy, and continuous use intention of healthcare wearable devices. The study proposed a research model with its associated hypotheses that were tested using structural equation modeling. We also performed a comparative analysis of the two sample groups (medical personnel and general public), based on data collected from 288 healthcare wearable devices/apps users. The findings of the study indicated that internal and external factors have positive effects on actual use behavior, and health improvement expectancy and continuous use intention of healthcare wearable devices can be promoted through actual use behavior. The comparative analysis of the two groups showed that medical personnel had higher relationships among the study factors than general public. The study results shed theoretical and practical implications regarding how healthcare wearable devices or apps can be effectively used for disease prevention and health management for the users.

Food experience is now omnipresent with the increased use of social media such as Instagram. Users often share food images or video which is often accompanied with #hashtags. Readers of the post are required to tap into their visual cognition and perception of what it represents. Little exploration has been done to understand if image can simulate food taste and how similar is the perception after user tasted the food. We were motivated to understand the difference of food taste perception on digital image and its true form by studying user hashtags. We applied the case study approach where we focused on a Malaysian dessert to compare user perception of the cakes’ dimension which are appearance, flavour, texture and hedonic. Using Instagram, users were requested to create hashtags that depict their taste perception of the cakes before and after tasting the cake. The hashtags were then analysed using content analysis where we found that the perception on digital image and true form had a degree of difference where many of the initial perception were inaccurate. This implies that visual images may not be able to facilitate accurate food taste perception and would need further technology interactivity to achieve the objective.

Since 2000, in the planning and development of products and services, providing users with a better experience when using products and services has become essential, resulting in a growing need for value-centered design that focuses on providing users with more attractive experience values. In this article, we introduce the value-centered product development process that has been used in the planning and development of notebook PCs, focusing on the experience value provided to the user.

We have many opportunities to disclose privacy information in exchange for convenient services. In the context of privacy calculus, numerous research studies have been conducted to date on the relation between potential benefits and potential risks of privacy disclosure decisions [1, 2]. However, an unresolved problem in the privacy calculus is that the intention of the privacy disclosure may vary not only between users but also in a single user. Our study hypothesized that each user always makes a decision on privacy disclosure depending on the user experience of the service in use. Therefore, we take a user-centered perspective to investigate the impact of service trials on users’ privacy disclosure decisions. In this study, a task-based study scenario has designed and tested between lab members. Result of investigation, we find if the service makes users have a good impression after service trials, users tend to provide more privacy disclose.

Daily experiences in working with various types of computer systems show that, despite the offered functionalities, users have many difficulties, which affect their overall User eXperience (UX). The UX focus is on aesthetics, emotions and social involvement, but usability has a great influence on UX. Usability evaluation is acknowledged as a fundamental activity of the entire development process in software practices. Research in Human-Computer Interaction has proposed methods and tools to support usability evaluation. However, when performing an evaluation study, novice evaluators still have difficulties to identify usability problems and to understand their causes: they would need easier to use and possibly automated tools. This article describes four visualization techniques whose aim is to support the work of evaluators when performing usability tests to evaluate websites. Specifically, they help detect “usability smells”, i.e. hints on web pages that might present usability problems, by visualizing the paths followed by the test participants when navigating in a website to perform a test task. A user study with 15 participants compared the four techniques and revealed that the proposed visualizations have the potential to be valuable tools for novice usability evaluators. These first results should push researchers towards the development of further tools that are capable to support the detection of other types of UX smells in the evaluation of computer systems and that can be translated into common industry practices.

PurposeThis study examines the impact of response time on user experience for mobile applications and considers the moderating influence of gender and network environment on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment was conducted with 50 young adults to evaluate their user experience of a mobile application that simulates variations in network environment and response time. User experience was evaluated based on the three constituent dimensions of tolerance, acceptance, and satisfaction.FindingsAnalytical results demonstrate that response time not only adversely affects user experience of mobile applications, but that this effect is not homogeneous across the three dimensions of tolerance, acceptance and satisfaction. The findings also illustrate that gender moderates the effect of response time on user experience, however, the negative influence is more salient for males than females, which is opposite to our hypothesis. The joint moderating influence of gender and network environment turned out to be partly significant.Practical implicationsBy illuminating users' tolerance, acceptance, and satisfaction with varied response times, findings from this study can inform the design of mobile applications such that desired levels of user experience can be assured with minimum resources.Originality/valueAlthough response time has been hailed as a key determinant of user experience for desktop applications, there is a paucity of studies that have investigated the impact of response time on user experience for mobile applications. Furthermore, prior research on response time neglects the multi-dimensional nature of user experience. This study bridges the above mentioned knowledge gaps by delineating user experience into its constituent dimensions and clarifying the effects of response time on each of these dimensions.

In the context of Digital Transformation, organizations need to react in a flexible manner to rapidly changing markets and disruptive technologies. Customer and user satisfaction are important in order to succeed. Agile User Experience (UX) Design and Lean User Research enable the organization to focus on the needs of its customers and users. The objective of this paper is to investigate the best practices that exist for user research in agile product development. In particular, we want to answer the following question: What impact does Lean User Research have and how is it conducted in industry? We have carried out several studies to answer our questions. First, we created the pattern Lean User Research by means of a systematic pattern mining process. Next, we gathered quantitative data by means of a questionnaire study. This was followed by the collection of qualitative data in a panel discussion with experts from academia and industry. The results reveal that Agile has an impact on how user research is conducted because of the speed of agile product development. In addition, we provide best practices of Lean User Research and show how they are applied in industry by giving practical examples. Moreover, we found that the UX community values the aspects of Lean User Research as important, but do not constantly apply it in their practical work. We can conclude that people have to experiment and adapt the best practices of Lean User Research to their special contexts as well as develop an agile mindset.

In recent years, MOOC has become one of the most popular trends in global education. However, the completion of courses is still a great challenge for MOOCs. Thus, the evaluation of MOOCs is of great importance to online education. The goal of this research is to evaluate the interfaces of localized MOOC on PC platforms, specifically, to explore the role of culture on the interface design and its user experience (UX). Three studies were conducted in our research. In study 1, through an interview, we selected two localized MOOCs (Chinese University MOOC and Coursera), typical user tasks, and main factors of UX. In study 2, a content analysis was conducted to compare the interface design of the MOOCs selected in study 1. The results showed significant cultural differences in the interface design between the two localized MOOCs. In study 3, the UX was evaluated on Chinese University MOOC (CUM) and Coursera. It is found that the task-based UX of CUM is better than Coursera on four typical tasks. And the overall UX (usability, aesthetics, and pleasure) is much higher on CUM. The findings reveal the cultural influence on the interface design of localized CUM and Course. Accordingly, the Chinese user experience is better on CUM than Course. This research indicates a better UX of localized MOOCs also depends on culture-preferred interface design. Meanwhile, from the perspective of UX, we also provide some theoretical and practical implications for the enhancement of interface designs of localized MOOCs. Hopefully, this research can contribute to the design of localized MOOCs in China.

The Analytics companies enable successful targeted advertising via user profiles, derived from the mobile apps installed by specific users, and hence have become an integral part of the mobile advertising industry. This threatens the users' privacy, when profiling is based on apps representing sensitive information, e.g., gambling problems indicated by a game app. In this work, we propose an app-based profile obfuscation mechanism, ProfileGuard, with the objective of eliminating the dominance of private interest categories (i.e. the prevailing private interest categories present in a user profile). We demonstrate, based on wide-range experimental evaluation of Android apps in a nine month test campaign, that the proposed obfuscation mechanism based on similarity with user's existing apps (ensuring that selected obfuscating apps belong to non-private categories) can achieve a good trade-off between efforts required by the obfuscating system and the resulting privacy protection. We also show how the bespoke (customised to profile obfuscation) and bespoke++ (resource-aware) strategies can deliver significant improvements in the level of obfuscation and (particularly bespoke++) in the use of mobile resources, making the latter a good candidate strategy in resource-constrained scenarios e.g., for fixed data use mobile plans. We also implement a POC ProfileGuard app to demonstrate the feasibility of an automated obfuscation mechanism. Furthermore, we provide insights to Google AdMob profiling rules, such as showing how individual apps map to user's interests within their profile in a deterministic way and that AdMob requires a certain level of activity to build a stable user profile.

This article contributes a novel approach to public service design in the age of digitalization. Termed 'design for experience', this approach builds on developments in the fields of digitalization, user experience, and service design, as well as the integration of the service ecosystem concept. 'Design for experience' aims to facilitate value propositions that support public service users to co-create value in their lifeworlds. Achieving this requires a multi-level approach because a user's value creation process is embedded in a multi-actor configuration and governed by institutions. A conceptual framework is offered, alongside guidance in applying the 'design for experience' approach.