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As part of H2020 OPERANDUM project, a multi-dimensional, open and user-friendly platform is being developed, named OPERANDUM Geospatial Information Knowledge Platform (GeoIKP), which enables stakeholders and end-users to improve their knowledge of nature-based solutions (NBS) as a long-term and sustainable measure for mitigation and reduction of flooding, coastal erosion, landslide and other hydro-meteorological hazards. This contribution offers an overview of GeoIKP and discusses in detail some of the innovative aspects of the platform, such as a the integration of a NBS data management portal with a web application offering advanced webGIS tools, a comprehensive catalogue of NBS, as well as analytical algorithms to demonstrate the effectiveness of NBS in reducing hydro-meteorological risks.The platform design is being based on intuitive techniques, ease of access, dynamic navigability, interactive knowledge management, and multiple format compatibility. It empowers the multiple and diverse actors involved in the NBS co-design/co-development process (policymakers, citizens, enterprises, scientists, etc.) to visualize and query geo-referenced data for the specific area of interest.In its first - yet preliminary - release, GeoIKP already offers a variety of functionalities and geo-referenced data of relevance for NBS, while at the same time it provides more standardized ways for NBS data (and metadata) management and cataloging. We conclude by reflecting on some of the current challenges associated with NBS data, such as adequacy and discoverability.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being implemented as suitable approaches for reducing vulnerabilityand risk of social-ecological systems (SES) to hydro-meteorological hazards. Understanding vulnerabilityand risk of SES is crucial in order to design and implement NBS projects appropriately. A systematic literaturereview was carried out to examine the suitability of, or gaps in, existing frameworks for vulnerability and riskassessment of SES to hydro-meteorological hazards. The review confirms that very few frameworks have beendeveloped in the context of NBS. Most of the frameworks have emphasised social systems over ecological systems.Furthermore, they have not explicitly considered the temporal dimension of risk reduction measures. Thestudy proposes an indicator-based vulnerability and risk assessment framework in the context of NBS (VR-NBS)that addresses both the above limitations and considers established NBS principles. The framework aims to allowfor a better consideration of the multiple benefits afforded by NBS and which impact all the dimensions of risk. Alist of 135 indicators is identified through literature review and surveys in NBS project sites. This list is composedof indicators representing the social sub-system (61% of total indicators) and the ecological sub-system (39% oftotal indicators). The list will act as a reference indicator library in the context of NBS projects and will beregularly updated as lessons are learnt. While the proposed VR-NBS framework is developed considering hydrometeorologicalhazards and NBS, it can be adapted for other natural hazards and different types of risk reductionmeasures.