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Governmental and local authorities are facing many new information and communication technologies challenges. The amount of data is rapidly increasing. The data sets are published in different formats. New services are based on linking and processing differently structured data from various sources. Users expect openness of public data, fast processing, and intuitive visualisation. The article addresses the challenges and proposes a new government enterprise architecture framework. The following partial architectures are included: big and open linked data storage, processing, and publishing using cloud computing. At first, the key concepts are defined. Next, the basic architectural roles and components are specified. The components result from the decomposition of related frameworks. The main part of the article deals with the detailed proposal of the architecture framework and partial views on architecture (sub-architectures). A methodology, including a proposal of appropriate steps, solutions and responsibilities for them, is described in the next step - after the verification and validation of the new framework with respect to the attributes of quality. The new framework responds to emerging ICT trends in order to evolve government enterprise architecture continually and represent current architectural components and their relationships. Vládní a místní autority čelí v oblasti informačních a komunikačních technologií mnoha novým výzvám. Množství dat rychle narůstá. Datové sady jsou publikovány v různých formátech. Nové služby jsou založeny na propojení a zpracování různě strukturovaných dat z různých zdrojů. Uživatelé očekávají otevřenost dat veřejné správy, rychlé zpracování a intuitivní vizualizaci. Tento článek se zabývá těmito výzvami a navrhuje nový rámec podnikové architektury veřejné správy. Zahrnuty jsou následující dílčí architektury: ukládání, zpracování a zveřejňování big a open linked dat s využitím cloud computingu. Nejprve jsou definovány klíčové pojmy. Dále jsou specifikovány základní architektonické role a komponenty. Identifikované komponenty vycházejí z dekompozice souvisejících rámců. Hlavní část článku řeší podrobný návrh architektonického rámce a dílčí pohledy na architekturu (sub-architektury). Metodika, včetně návrhu potřebných kroků, řešení a odpovědností za ně, je popsána v další části - po verifikaci a validaci nového rámce s ohledem na atributy kvality. Nový rámec reaguje na aktuální trendy v oblasti ICT s cílem neustále rozvíjet a přizpůsobovat podnikovou architekturu veřejné správy a zahrnovat do ní relevantní architektonické komponenty a jejich vztahy.

Service registry's main responsibility on cloud andweb service platforms among cataloging the services is to manage service capability descriptions and deliver binding instructions of suitable services to their requesters. This paper presents a scenario based evaluation on a set of existing and planned features of a certain service registry implementation in order to identify the architectural risks and trade-offs. The analysis applies the ATAM method and its SOA and REST related extensions to the service organization, related communication patterns and interfaces of the existing and new planned active features including service brokering. These are investigated from the quality point of view to identify the benefits and possible risks of such architectural decisions especially related to the new planned feature. The analysis exposed risks and trade-offs of the existing features andmost importantly new added value and design risks of the newfeature but also demonstrated applicability of the ATAM basedmethods and its additions.

Context: Software architectures should be evaluated during the early stages of software development in order to verify whether the non-functional requirements (NFRs) of the product can be fulfilled. This activity is even more crucial in software product line (SPL) development, since it is also necessary to identify whether the NFRs of a particular product can be achieved by exercising the variation mechanisms provided by the product line architecture or whether additional transformations are required. These issues have motivated us to propose QuaDAI, a method for the derivation, evaluation and improvement of software architectures in model-driven SPL development. Objective: We present in this paper the results of a family of four experiments carried out to empirically validate the evaluation and improvement strategy of QuaDAI. Method: The family of experiments was carried out by 92 participants: Computer Science Master s and undergraduate students from Spain and Italy. The goal was to compare the effectiveness, efficiency, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and intention to use with regard to participants using the evaluation and improvement strategy of QuaDAI as opposed to the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). Results: The main result was that the participants produced their best results when applying QuaDAI, signifying that the participants obtained architectures with better values for the NFRs faster, and that they found the method easier to use, more useful and more likely to be used. The results of the meta-analysis carried out to aggregate the results obtained in the individual experiments also confirmed these results. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that QuaDAI would achieve better results than ATAM in the experiments and that QuaDAI can be considered as a promising approach with which to perform architectural evaluations that occur after the product architecture derivation in model-driven SPL development processes when carried out by novice software evaluators., The authors would like to thank all the participants in the experiments for their selfless involvement in this research. This research is supported by the MULTIPLE Project (MICINN TIN2009-13838) and the ValI+D Program (ACIF/2011/235).

We conduct a Systematic Mapping Study to categorize the primary research papers in architectural analysis. Systematic mapping studies can change the research perspective in an area and they can help to find the ignored researched areas. The objective of this study is to investigate the techniques used in papers on architectural analysis, identify the current trends, and provide suggestions for the future research studies. We search for papers published within the last ten years in the following databases: IEEE Explorer, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct, and Wiley. We conclude that more validation and evaluation research is needed to provide a better foundation for architectural analysis. Premier Hall Sci & Engn

While developing divertor remote handling maintenance systems at the Divertor Test Platform 2 facility, some risks and sensitivity points related to the Cassette Multifunctional Mover control system software were discovered and evaluated. The control system architecture has to simultaneously fulfill the demanding ITER remote handling requirements and to face new requirements being uncovered during the trials. Especially evolving non-functional requirements such as reliability and safety have an effect on the control system architecture as it is getting more mature. An evaluation of the implications from architectural decisions is necessary before implementation efforts, as an architecture left to develop without evaluation may lead to a dead end and therefore soaring development costs. After studying existing architecture analysis methods an analysis method was developed to gain confidence to carry out the proposed changes.

International audience; Algorithmic self-assembly is the study of the local, distributed, asynchronous algorithms ran by molecules to self-organise, in particular during crystal growth. The general cooperative model, also called temperature 2, uses synchronisation to simulate Turing machines, build shapes using the smallest possible amount of tile types, and other algorithmic tasks. However, in the non-cooperative (temperature 1) model, the growth process is entirely asynchronous, and mostly relies on geometry. Even though the model looks like a generalisation of finite automata to two dimensions, its 3D generalisation is capable of performing arbitrary (Turing) computation [SODA 2011], and of universal simulations [SODA 2014], whereby a single 3D non-cooperative tileset can simulate the dynamics of all possible 3D non-cooperative systems, up to a constant scaling factor. However, the original 2D non-cooperative model is not capable of universal simulations [STOC 2017], and the question of its computational power is still widely open and it is conjectured to be weaker than temperature or its 3D counterpart. Here, we show an unexpected result, namely that this model can reliably grow assemblies of diameter$$\varTheta (n \log n)$$ with only n tile types, which is the first asymptotically efficient positive construction.