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The internet-of-things (IoT) refers to the growing field of interconnected pervasive computing devices and the networking that supports smart, embedded applications. The IoT has multiple human-computer interaction challenges due to its many formats and interlinked components, and central to these is the need to provide sensory information and situational context pertaining to users in a more human-friendly, easily understandable format. This work addresses this by applying mixed reality toward expressing the underlying behaviors and states internal to IoT devices and IoT-enabled objects. It extends the authors’ previous research on IoT Avatars (mixed reality character representations of physical IoT devices), presenting a new head-mounted display framework and interconnection architecture. This contributes i) an exploration of mixed reality for smart spaces, ii) an approach toward expressive avatar behaviors using fuzzy inference, and iii) an early functional prototype of a hybrid physical and mixed reality IoT-enabled object. This approach is a step toward new information presentation, interaction, and engagement capabilities for smart devices and environments.

The furniture business has developed quite well every year, but the promotions used by the company still use the usual methods, such as using brochures that only display 2D information and images. With so much competition, consumers want something unique and different so they can find out more detailed and real product information offered. Augmented reality is the right technology to meet these consumer needs. Augmented reality is a technology that combines the virtual world with the real world directly. Therefore, an application was designed that functions as a company profile as well as displays 3D rattan chair products using Augmented reality technology on android devices. The method used in this research is the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) which includes Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, Testing, and Distribution. This Augmented reality application requires streaming video taken from a smartphone camera as an input source, then this application will track and detect markers using a tracking system, after the marker is detected, the 3D chair model in the catalog will appear above the marker as if it were a chair model. it's real. the results of the hypothesis test with a significant level of 0.139, which is greater than 0.05, then what is accepted is H1. It can be stated that an augmented reality-based electronic catalog application can increase buying interest in potential consumers of Raffi cushion rotan

In the recent years, medical education is facing various difficulties. Students are struggling to visualize the internal organs and bones, it is insufficient cadaver for dissection demonstration, there are lack of equipment for training, and not enough opportunity for hands-on training. Technologies have been utilized to supplement teaching in medical education to overcome the mentioned difficulties. Augmented Reality in particular mobile Augmented Reality has shown a rise in the application of medical education in this decade. This paper aims to do a narrative review to study the overall progress and development of mobile Augmented Reality application in medical education from year 2010 to 2020. From the review done, we found that the application of mobile Augmented Reality in medical education is feasible, it is well accepted by medical students. We also identified current research gaps and potential future development of mobile Augmented Reality in medical education. It was found that there is lack of research done to study long term effect on the users. Interaction between virtual object and real-world object was lacking in some applications. More refinement and update are needed on flow, media and design of Augmented Reality application. There is also essential to study the influence of marker size or surface material.

This article presents a novel extended reality (XR) and deep-learning-based Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) solution for the COVID-19 telemedicine diagnostic, which systematically combines virtual reality/augmented reality (AR) remote surgical plan/rehearse hardware, customized 5G cloud computing and deep learning algorithms to provide real-time COVID-19 treatment scheme clues. Compared to existing perception therapy techniques, our new technique can significantly improve performance and security. The system collected 25 clinic data from the 347 positive and 2270 negative COVID-19 patients in the Red Zone by 5G transmission. After that, a novel auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network-based intelligent prediction algorithm is conducted to train the new COVID-19 prediction model. Furthermore, The Copycat network is employed for the model stealing and attack for the IoMT to improve the security performance. To simplify the user interface and achieve an excellent user experience, we combined the Red Zone's guiding images with the Green Zone's view through the AR navigate clue by using 5G. The XR surgical plan/rehearse framework is designed, including all COVID-19 surgical requisite details that were developed with a real-time response guaranteed. The accuracy, recall, F1-score, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) area of our new IoMT were 0.92, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively, which outperforms the existing perception techniques with significantly higher accuracy performance. The model stealing also has excellent performance, with the AUC area of 0.90 in Copycat slightly lower than the original model. This study suggests a new framework in the COVID-19 diagnostic integration and opens the new research about the integration of XR and deep learning for IoMT implementation.

5G and beyond mobile systems target a plethora of emerging industrial and entertainment verticals that incur extra overhead to the network. These verticals are characterized by vigorous, continuous, and conflicting requirements that make the desired system's mission strenuous and more challenging. These verticals, such as autonomous driving, will accommodate immersive services, including virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) and Holography services. Immersive services, in particular, have strict requirements for latency, throughput, and positioning. This article discusses VR-based remote services' potential, which occupies an important place among immersive services such as remote surgery, remote space control, and remote driving of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or cars. Such services require an ultra-low Glass-to-Glass latency to avoid any failure and accidents when remotely controlling devices. We evaluate an immersive remote control service from the end-to-end communication perspectives using different camera devices that stream real-time 360° videos to a VR Head Mounted Device (HMD). The obtained results demonstrate the challenges of such service and the need for more advanced and optimized techniques, devices, and protocols to achieve less than 20 ms of Glass-to-Glass latency.

The rapid development of virtual and augmented reality technologies is currently taking place in almost all spheres of activity. Elements of virtual and augmented reality are used in such areas as education, medicine, transport, gaming, tourism and others. The active spread of these technologies causes the emergence of special competencies in the IT labor market and, as a result, the formation of new professions.Many Russian universities are training students in IT training areas. Specialization in the development of computer games and virtual reality applications has begun recently. The provision of practical classes is accompanied by specific tasks, which gives students the opportunity to improve the use of software and technical devices.The relevance of the research is determined by the current demand for the use of the latest technologies by IT developers in the field of creating computer games. Today, technologies that provide a player’s immersion in virtual reality are becoming more and more popular. One of these technologies is a suit with wearable sensors that track a person’s position in space in real time. However, there are quite a few real described projects in the literature and on the Internet. This study examines the process of developing a task for creating a game application using virtual reality technology: a suit with wearable sensors for teaching students.Materials and methods of research. Timely identification of the needs of the IT market in personnel training allows educational organizations to form new training programs of different levels of training. This approach makes it possible to target the educational and methodological materials being developed to use the latest achievements in the development of the field under study.Using a systematic approach, the study characterizes virtual reality suits and sensors for monitoring the position in the user’s space. Thus, the goal of the task was to ensure the immersiveness and convenience of interaction between the player and the game environment.Based on materials on software, position sensors in space, the approach of pedagogical design was applied and the procedure was formed for a practical task, reflecting the relevant competencies.Results. The study was conducted on the basis in the framework of laboratory and practical work of students, as well as at a real enterprise. Training in the new profile of the direction of training “Applied informatics” is fully equipped with all the latest technologies in this field. As a result of the work, the content of the practical task was developed.Real development of virtual and augmented reality applications is conducted jointly with students. Almost all projects used a suit with body sensors.Conclusion. Our study examines in detail the process of developing an application using a suit with wearable sensors for further training of students. Based on the results, work can be carried out on real projects for any field. Based on the research materials, it is planned to issue a textbook for students with the profile of developing computer games and virtual / augmented reality applications.

The translator application from Banjar Language to Indonesian is called BandoAR and vice versa from Indonesian to Banjar Language which is called NdoBAR. Both applications utilize Mobile Augmented Reality technology with the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Method for word recognition in the detected image. This application is recommended and used to help tourists visiting the city of Banjarmasin to be able to understand the language used by local people as a means of communication and for the general public who want to know the peculiarities of the Banjar language itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the user experience of the BandoAR and NdoBAR applications. The method used is UX Honeycomb, which has seven aspects to assess the user experience of an application. A total of 50 respondents were presented to assess the two applications. The results showed that the BandoAR application had an average UX Honeycomb value of 4.91 with a Very Strongly Agree predicate and for the NdoBAR application, an average value of UX Honeycomb was 4.89 with a Very Strongly Agree predicate. Both applications have fulfilled aspects of the user experience. However, we need some fixes for the shortcomings of both apps, to continue to improve interactions, better user experience, and other smart capabilities.

With the rapid development and extensive promotion of computer and Internet technology, users are more and more dependent on the network. The traditional information management system has been unable to meet the actual needs of a large number of concurrent access and fast storage. Therefore, it is very important to establish a unified cloud application platform for centralized management and unified identity of users in different systems. Through the combination of user experience testing technology, Internet of Things technology and cloud computing technology, the automatic user experience test of network application is realized, and the test report is generated. Managers can view the report through the report display interface provided by the user experience test cloud platform. Before the information system goes online, it will greatly improve the user experience quality of the information system by using the user experience test cloud platform. The designed pipeline integrates the augmented system and the Social Internet of Thing system to provide the efficient framework. Through the testing, the performance of the model is validated, the accuracy has reached the state-of-the-art level.

In this paper are discussed the application of 3D technologies, which are reflected in various areas of life, such as education, science, engineering and entertainment industry. The use of 3D technology in the educational process can significantly increase its efficiency by bringing the virtual computer environment closer to the real three-dimensional world. But for now the use of augmented reality in teaching is only gaining momentum. Many applications are still quite primitive, but developers are actively working on their refinement, increasing the amount of educational content, improving quality. The task of fast and high-quality algorithm for creating 3D content for further import in AR training projects has been urgent. The aim of this work is to increase the level of use of 3D technologies in the educational process for an effective and external interactive way of providing information. In the course of the work the methods of creating 3D content for different areas of application such as game industry, 3D visualization, 3D printing, AR projects, holographic fans, preliminary assessment of technical properties of the product and etc were considered. Data analysis has been shown that for each area of ​​application 3d content has its own requirements and features. This information was identified and presented in the form of a comparative table. Based on the analysis of modern methods of developing 3D content for various applications, a general method of creating 3D objects for further import into AR projects was proposed. Based on the proposed approach, a 3D model of the character for the children audio-encyclopedic stories educational application was designed. The obtained models were also integrated in the augmented reality environment. The use of this approach has increased the download speed of the model in an augmented reality application.

This paper discussed the development of multi-maker augmented reality for learning Jawi in order to complement the formal study in school. We conducted an experiment with N=10 participants from Pusat Minda Lestari, UMS age 5 and 6 years old, to study the effectiveness of learning Jawi using the developed mobile augmented reality application. We prepared a test environment comprising an electroencephalography (EEG) system and mobile augmented reality (AR) application for analysis and testing. Results found that the learn ability of the students was improved after they used the mobile application to learn basic Jawi. The methodology used was ADDIE model, which included the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluate phases. This project is an innovation in learning Jawi and hopefully can increase the children’s interest in learning Jawi.

Currently, the obstacles faced in learning process are found to be low student interest in learning. The main factor contributing to low student interest in learning is influenced by the lack of variety of learning media used by teachers in schools. The use of augmented reality (AR) in education is classified as an important research topic, although it is still being studied in its early stages. The purpose of this research was to develop learning media using e-magazine based on an AR to increase students' interest in learning. The developed e-magazine was carried out using model of ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). Parameters in this study was focused on the quality of e-magazine and students’ interest in learning. Testing students' interest in learning was conducted by using a questionnaire and given directly to students. The experiments were carried out in the control class consisting of 36 students and the experimental class consisting of 36 students. Results of the study found that the development of AR-based e-magazines were obtained in relatively good category. This value was supported by the validation value found in the very valid category. Analysis on the didactic, constructive and technical aspects were obtained a score of 3,82, 3,85 and 3.78, respectively, with a very valid category. The results also showed that the use of AR-based e-magazines could be increased students' interest in learning and students' interest in learning was obtained at a value of 0.342 in the high category. Thus, the use of AR-based e-magazines as digital learning media can be used in the learning process.

Critique sessions are an essential educational activity at the center of many design disciplines, especially those involving the creation of physical mockups. Conventional approaches often require the students and the instructor to be in the same space to jointly view and discuss physical artifacts. However, in remote learning contexts, available tools (such as videoconferencing) are insufficient due to ineffective, inefficient spatial referencing. This paper presents ARCritique, a mobile Augmented Reality application that allows users to 1) scan physical artifacts, generate corresponding 3D models, and share them with distant instructors; 2) view the model simultaneously in a synchronized virtual environment with remote collaborators; and 3) point to and draw on the model synchronously to aid communication. We evaluated ARCritique with seven Industrial Design students and three faculty to use the app in a remote critique setting. The results suggest that direct support for spatial communication improves collaborative experiences. Published version

Pengetahuan mengenai perlengkapan kemiliteran tidak hanya diperoleh melalui pameran saja, dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi bisa diperoleh melalui aplikasi. Penggunaan aplikasi augmented reality dapat dijadikan contoh dalam pengetahuan perlengkapan militer secara tiga dimensi. Perancangan ini bertujuan memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat umum dengan menggunakan teknologi Augmented Reality. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode ADDIE dan algoritma FAST Corner dan Lucas Kanade. Perancangan ini menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi yang berisi pengenalan perlengkapan militer yang terdiri dari baret, topi boonie, topi patroli, helm, kacamata, tas besar, P3K (Pertolongan Pertama Pada kecelakaan), pisau, senjata jauh dan senjata menengah. Informasi singkat mengenai masing-masing perlengkapan militer yang dirancang secara menarik agar masyarakat umum mudah memahami dalam menggunakan aplikasi yang dapat dijalankan pada platform Android.

The objective of the present study is to produce a learning media product of health protocol implementation to children entitled "Awas Ada Virus Corona". This media utilized RD method and took several steps, namely preliminary research and data collection, research planning, product development, expert validation, product revision and final product. Feasibility testing is carried out by media experts by examining the multimedia construction domain consist of 3 aspects, namely guidance and information, program performance as well as systematic, aesthetic, and design aspects. Furthermore, a filled questionnaire by media experts was used to collect the data needed. Meanwhile, the descriptive statistic was used to analyzed the data gathered. The result of the present study is an application that can be used by children entitled " Awas Ada Virus Corona " as an educational media in implementing 3M of health protocol, namely wearing masks, washing hands, and maintaining a safe distance. The addition of Augmented reality technology with a live coloring feature is added in this application in reading markers to increase children's attractiveness. This augmented reality technology is applied in order to avoid the children only focus on gadgets, so children feel happy in using the familiar media and still interacting with the environment.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran lingkaran dengan augmented reality berbasis Android yang valid dan praktis bagi siswa tunarungu. Media pembelajaran tersebut akan dinilai kelayakannya dari segi kevalidan dan kepraktisan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu analisis, pendesainan, pengembangan, implementasi dan tahap evaluasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 17 siswa tunarungu kelas VII, VIII dan IX di SLBN 2 Bantul. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen angket penilaian kevalidan dari segi materi dan media, serta lembar angket respon siswa. Analisis data skor validasi ahli dan skor respon siswa yang berbentuk skor skala lima (kategori kuantitatif), dikonversi ke dalam kategori kualitatif. Hasil penelitian berupa media lingkaran dengan augmented reality berbasis Android yang valid dan praktis. Ditinjau dari hasil penilaian ahli materi dan ahli media, kevalidan media termasuk kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan dari penilaian respon siswa, kepraktisan media termasuk kategori sangat baik. Siswa tunarungu terlihat antusias menggunakan media pembelajaran yang mengakomodir keterbatasan indra pendengarannya, melalui penyajian teks sebagai pengganti audio dalam mengilustrasikan konten visual konsep lingkaran. Meskipun sudah memenuhi kriteria kevalidan dan kepraktisan, namun media yang dikembangkan masih memiliki keterbatasan yang memerlukan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut menurut penilaian guru.

The work is devoted to the description of the process of developing a universal toolkit for generating synthetic data for training various neural networks. The approach used has shown its success and effectiveness in solving various problems, in particular, training a neural network to recognize shopping behavior inside stores through surveillance cameras and training a neural network for recognizing spaces with augmented reality devices without using auxiliary infrared cameras. Generalizing conclusions allow planning the further development of technologies for generating three-dimensional synthetic data.

The use of technology in special education has been rapidly increased in recent years. Augmented reality (AR) is one of these technologies that combines real world and virtual objects together. AR ...

With the rapid development of information technology, mobile in recent years, with the rapid development of information technology, mobile 5G, virtual reality, augmented reality, big data, cloud co...

Augmented Reality is a type of interactive technology that combines real objects and virtual objects at the same time and is displayed on the screen. Augmented Reality has been applied as a way of working based on image detection and it is commonly called a marker. By using the smartphone's camera and then detects the marker that has been printed. Augmented Reality is widely used in various purposes, the example is for advertising or promotion. In advertising, Augmented Reality can be used as a promotion or information that can make it more interesting. This research aims to apply AR technology to the campus promotion media on the University of Panca Marga's new student admission brochure. The stages taken in this research are literature study as well as observation, design, and implementation stages. The application of Augmented Reality was built using Unity 3D software, Android SDK, Vuforia SDK, and Sweet Home 3D. The results of the application of Augmented Reality technology can display 3D virtual objects, 2D, and video using the new student admission brochure used as a marker. The marker that is detected by the camera on the Android smartphone can display 3D UPM buildings, location plans, UPM profile videos, and faculty digital brochures. So users can see how the campus buildings are in real-time as well as some other information that has been provided. Based on the tests, all features can run well.

Marc-doa application is Mobile Augmented Reality cubes used as a learning media for children, focusing on cognitive and psychomotor learning. The contents of this application are daily prayers for Muslim children and designed in the form of audio-video animations. The development of the Marc-doa application uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle method. This research aims to discuss the design and evaluation of Marc-doa. Evaluation and technical tests are conducted on several aspects, specifically on the detection process, distance, angle, and surface area. In addition, the testing process is to identify the ideal conditions for the use of Marc-doa. From the evaluation and testing process, four markers showed good results. Only one marker does not show the results as expected. The ideal distance for using Marc-doa application between 25-40 cm. The angle for ideal reception between 0-30 degrees and the surface area Marc-doa application can detect markers correctly between 50%-100% surface area. The ideal distance, surface area, and conditions for utilising Marc-doa application were obtained from this research.

In response to extreme traffic congestion in metropolitan areas that causes unnecessarily long travel times, high fuel consumption, and excessive greenhouse gas emissions, transportation agencies have implemented various strategies to mitigate traffic congestion. Managed lanes—one of the measures applied worldwide—provide benefits to road users and operating agencies by integrating advanced technologies such as electronic and dynamic tolling systems. However, those agencies already implementing or considering implementing the managed lane strategy are seeking a solution to effectively and properly charge toll rates based on vehicle occupancy and penalize violating vehicles. Vehicle passenger detection systems (VPDSs) have been developed and evaluated worldwide, but limitations still inhibit their full implementation. This study confirms that the performance of the deep learning algorithm, a core VPDS technology, declines under certain adverse weather conditions because of lack of training data sets. The performance of the “you only look once” (YOLOv3) model trained with a normal weather data set decreased by as much as 8.5% when it was tested for adverse weather conditions. In this study, augmented reality (AR) models are developed to enhance the accuracy of vehicle passenger detection (VPDA) by the VPDS by training the algorithm with AR images representing virtual adverse weather conditions. Models trained with AR image sets of various weather categories (fog, rain, and snow) attained VPDA enhanced by up to 7.9%. The final model significantly improves VPDA under adverse weather conditions. The proposed models could be considered for implementation with road weather information systems under adverse weather conditions.

The article analyzes immersive education, augmented and virtual reality technologies and their forms of application in modern economic conditions both abroad and in Russia. Advantages and disadvantages of application of these technologies and constraints of their development are outlined. Reasons and factors influencing the application of these technologies in manage-ment and education are justified. We studied the change in interest in the concept of “virtual reality” according to the search queries of the Google trends service. The practice of AR/VR tools application in management and educational process was summarized. Statistics on the prospects for the development of the global market for virtual and augmented reality tech-nologies were analyzed. The domestic practice of development of AR/VR projects and platforms is summarized. Proposals for the development of immersive technologies in education and business are formulated.

This research aims to develop an android-based augmented reality application called AR Tennis. The resulted product is used as a medium for learning tennis courts courses. The AR Tennis application helps students understand the illustrations contained in courts tennis textbooks. The picture in the book which is originally only a silent illustration, with the help of the AR Tennis application, the image will move. The method used is MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle). Testing the application using the blackbox method and the results are all components of the application function properly. From the results of the assessment of learning media experts obtained a value of 97.6 with a very good category. From the expert on tennis material, the score is 89.2 with a good category. And trials for students who take part in tennis court scored 92.14 in the appropriate category for use. Augmented reality technology is still not popular in the field of education. But going forward this technology will be very helpful in any study in the education.

Over the last ten years, several stakeholders from the higher education sector have been involved in the area of student activation. This is due to the fact that, among other things, lecturers can get better feedback from the learners through active learning and thus can make the lecture more goal-oriented. Due to technological progress and currently available learning platforms, interactive methods are often used, which can be carried out with the help of online tools. Among the most commonly used methods are Peer Instruction (PI) and Just in Time Teaching (JiTT).All kinds of Mixed Reality are increasingly used in industrial and social context, such as product development processes. Through Augmented Reality (AR) technology and the constant availability of powerful mobile devices, 3D-based content can be virtually linked to the real environment. This enables teaching complex content efficiently, which is otherwise difficult to achieve using conventional methods.This paper shows an example on the creation of an AR-Experience to activate students even in a situation, that prevents attandence learning. The procedure is explained along the design and calculation of a non-switchable clutches within the lecture "machine elements".

Currently, gesture recognition is like a problem of feature extraction and pattern recognition, in which a movement is labeling as belonging to a given class. A gesture recognition system’s response could solve different problems in various fields, such as medicine, robotics, sign language, human–computer interfaces, virtual reality, augmented reality, and security. In this context, this work proposes a systematic literature review of hand gesture recognition based on infrared information and machine learning algorithms. This systematic literature review is an extended version of the work presented at the 2019 ICSE conference. To develop this systematic literature review, we used the Kitchenham methodology. This systematic literature review retrieves information about the models’ architectures, the implemented techniques in each module, the type of learning used (supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning), and recognition accuracy classification, and the processing time. Also, it will identify literature gaps for future research.

Currently the development of technology is progressing very rapidly and its development cannot be stopped. With so many advanced technologies that have emerged, various kinds of human work can be done in more innovative ways. One example is in the field of education. Currently, there are various kinds of technology-based learning media, one of which is learning media using Augmented Reality technology or often shortened to AR. Application Development as Learning Media to Build Space for Elementary/Junior High School Level Using Marker Augmented Reality Method is one form of utilizing AR technology in the field of education, especially as a learning medium. With the creation of this Augmented Reality-based learning media for building space, It is hoped that students can understand learning materials easily, and students' interest in learning can increase because the objects in the space are designed to be attractive, colorful, and interactive to avoid boredom. Based on this, this research is one of the new breakthroughs in the world of education that utilizes technological advances and helps teachers provide more interesting learning media. Meanwhile, the results of this study are in the form of an AR application and a mathematical book (module). this research is one of the new breakthroughs in the world of education that utilizes technological advances and helps teachers provide more interesting learning media. Meanwhile, the results of this study are in the form of an AR application and a mathematical book (module). this research is one of the new breakthroughs in the world of education that utilizes technological advances and helps teachers provide more interesting learning media. Meanwhile, the results of this study are in the form of an AR application and a mathematical book (module).

Much has changed in the landscape of wearables research since the first International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC) was organized in 1997. The authors, many of whom were active in this community since the beginning, reflect now 25 years later on the role of the conference, emerging research methods, the devices, and ideas that have stood the test of time—such as fitness/health sensors or augmented reality devices—as well as the ones that can be expected still to come, like everyday head-worn displays.

The internet has become a vital component of the twenty-first century as technology has advanced. The number of new technologies emerging in tandem with the qualities supplied by the Internet is rapidly increasing. The World Wide Web (WWW), which is commonly referred to as the world's largest information environment, is a vital virtual environment in which internet users may trade, read, and publish information using a Web browser. Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 technologies have all been seen and are still being observed in this review paper. However, there is no clear definition for Web 4.0, which is a 4th generation web technology, in the literature. Web 4.0 has multiple dimensions, as seen by the first examples that have appeared. Big data, augmented reality, machine-to-machine communication (M2M), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, as well as smart agents, will be able to integrate in the future years. Web 4.0 is a web technology revolution that includes a new internet of things (IoT) that interacts with a variety of models. The goal of this study is to clarify the notion of Web 4.0, which is viewed as an intelligent and symbiotic (human-machine interaction) network with massive interfaces and linkages, as well as to contribute to the literature by studying its many dimensions and investigating its links with new generation technologies.

The paper describes the concept of augmented reality. Based on literature analysis, the authors claim that augmented reality technology enriches human experiences with digital data. The introduction of augmented reality applications and services provides an opportunity to increase the realism of research, while also offering an enhanced emotional and cognitive experience. Therefore, it can be an effective tool for the organization of learning in schools, colleges and universities.Augmented reality technologies can be interesting as an object of study as well. To do this, scientists need to design, develop and test appropriate methodologies.This paper explores one of the components of such techniques. The authors analysed several platforms for creating augmented reality applications. Unity, Vuforia and 3d-Studio were chosen for the purpose of analysis. Using them, the authors developed a fragment of the content of education. It contains instructionsfor creating an augmented reality application. The paper contains the author’s account of the process of training future teachers of computer science at Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University (Ukraine). Based on the conducted study, the authors claim that students showed considerable interest in augmented reality technologies and the content of their training.

This paper presents the evaluation of Augmented Reality Application development for the educational purpose of Palembang cultural artefacts in Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (SMB II) Museum. The method applied in this study effectively developed an AR application to visualize the 3D object of SMB II Museum collections and created new digital 3D objects of Palembang cultural artefact which no longer exist. The digitization of the collection is an innovation that provides new culture learning experiences utilizing AR technology and also contributes to the preservation of Palembang cultural artefacts. Users can interact directly with these artefacts virtually which cannot be performed in the real environment but AR enabling it. In term of effectiveness and efficiency, some testing scenarios were performed. The results showed that the application could run its functionality as designed with time responsiveness for detecting marker was 0.599 seconds on average. App usability was also evaluated using the SUS method. The SUS survey score of 78.3 showed that the developed AR of the SMB II museum was acceptable by two variations of the millennial user. The augmented reality (AR) application is proposed as a medium to support the services of SMB II museum for education that effective improving users knowledge by 28.5% after using the App. The use of AR in the SMB II Museum leads to an enhanced interactive learning experience that promotes cultural heritage preservation in Palembang Indonesia.

This paper investigates the art design of user interaction experience in mobile systems through the methods of contextual perception and machine learning. The theoretical foundations for the design of intangible cultural heritage interactive display resources include digital display theory, intangible cultural heritage education theory, embodied cognition theory, and gamification design theory. Based on the modelling and analysis of the theoretical foundations, the design principles are derived, including the heritage education principle, the somatic interaction design principle, and the content design principle. In this paper, we use ontologies to construct user knowledge models, fuse multi-situational similarity metrics, screen out candidate neighbour sets through preliminary screening, then combine the user's activity to construct time-based weight tensor scores, use tensor decomposition to obtain recommendation evaluation values, and finally use the recommendation evaluation values to make artistic recommendations. The experimental results show that the algorithm can still obtain a good recommendation implementation in the case of extremely sparse data. The analysis of the fit between augmented reality and folk art appreciation class, as well as the reference to relevant application cases, make design and practice of augmented reality application in folk art appreciation class, try to solve the common problems in folk art appreciation class, analyse the feedback effect and make a summary and outlook.

Virtual and augmented reality allows the utilization of natural user interfaces, such as realistic finger interaction, even for purposes that were previously dominated by the WIMP paradigm. This new form of interaction is particularly suitable for applications involving manipulation tasks in 3D space, such as CAD assembly modeling. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of natural interaction for CAD assembly modeling in virtual reality. An advantage of the natural interaction compared to the conventional operation by computer mouse would indicate development potential for user interfaces of current CAD applications. Our approach bases on two main elements. Firstly, a novel natural user interface for realistic finger interaction enables the user to interact with virtual objects similar to physical ones. Secondly, an algorithm automatically detects constraints between CAD components based solely on their geometry and spatial location. In order to prove the usability of the natural CAD assembly modeling approach in comparison with the assembly procedure in current WIMP operated CAD software, we present a comparative user study. Results show that the VR method including natural finger interaction significantly outperforms the desktop-based CAD application in terms of efficiency and ease of use.

PurposeThis paper proposes a model that extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) by identifying factors that influence consumers' acceptance of augmented reality (AR) self-service technologies (AR-based SSTs) in the retail sector, resulting in the Augmented Reality in Retail Model (ARiR Model).Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on an online questionnaire responded to by 284 makeup-using women from Nicaragua and the USA. It is based on an AR mobile app used to shop in retail stores. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling was used to validate the ARiR model and test the hypotheses.FindingsAesthetics and navigation are significant predictors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (PEOU), and self-efficacy also explains perceived ease of use. Technology readiness and the need for personal interaction were not found to be influencing factors. A cross-cultural comparison indicated that both countries have similar overall attitudes towards AR-based SSTs.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides insights into the perceived value of, and motives for customer acceptance of, AR-based SSTs, which can serve as guidelines for their future implementation. Furthermore, it validates and confirms the application of the proposed ARiR model for technology acceptance in both developed and developing countries.Practical implicationsThe paper provides new insights for retailers on the implementation of AR at the point of sale.Originality/valueThe model extends the original TAM to AR and introduces five new constructs: need for personal interaction, aesthetics, navigation, self-efficacy and technology readiness. It was tested in both a developing and a developed country.

Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlapping of the real world and the virtual world. AR is an evolving technology, and its implementation opens up a new direction to multiple types of information access services rendered to the users. The digital library section of the central library IIT Kharagpur has a rich collection of several items like CD/DVD ROMs, Digital Scanners, and VR Devices. Library developed in-house WebAR programs using “ar.js” that support “three.js” and “A-Frame” for Augmented Reality rendering on the web. This study tried to evaluate web-based AR programs’ performance on mobile devices with low-end hardware configuration supporting WebGL and WebRTC. We conducted quantitative research to find the performance of the web-based AR applications using the four independent variables, namely frames per second (fps), request animation frame (raf), load time (lt), entity object (eo). The paper is also helpful to the academic librarians who think about implementing augmented reality library services with no cost involved. The AR-based information service is beneficial to library users with new COVID norms1, as the user does not need to touch anything to get the information. Instead, it gets into his/ her mobile device.

Currently, the world of education is entering a disruptive era. Digital-based educational technology. Especially in the distance education model. The technology used is relatively unsophisticated. This study aims to: (1) develop Disruptive Innovation learning media with Augmented Reality with the concept of 3D objects in the form of a Drill Machine; (2) testing the attractiveness of Disruptive Innovation Learning media with Augmented Reality with a 3D Object Concept in the form of a Drill Machine; and (3) testing the effectiveness level of the product being developed. The method used is research and development (R&D), followed by quasi-experimentation to test its effectiveness. Validation consists of two teams of experts, namely e-learning media experts and vocational education material experts. The findings in this study include augmented reality technology based on 3D objects in the form of a drill machine that was developed has a high level of attractiveness and completeness of vocational material. The object-based 3D augmented reality technology in the form of a drill machine that was developed was proven to be able to improve the understanding skills of vocational students in the education era 4.0.

For a long time, Graphic design was specialized in the production of printed materials for example magazines, newspapers, books, flyers, advertising posters …etc. However, the development in the field of information technology added a lot to graphic design, it came with a standalone branch called "Multimedia", which deals with computer graphics - without the need to print them - and forms them in a dynamic framework such as movies, With the ability to use sound effects, and the most popular programs dealing with this type of design is "3d Max, Maya, Macromedia Director, Adobe Flash, & Multimedia Builder". Even hand-drawn animation became drawing and moving by computer in a much less time than before. There are different types of animations but not limited to 2D animations, 3D animations, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality …etc. The importance of the research is due to the fact that in our time, it has become of great importance to deeply use the concept and methods of graphic processing of advertising campaigns using augmented reality and three-dimensional hologram imaging and give a special character in those animated advertising campaigns. Change graphic designers' thinking about graphic designs using hologram imaging and mix it with augmented reality. It is in our modern age that it has become a phenomenon in the field of graphic design, and it must be studied with an examination to find out its results on modern thought, especially in the field of advertising and graphic advertising campaigns.

The brain–computer interface (BCI) technique represents one of the furthermost active interdisciplinary study domains and includes a wide knowledge spectrum from a different disciplines such as medicine, neuroscience, machine learning and rehabilitation. The motor imagery (MI) technique based on BCI has been broadly applied in rehabilitation especially for upper limb motor movement where people with disabilities need to restore or improve their walking capability. Nowadays, virtual reality is a beneficial scheme for BCI users because it proposes a relatively cost-effective, safe way for BCI users to train and explain themselves in using BCI in a computer-generated environment earlier than in a real-life scenario. Depicting the whole picture for signal processing techniques and methods utilised in MI-based BCI training environments is difficult. In addition, numerous challenges and open issues regarding signal processing and pattern recognition exist in the literature of the current topic; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to highlight these challenges and open issues in signal processing methods, techniques and pattern recognition in smart BCI training environments. This work illustrates the effect of the theoretical perspectives associated with BCI works for research development in smart training environments. Consequently, this research copes with these issues via a systematic review protocol to help the large community of BCI users, especially people with disabilities. Fundamentally, four substantial databases, namely, IEEE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed contain a considerable amount of technical and scientific articles relevant to smart BCI training systems. A set of 375 articles is collected from 2010 to 2020 to reveal a clear picture and a better understanding of all the academic literature through a final set of 25 articles. In addition, this research provides the state of the art for signal processing, feature extraction, classification techniques and smart training environment characteristics for MI-based BCI applications. This study also reports the challenges and issues identified by the researchers as well as recommended solutions to solve the persistent problems. This study introduces the state-of-the art virtual and augmented reality environments as a smart platform and the neurofeedback schemes used for MI-based smart BCI training systems. Moreover, this study highlights for the first time 10 concepts of smart training in a virtual environment applied in MI and BCI, and investigates the evaluation of these concepts against the literature to gain only 45.55%. Collectively, the implication of this study will offer the opportunity of deploying an efficient smart BCI training system in terms of data acquisition and recording, pattern recognition and smart environment for BCI users and rehabilitation programmes.

The purpose of this article is to discuss how to improve the ways the Taiwanese Ground Forces use the common operational picture (COP) for training to improve the efficacy of tactical training and ...

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are poised to revolutionize the conventional transportation industry. In this article, we first introduce the vision of vehicle computing in the autonomous driving era and highlight that CAVs are the perfect computation platforms, so connected devices/things with limited computation capacities may rely on surrounding CAVs to perform complex computational tasks. Next, we depict several reasons why vehicle computing is essential and emerging, followed by four case studies, including in-vehicle delivery, in-vehicle meeting, in-vehicle entertainment, and in-vehicle augmented reality, to further illustrate vehicle computing. Finally, we conclude this article by listing several technical challenges related to vehicular communication, open APIs, computation hardware, energy consumption, computation offloading, as well as security and privacy.

O processo de ensino é dinâmico e desde o princípio se adapta a realidade de uma determinada época. A educação vem sendo muito influenciada pelo crescimento de novas tecnologias, dentre as quais se destaca a Realidade Aumentada (inserção de elementos virtuais no mundo real), pela sua capacidade de ilustrar conceitos muito abstratos. Para compreender como esta nova tecnologia vem sendo empregada como ferramenta pedagógica no Ensino Médio e os resultados obtidos, este trabalho realiza uma revisão sistemática sobre artigos encontrados em diversas bases de dados científicas. Por meio da análise dos documentos obtidos, este estudo exibe um panorama das pesquisas que vem sendo realizadas sobre Realidade Aumentada, aplicadas ao Ensino Médio, em todo o mundo, suas técnicas, áreas de interesse, desafios e oportunidades. Com base nos resultados encontrados observa-se que a melhora na aprendizagem e a motivação em apreender se destacam nos trabalhos analisados e estes corroboram os resultados encontrados em pesquisas iniciais nesta área.

Depth estimation is a classic task in computer vision, which is of great significance for many applications such as augmented reality, target tracking and autonomous driving. Traditional monocular depth estimation methods are based on depth cues for depth prediction with strict requirements, e.g. shape-from-focus/ defocus methods require low depth of field on the scenes and images. Recently, a large body of deep learning methods have been proposed and has shown great promise in handling the traditional ill-posed problem. This paper aims to review the state-of-the-art development in deep learning-based monocular depth estimation. We give an overview of published papers between 2014 and 2020 in terms of training manners and task types. We firstly summarize the deep learning models for monocular depth estimation. Secondly, we categorize various deep learning-based methods in monocular depth estimation. Thirdly, we introduce the publicly available dataset and the evaluation metrics. And we also analysis the properties of these methods and compare their performance. Finally, we highlight the challenges in order to inform the future research directions.

Edukasi mengenai gempa bumi di Indonesia harus dioptimalkan. Salah satu alternatif optimalisasi edukasi mengenai gempa bumi ialah melalui penggunaan media augmented reality. Penggunaan media augmented reality sejalan dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi yang juga familiar dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini ialah bagaimana perancangan augmented reality sebagai media edukasi gempa bumi?. Tujuan penulisan ialah untuk mengetahui perancangan augmented reality sebagai media edukasi gempa bumi. Metode penulisan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Model pembuatan augmented reality menggunakan model waterfall yang terdiri dari analysis, design, implementation, testing, dan maintenance. Konten augmented reality yang memuat animasi 3D mengenai jenis-jenis proses gempa bumi dan terjadinya gempa bumi, serta video animasi 2D mengenai mitigasi bencana yang dikemas secara lengkap dan menarik.

RESUMO A realidade aumentada é uma tecnologia digital que complementa o mundo real através da inserção de elementos digitais, melhorando assim a experiência do usuário. Essas informações adicionaispodem ser imagens em 3 dimensões, vídeos, sons ou animações. Essa tecnologia necessita de umdispositivo eletrônico para capturar o mundo real e misturá-lo as informações digitais, sendo muitofavorecida pelo desenvolvimento de smartphones e tablets. Várias áreas do conhecimento vemestudando a realidade aumentada para compreenderem como podem se beneficiar de suascaracterísticas e entre elas se destaca a educação. Esse estudo buscou através de uma revisãobibliográfica compreender as iniciativas nessa área com foco em seus benefícios e desafios. Dentreas diversas disciplinas, esta revisão focou em trabalhos voltados a de História, que por trabalhar comobjetos históricos por vezes distantes pode ser favorecida pela realidade aumentada. Por meio dostrabalhos analisados nessa área em todo o mundo, constatamos que o emprego da realidadeaumentada melhora a aprendizagem e contribui para um aumento da motivação intrínseca do aluno. Palavras-chave: Tecnologia digital. Educação. Virtualização.

Visualization can be a motivating way to teach students about molecules. Nowadays, the available experimental data and accurate computational results allow students to build realistic and accurate molecular models. These models include the representation of complex systems such as proteins, membranes, or nanotubes. However, the visualization of these three-dimensional (3D) structures can be challenging, complex, or even abstract for most people. To make the visualization easier and more motivating, BioSIM Augmented Reality (BioSIMAR) was developed as a free online software program to provide a new way to visualize and interact with 3D molecular models in a virtual environment. Using augmented reality (AR) and quick response code technologies, BioSIMAR provides tangible models of molecules to help illustrate chemical concepts. BioSIMAR runs on any electronic device, including mobile phones, tablets, laptops, or desktop computers with a camera and an internet connection, without requiring the installation of additional software. This software program helps people visualize and understand concepts about atoms and molecules, and their characteristics. BioSIMAR is freely available at https://ar.biosim.pt/.

Augmented Reality is a demanding feature that widely embeds in our mobile devices. With the current mobile networks this feature will be increasingly accessible in many areas such as education. The current situation in learning history is boring and unattractive to high school students. In addition, the current history books as well as additional revision books are very textual and contain less pictures.The aim of this paper is to describe the mapping of the different learning styles that the students have employed onto the AR mobile application in learning history. The mapping should facilitate all learning styles so that learning history becomes more interactive and engaging.

The total population of Indonesia as of September 2020 is based on the official statistical news number 07/01/th. XXIV, 21 January 2021 issued by the Indonesian Statistics Center, totaling 270.20 million people and 10.88% or 29,397,760 people are the post Gen Z generation born from 2013 onwards with an estimated age up to 7 years of age. The post Gen Z generation is a generation that is categorized as early childhood. Moreover, learning from an early age is important so that children are familiarized with the knowledge they are most interested in and mastered so that it makes it easier for them to understand it. Especially if the learning material is delivered electronically via a smartphone which is associated with the application of the Augmented Reality (AR) method so that they are more interested in learning and with a different atmosphere in terms of delivering face-to-face subject matter in class which is sometimes boring. In this paper, we design and implement a learning model equipped with AR technology to make it easier for young children to learn subject matter that is important for their future and limited to science subject matter. In this paper, a mobile application with AR technology is proposed where users can learn from the images they capture and gain learning from the perspective of these images. What's more, the application of AR technology is also more practical and reduces the burden of carrying heavy and thick books in studying a subject matter. The model was designed using a use case diagram as a business process design and class diagrams for database design including the user interface as a representation of communication between users and applications.

Fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are projected to bring a major transformation to the current fourth-generation network to support the billions of devices that will be connected to the Internet. 5G networks will enable new and powerful capabilities to support high-speed data rates, better connectivity and system capacity that are critical in designing applications in virtual reality, augmented reality and mobile online gaming. The infrastructure of a network that can support stringent application requirements needs to be highly dynamic and flexible. Network slicing can provide these dynamic and flexible characteristics to a network architecture. Implementing network slicing in 5G requires domain modification of the preexisting network architecture. A network slicing architecture is proposed for an existing 5G network with the aim of enhancing network dynamics and flexibility to support modern network applications. To enable network slicing in a 5G network, we established the virtualisation of the underlying physical 5G infrastructure by utilising technological advancements, such as software-defined networking and network function virtualisation. These virtual networks can fulfil the requirement of multiple use cases as required by creating slices of these virtual networks. Thus, abstracting from the physical resources to create virtual networks and then applying network slicing on these virtual networks enable the 5G network to address the increased demands for high-speed communication.

Novice users of telesurgery could be limited by their experience and technical ability. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care systems is unprecedented, and telehealth allowed care providers and patients a safety margin. An indirect impact of redeployment of hospital staff during COVID-19 management has been on the reduced educational opportunities for residents. Proximie can be considered as a virtual teaching platform or classroom for any user. Twenty-one students voluntarily participated in utilizing a da Vinci® skills simulator (dVSS) to carry out surgical training simulation tasks. Our study focuses on digital native’s adaptation to utilizing Proximie’s augmented reality platform to direct task performance, to gauge its feasibility by this unique cohort.