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Retrieving suitable information to a user's information request is a crucial task of search engines. However, most of conventional search engines that are based on pattern matching schemes tend to provide too many improper results, most of which are not corresponding to a user's request. It is due to the uncertainty o f queries. To overcome this problem, we distinguished two different patterns after extensive investigation about the process of q uery formation. One is the general information seeking pattern and the other is the scholastic information retrieving pattern. The general infor mation seeking pattern has a tendency to correspond to cross- relational query formation process pattern, and the scholastic informatio n retrieving pattern corresponds to goal-oriented structured query pattern. This paper proposes a method to improve search results by utilizing these two query formation patterns. The study on the formation of general cross-relational queries, and goal-oriented str uctured query pattern by which comparing or modeling will improve the efficiency of navigation. These proposals will benefit not only sear ch engine developers and library managers, but also search engine users and researchers. This paper is expected to provide more suitable searching results than those obtained by using current typical information retrieval engines.

In this paper, we propose an e-Learning system that can accomplish the following two goals; personalization and interactivity. First of all, the system support personalized learning envir onment and allows learners to participate in their learning. This system can register and inquire for courses using personalized functio n and provide statistics on progress rate, by contents and learning type. Useful statistics and link registration can be retrieved in real time. Sec ond, the system implements real-time interactive video contents that are usable both teachers-learners and learners-learne rs in video lectures. These new bidirectional learning components are suitable for maximizing the learning effects. These interactive video conte nts are compatible with standard web-based learning system and maintain the information consistency. We accomplished this by expanding the standard for the sharable content object reference model (SCORM) currently used in building the learning management system (LMS) and the learning content management system (LCMS). This new components can be easily fit into the existing system. Mor eover in video-lectures, this system can attach various functions in real-time that learners can make a true interactive learning en vironment.

Mixed reality (MR) systems provide an immersive virtual environment where the gap between real and virtual world is minimal. Current MR applications use fixed display to create this environment. However, the environment is never fixed in real world and it is difficult to achieve this non-static environment using traditional MR frameworks. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient multi-display MR system is proposed. The proposed system uses moveable displays to create dynamically changing immersive virtual environment. An agent-mediator based framework is used for communication in which a mediator is connected to several agents. Mediator administers the position of display and synchronizes the view across all agents. Agents gather interaction data from user which is passed to mediator. Moreover, distributed graphic contents rendering technique is used to efficiently render complex graphical contents. In this technique, mediator divides the contents and transmits these to each agent. This division of contents optimises the rendering process on agents, thus increasing the efficiency of the MR system.

The routing misbehavior is one of the most serious threats to wireless ad hoc networks where nodes are not forwarding messages correctly. Once the attack has been launched, nodes in the network are not able to send messages anymore. Thus it could be a kind of DoS (denial of service) attack. So far, in order to detect the attack, most researches employ a watchdog method although it is not efficient and has a high false positive ratio. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect the attacks based on routing misbehavior. It can detect attacks in a more effective way as well as solve problems in existing watchdog. In the proposed method a node in the network cooperates with its neighbor nodes to collect statistics on packets. According to the statistical information, the method determines each nodes misbehavior. The simulation results shows that the proposed method is practical and effective to apply to real domain.

In this paper we propose Personal Information Management System for Library Database. It manages personal search pattern for the given user and provide specific book list for library book search system. With the proposed system, the conventional overlap searching time will be decreased with personalized information and search history. This system manages the individual data according to personal searching pattern, sequence and usability. Therefore, the user can locate necessary book information more accurately with their distinct interest and search history.

Summary: ReMark is a fully automatic tool for clustering orthologs by combining a Recursive and a Markov clustering (MCL) algorithms. The ReMark detects and recursively clusters ortholog pairs through reciprocal BLAST best hits between multiple genomes running software program (RecursiveClustering.java) in the first step. Then, it employs MCL algorithm to compute the clusters (score matrices generated from the previous step) and refines the clusters by adjusting an inflation factor running software program (MarkovClustering.java). This method has two key features. One utilizes, to get more reliable results, the diagonal scores in the matrix of the initial ortholog clusters. Another clusters orthologs flexibly through being controlled naturally by MCL with a selected inflation factor. Users can therefore select the fitting state of orthologous protein clusters by regulating the inflation factor according to their research interests. Availability and Implementation: Source code for the orthologous protein clustering software is freely available for non-commercial use at http://dasan.sejong.ac.kr/~wikim/notice.html, implemented in Java 1.6 and supported on Windows and Linux. Contact: wikim@sejong.ac.kr; sskim04@hotmail.com

Since most existing LMS/ LCMS have a limitation in providing various interactive elements of video contents, it lacks real-time mode and interactivity between teacher-learner and learner-learner. It is also difficult in measuring the accurate progress rate of learners in the process of teaching-learning. In this paper, we proposed a contents link technology for real-time interaction by adding various functions to videos in order to overcome limitations in e-Learning. We implemented a platform for video contents operation using the proposed method. It will overcome the existing problems and maximize the effect of e-Learning.

e-Learning 2.0, which is based on Web 2.0 technology characterized by users’ participation, sharing, and social networking, is being changed to a new e-Learning paradigm. Existing LMS/LCMS have limitations in providing various types of interactive components of video contents. It lacks real-timeness and interactivity between teachers-learners and learners-learners in video contents operation. Thus, in order to overcome such limitations of e-Learning and to maximize learning effects, this study proposes a system emphasizing the characteristic (interactivity) of e-Learning 2.0 by implementing real-time interactive video contents (bidirectional learning components) usable in online video lectures. For this purpose, we design a standard by expanding the SCORM standard used currently in building LMS/LCMS, and implement e-Learning 2.0 environment based on the design.

As Internet expands, many enterprise systems require managing security policies in a distributed environment in order to complement any authorization framework. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) allows the system to represent security policy properly in a heterogeneous, distributed environment. In access control model, the security problem exists not only on subject but also on object side too. Moreover, when the system is expanded to ubiquitous computing environment, there are more privacy invasion problems than current Internet services. Proper representation of relationship in access control mechanism can be a solution for privacy invasion problem. In this paper, we develop XML Document Type Definition (DTD) and XML schema for representing the schema of the relationship-based access control model. This model supports object privacy since it introduces a new constraint called relationship between subject and object. It supports more constraints on object’s policy than current Role-based Access Control Model (RBAC) does.

Though popularity and improvement of Internet with the explosive proliferation of multimedia contents bring us the era of digital information, the unexpected popularity of the Internet brings us its own dark side. Everyday young children are exposed to images that should not be delivered to them. In this paper, we propose an adult image rating system that properly classifies an image into one of multiple classes such as swimming suit, topless, all nude, sex image, and normal. The simulation results show that the proposed system successfully rates images into multiple classes with the rate of over 70%.

Utilizing Virtual Reality technologies for virtual museum brings new ways of interactive presentation of the contents. In addition to interactivity, personalization is an important emerging issue in digital content management especially with virtual reality. For the virtual museum or gallery, selection and presentation of personalized content will improve user experience in navigating through huge collections like Musee du Louvre or British Museum. In this paper, we present a personalization method of massive multimedia content in virtual galleries. The proposed method is targeted for the pictures that could be characterized by its large amount of source in galleries. The method is based on classified image features which are extracted using standard MPEG-7 visual descriptors. Using Neural Networks, the best matching pictures are selected and presented in the virtual gallery by choosing similar styles from the extracted preference features. The simulation results show that the proposed system successfully classifies images into correct classes with the rate of over 75% depending on the employed features. We employ the result into a virtual gallery application which gives opportunities of automatically personalized gallery browsing.

Ubiquitous computing is characterized by freedom of movement in both time and location, which means users expect to receive services anytime and anywhere. Therefore, the security service should consider the factor of location and time. As a basic authorization service mechanism, RBAC has been used in the security community for access control model. In order to apply RBAC to ubiquitous computing environment, it is necessary to add both location and time dimension. In this paper, we propose new access control model supporting time and location dimensions. The proposed access control model can effectively support various ubiquitous computing environments.

With the appearance of a number of e-mail worms in recent years, we urgently need a solution to detect unknown e-mail worms rather than using the traditional solution: signature-based scanning which does not deal with the new e-mail worms well. Our collected data shows that the quantitative trend of e-mail worms is really exploding. In this paper, we propose an e-mail worm Detection System that is based on analysis on human and worm behavior for detecting unknown e-mail worms. Message data such as e-mail or short messages are the result of human behavior. The proposed system detects unknown worms by assessment of behavior in communication because human behavior and worm behavior have different projection on data.

As the Internet became popular, the volume of digital multimedia data is exponentially increased in all aspects of our life This drastic increment in multimedia data causes unwelcome deliveries of adult image contents to the Internet Consequently, a large number of children are wide-open to these harmful contents In this paper, we propose an efficient classification system that can categorize the images into multiple classes such as swimming suit, topless, nude, sexual act, and normal The experiment shows that this system achieved more than 80% of the success rate Thus, the proposed system can be used as a framework for web contents rating systems.

Digital multimedia data is dramatically being increased everyday since the Internet became popular. This increment in multimedia data increases adult image contents to the Internet as well. Consequently, a large number of children are exposed to these X-rated contents. In this paper, we propose an efficient classification system that can categorize input images into adult or non-adult images. The simulation shows that this system achieved 95% of the true rate whereas it reduces the false positive rate below 3%.

Today the Web becomes an essential part of everyday life. In company, school, or public office, people are hooked on computers to connect to the Web. On the other hand, we begin to encounter with web security problems, such as unauthorized access. The access control method such as role-based access control (RBAC) is widely used solution to cope with these problems. In this model, the service provider differentiates services and resources according to the user’s attributes such as membership class or job position. Consequently, as the size of the organization increases, users’ membership classes and job positions are more complicated, resulting in complex role hierarchy. It is difficult that a centralized role server manages the large and complex role hierarchy. In this paper, we propose a distributed role hierarchy that can manage the role hierarchy effectively and practically to ensure web security. The proposed system employs logically global role hierarchy and physically local role hierarchy. It is managed by distributed role hierarchy modules.

As resource sharing is common practice in distributed and wireless network, authentication and authorization become important issue in the security field. Many access control mechanisms including Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) are widely used for authorization. The common use of the wireless network imposes not only existing problems such as secure system management but also new problems such as limited storage and transaction size. In this paper, we propose an access control method that solves these problems for wireless environment. The proposed system uses bit pattern to represent access control information hence reduces transaction size and enhances security level. This system employs neural networks instead of access control tables, which reduces storages for role-permission tables and extra mutual exclusive data tables.

In the recent Web environment, the key issue is not who can use the resource, but how to control the usage of resources. Usage control (UCON) is a consolidate solution for this problem. UCON can be applied to solve existing authorization problems and support finer-grained control than any other methods. However, there are many situations in e-business and information systems in which the user consent is needed. For example, a contents provider should obtain the consent of the originator in order to modify digital contents. With this trend, the consent is suggested as a new issue that can establish trust in e-business. Unfortunately, the current UCON model does not support user consent. In this paper, we propose a novel method to control user consent in UCON model. We modify the authorization model of the UCON model to support consent handling and discuss the administration of proposed model. The proposed method extends the coverage of UCON model in security area. It also provides a solution for trust relationships on e-Business and individual privacy protection.

Grid is developed to accomplish large and complex computation by gathering distributed computing resources. Grid employs information service to manage and provide these collected resources. The accurate information on resource provider is essential to stable service. In Grid information service, GRIS and GIIS are used to gather and maintain the resource information. These two directory servers store resource information in a cache only for a fixed period to improve fast response and accurate access. Since resource information search is performed in the cache, the system performance depends on the search time in a cache. In this paper, we propose a novel cache management system based on the resource priority. Priority of resource is determined by the frequency of resource usage, and the number of available resources in GRIS. The simulated priority driven schemes provide more accurate information and faster response to a client than the existing cache update scheme of information service.

Recent popularity of hand-held devices and pervasiveness of e-commerce have increased web accesses through mobile devices. However, due to the limited screen size, users have to scroll a lot to locate what they want. Even worse, network connections are usually too slow to support most of the data-intensive applications. Therefore, an efficient scheme for navigating web contents through these devices should be addressed in this arena. In this paper, we propose a web agent system, ASPerson that enables users to browse ordinary web pages efficiently even on the small screen mobile devices. It extracts any specific sections of interest from web pages and reorganizes them based on user preference for convenient browsing.

Since the first computer virus has been found, scanning detection has been used as a primarily method in virus detection systems. As computer viruses and worms become more complex and sophisticated, the scanning detection method is no longer able to detect various forms of viruses and worms effectively. Many anti-virus researchers proposed various detection methods including artificial immune system to cope with these characteristics of viruses and worms. This paper discusses some principle of artificial immune system and proposes artificial immune based virus detection system that can detect unknown viruses.

There have been many researches in Computer Science that their fundamental ideas were based on Biology. Genetic algorithm and neural network are best-known paradigms in this category. Recently, many ideas from immune system have been used in detecting computer virus and worm. Since the first computer virus has been found, scanning detection has been used as a primarily method in virus detection systems. As computer viruses and worms become more complex and sophisticated, the scanning detection method is no longer able to detect various forms of viruses and worms effectively. Many anti-virus researchers proposed various detection methods including artificial immune system to cope with these characteristics of computer viruses and worms. This paper discusses the principle of artificial immune system and proposes artificial immune based virus detection system that can detect unknown viruses.

There are various techniques to safeguard computer systems and networks against illegal actions. Secure OS based on Role Based Access Control (RBAC) is one of the systems that reflect these techniques. The RBAC system controls access to system resources based on roles. Recently, many systems employ more fine-grained access control on system resources to enhance system security. However, this approach in access control level may cause unexpected problems, since most systems acquire system resources through system call that is hooked on kernel. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The proposed Autonomic Protection System (APS) supports fine-grained intrusion detection. It resides above Secure OS based on RBAC that provides general-grained access control. The system detects intrusions using security policy based on RBAC model. The system performs double checking for intrusions using positive and negative intrusion detection policy. Additionally, as one of active responses, the system supports the self-adaptation of security policy depending on various computing environments. Therefore, the system can detect intrusions more accurately and respond to the attacks actively and appropriately.

In this paper, a novel method for intrusion detection is presented. The presented method uses a clustering method based on the transformed features, which can enhance the effectiveness of the clustering. Clustering is used in anomaly detection systems to separate attack and normal samples. In general, separating attack and normal samples in the original input space is not an easy task. For better separation of the samples, a transformation that maps input data into a different feature space should be performed. In this paper, we propose a novel method for obtaining proper transformation function that reflects the characteristics of the given domain. The transformation function is obtained from the hidden layer of the trained three-layer neural network. Experiments over network connection records from KDD CUP 1999 data set are used to evaluate the proposed method. The result of the experiment clearly shows the outstanding performance of the proposed method.

The recent trend of access control on the Web-related resource is that the service provider differentiates services according to the user’s attributes such as membership class or job position. For proper and simple representation of the relationships between user’s attributes and permission, role-base access control is used on the Web. As the size of the organization increases, does the number of membership classes or job positions. Naturally, the role hierarchy becomes too complicated to administrate properly. The lack of proper role administration makes the system vulnerable in access control. Moreover, the web services are distributed and categorized by the type of service. It is difficult that a centralized server controls the distribute environment properly. In this paper, we propose a distributed role hierarchy module that can manage the role hierarchy effectively and practically. The proposed system employs the distributed local role hierarchy, and the combination of them represents a logical global role structure. Distributed role hierarchy modules manage local role hierarchy that is related to each of them.

Today the fastest growing communities of web users are mobile visitors who browse web pages using wireless PDAs and cellular phones. However, most web pages are optimized exclusively for desktop clients on the broadband network and are inconvenient to users with small screen mobile devices. They display only a few lines of text and cannot run client-side programs or scripts due to lack of system resources. Even worse, their connections are usually too slow to support most of the data-intensive applications. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a newslet scheme that makes it feasible to browse ordinary news web pages on small screen mobile devices. It first extracts news sections of user preference from news web pages and then automatically reorganizes them for convenient browsing on the mobile devices.

Recently the main trend in providing software services has been shifting from an ASP (application service provider)-oriented to a SaaS (software as a service). ASP is a software service model in which the service is provided on a one by one basis according its ownership, while SaaS is a software service model in which the service is provided virtually on a one by one basis, but physically all at once. In a SaaS environment, all users can access the system via Internet without any software installation—examples include Google and Amazon. Now, more companies are shifting their business software service from ASP to SaaS. However effecting the transition of the existing software and data from ASP to SaaS is not an easy task. First, we have to solve the problem of the integration of data for different forms of software, because each data set consists of different data types. Second, the software integration must support a user customizing interface for various users on the Web. Almost all users want customized services, but those require high costs. In this paper we propose a novel method for transferring the existing business software to integrated software that can be used in the SaaS environment. We use a master table and master code to implement the integrated system. The master table is based on the project master table, and other user information tables are connected to collect the necessary information. All information about the project is stored in each column of the project master table. The master table can integrate various software databases. By using this novel methodology, the existing ASP-based software and data can be effectively transferred to the SaaS environment.