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Distributed multimedia surveillance systems utilize heterogeneous sensors such as cameras, motion sensors, sound sensors, and RFID in order to provide safety and security to people. However, due to the potential of exposing privacy by these systems, many people are reluctant to be electronically monitored and suffer from privacy loss. In order to overcome this dilemma, the current surveillance systems should adopt improved privacy preservation (i.e. hiding people's face) mechanism while they are used for typical surveillance tasks. This paper takes a holistic approach to identify the different privacy leakage channels in the distributed video surveillance context and proposes the design of a secure privacy vault to conceal privacy-sensitive data obtained from distributed visual sensors. It also shows how the proposed solution helps to mitigate the potential privacy leakage problems at different levels of the leakage channels. In order to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach, we further provide the privacy leakage attack model as well as the security analysis of the proposed solution. Identification of privacy leakage channels by means of privacy leakage trees.A secure privacy vault design for distributed surveillance system.Robust against different security and privacy attacks.Different attack models (White-box, Gray-box, or Black-box) have been considered.

Quality of service (QoS)-adaptive service configuration is crucial for seamless access to video services in cloud-assisted video surveillance systems. To maintain seamless access to video on a user's preferred device, suitable video transcoding services are needed. It is a challenging task to choose and configure these services for various devices to ensure QoS-adaptive user experiences. To configure these services for the desired user devices, a suitable configuration algorithm is needed. Therefore, this paper describes a QoS-adaptive service configuration approach to choose the optimal configuration for the preferred user devices in varied contexts so that the user can access the services ubiquitously. We implemented a cloud-assisted video surveillance prototype to show how the proposed method can handle ubiquitous access to target video for possible QoS-adaptive and video processing requirements in terms of bandwidth, delay, and frame rates. The results show that the proposed configuration method outperforms the other comparable approaches.

Annotation facility on slides from both students and educators are explored.Live broadcast of a lecture to multi-class is realized by real time mixture.Students are highly in favor of annotation facility.High internet speed is required for live broadcast using real time mixture. The availability of 3G and 4G technologies coupled with tablet PCs and smart phones makes the communication and learning system easier. In engineering education, these sophisticated technologies can bring immense advantages to the methods of delivering and acquiring knowledge. In this paper, we focus on facilities of a smart class environment for engineering education that can improve the co-learning procedure. We particularly emphasize the use of 3G and 4G technology in a smart class.

In 2009, Xu et al. presented an improved smartcard based authentication scheme while using a security model previously applied by Bellare et al. to prove the security of their authentication methods. Later on, in 2012, Wu et al. pointed out number of authentication attacks in Xu et al. scheme. To address these issues, Wu et al. presented a Smartcard based Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) scheme for Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) facility. In this study, we prove that authentication scheme of Wu et al. is still vulnerable to impersonation attack, offline password guessing attack, forgery attack and many other attacks. Moreover, number of performance and verification issues are also outlined in the authentication scheme of Wu et al. To overcome these issues, an improved and enhanced 3FA Smartphone based authentication method is proposed on a Cloud Computing environment. The proposed scheme is further corroborated using Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic (BAN logic) nonce verification. The detailed BAN logic verification and further security analysis shows that the proposed authentication protocol is highly reliable and secure in terms of message verifications, message freshness and trustworthiness of its origin. Moreover, the comparative security, performance and feature analysis shows that the proposed work yields an even more improved and enhanced authentication framework as compared to Wu et al. authentication scheme.

The Web has become a tremendously huge data source hidden under linked documents. A significant number of Web documents include HTML tables generated dynamically from relational databases. Often, there is no direct public access to the databases themselves. On the other hand, RDF (Resource Description Framework) gives an efficient mechanism to represent directly data on the Web based on a Web-scalable architecture for identification and interpretation of terms. This leads to the concept of Linked Data on the Web. To allow direct access to data on the Web as Linked Data, we propose in this paper an approach to transform HTML tables into RDF triples. It consists of three main phases: refining, pre-treatment and mapping. The whole process is assisted by a domain ontology and the WordNet lexical database. A tool called Htab2RDF has been implemented. Experiments have been carried out to evaluate and show efficiency of the proposed approach.

Today digital video is used extensively in many applications. Sometimes a video could be treated as a top secret for an organization, for example military secrets, surveillance footage and corporate product designs, and may need to be shared among a group of people in a secure manner. Traditional data security methods such as encryption techniques are prone to single-point attack, i.e. the secret can be revealed by obtaining the decryption key from any single person. Alternatively, the secret sharing scheme provides collective control over the secrecy of information and is considered information theoretically secure. In this paper, we propose to adopt a secret sharing based approach to provide collective control over a given sensitive video. We present three methods that utilize the spatial and temporal redundancy in videos in different ways. We analyze the security of these methods and compare them for efficiency in terms of computation time and space using extensive experimentation.

Intrusion detection is very serious issue in these days because the prevention of intrusions depends on detection. Therefore, accurate detection of intrusion is very essential to secure information in computer and network systems of any organization such as private, public, and government. Several intrusion detection approaches are available but the main problem is their performance, which can be enhanced by increasing the detection rates and reducing false positives. This issue of the existing techniques is the focus of research in this paper. The poor performance of such techniques is due to raw dataset which confuse the classifier and results inaccurate detection due to redundant features. The recent approaches used principal component analysis (PCA) for feature subset selection which is based on highest eigenvalues, but the features corresponding to the highest eigenvalues may not have the optimal sensitivity for the classifier due to ignoring many sensitive features. Instead of using traditional approach of selecting features with the highest eigenvalues such as PCA, this research applied a genetic algorithm to search the genetic principal components that offers a subset of features with optimal sensitivity and the highest discriminatory power. The support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification purpose. This research work used the knowledge discovery and data mining cup dataset for experimentation. The performance of this approach was analyzed and compared with existing approaches. The results show that proposed method enhances SVM performance in intrusion detection that outperforms the existing approaches and has the capability to minimize the number of features and maximize the detection rates.

Design and implementation of an effective surveillance system is a challenging task. In practice, a large number of CCTV cameras are installed to prevent illegal and unacceptable activities where a human operator observes different camera views and identifies various alarming cases. But reliance on the human operator for real-time response can be expensive as he may be unable to pay full attention to all camera views at the same time. Moreover, the complexity of a situation may not be easily perceivable by the operator for which he might require additional support in response to an adverse situation. In this paper, we present a Decision Support Engine (DSE) to select and schedule most appropriate camera views that can help the operator to take an informed decision. For this purpose, we devise a utility based approach where the utility value changes based on automatically detected events in different surveillance zones, event co-relation, and operator's feedback. In addition to the selected camera views, we propose to synthetically embed extra information around the camera views such as event summary and suggested action plan to globally perceive the current situation. The experimental results show the usefulness of the proposed decision support system.

Ambient-aware environments are technologically augmented with myriad sensors, devices and other emerging services in order to support users. However, users find it complex in interacting with such environments due to the presence of numerous devices and services. In this situation, providing context-aware implicit or automatic interaction support may help reducing the cognitive load of the users and facilitate easy access of the available devices and services. However, due to the imprecision in context information, implicit interactions performed by the environment often leads to mis-automation. The result of such impaired implicitness causes distrust and dissatisfaction to the user. In order to address this issue, we propose a system that considers quality of information to dynamically adjust the level of implicit interaction and allows a system to operate in different modes such as full-automation, action suggestion, simple notification, or null action. We conduct experiment in a smart home scenario in order to elicit users' acceptance and trust regarding the proposed system. Our experiment shows that dynamic and alternative mode of interaction not only increases the satisfaction of users but also helps to avoid distrust in automated actions carried out by the environment under varying contexts.

Most of current intrusion detection systems are based on machine learning methods but very few till now use clustering algorithms as a preprocessing layer to reduce the high dimensionality of data, which is difficult to analyze. In this paper we introduce Modular Neural Network for intrusion detection, which apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as preprocessing layer for reducing huge information quantity presented in knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD99) data set. PCA significantly reduce the high dimensionality of data set without loss of information. Then this preprocess data in the form of principal component is presented to Batch Backpropagation Neural Network for efficient intrusion detection. We rely on some experiments to calculate Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) using Modular Neural Network on KDD 99 data set. Our experimental results show improvement in the learning time due to the reduction of high dimensions of data. Also we have obtained low RMSE during training, which is below the acceptance range of 0.1. Proposed Modular Neural Network has capability to efficiently and accurately classify data into attack and normal.

Intrusion detection is an important technique in computer and network security. A variety of intrusion detection approaches be present to resolve this severe issue but the main problem is performance. It is important to increase the detection rates and reduce false alarm rates in the area of intrusion detection. Therefore, in this research, an optimized intrusion detection mechanism using soft computing techniques is proposed to overcome performance issues. The KDD-cup dataset is used that is a benchmark for evaluating the security detection mechanisms. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to transform the input samples into a new feature space. The selecting of an appropriate number of principal components is a critical problem. So, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used in the optimum selection of principal components instead of using traditional method. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for classification purpose. The performance of this approach is addresses. Further, a comparative analysis is made with existing approaches. Consequently, this method provides optimal intrusion detection mechanism which is capable to minimize amount of features and maximize the detection rates.

Problem statement: The Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Systems provided situational awareness about operational environment and supported in decision making and directed to operative environment. These systems had been used by various agencies like defense, police, investigation, road, rail, airports, oil and gas related department. However, the increase use of C4I system had made it more important and attractive. Consequently interest in design and development of C4I system had increased among the researchers. Many defense industry frameworks were available but the problem was a suitable selection of a framework in design and development of C4I system. Approach: This study described the concepts, tool and methodology being used for evaluation analysis of different frameworks by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results: We had compared different defense industry frameworks like Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF), Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework (MODAF) and NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) and found that AHP is fairly good tool in terms of analysis. Conclusion: Different defense industry frameworks such as DODAF, MODAF and NAF had been evaluated and compared using AHP.

This paper elaborates on the evaluation stage of an empirical process whose purpose is to evaluate and select a best-of-breed AWEM, Automated Web Engineering Methodology environment. The process is basically comprised of four major stages, namely: characteristics identification, screening of available AWEM environments, evaluation, and selection.During the evaluation stage, an “evaluation scheme”, which serves specific web application domains reflecting the organization's perspective towards the AWEM environment, is created. The idea is to make the evaluation process more user-centric. The actual evaluation is then conducted based on the results gained through the development of real pilot projects.The paper contributes to the current research in web engineering area by proposing an evaluation mechanism through the introduction of a so-called “evaluation scheme”, a sub-set of predefined essential criteria. Another major contribution is the introduction of an evaluation algorithm for weighing and rating various characteristics and alternatives that will eventually assist in making a final decision. Both, the process and the algorithm, were fully automated and evaluated on real world cases using the AWEM-ESS, which is an evaluation and selection system built specifically for this purpose.

Cognitive radio (CR) networks are becoming an increasingly important part of the wireless networking landscape due to the ever-increasing scarcity of spectrum resources throughout the world. Nowadays CR media is becoming popular wireless communication media for disaster recovery communication network. Although the operational aspects of CR are being explored vigorously, its security aspects have gained less attention to the research community. The existing research on CR network mainly focuses on the spectrum sensing and allocation, energy efficiency, high throughput, end-to-end delay and other aspect of the network technology. But, very few focuses on the security aspect and almost none focus on the secure anonymous communication in CR networks (CRNs). In this research article we would focus on secure anonymous communication in CR ad hoc networks (CRANs). We would propose a secure anonymous routing for CRANs based on pairing based cryptography which would provide source node, destination node and the location anonymity. Furthermore, the proposed research would protect different attacks those are feasible on CRANs.

Browsing web through smartphone browsers is gaining popularity due to the convenience and availability of infrastructure at almost all places. On the other hand the capabilities of smartphone browsers are also improved to a great extent and many browsers are available to users. One can perform almost all of his information seeking and web related tasks through smartphone browser. Many web sites are customized for the smartphone browsers. This research work is deemed to identify the frequently used smartphone browser features. Mixed methods of research are employed in this study. Qualitative method i.e. interview is used to collect the data from the smartphone users to lay down the basis for quantitative phase i.e. survey. Features are categorized into different categories and two groups i.e. basic, and advanced features. Results show that features related to tabs, view and download are the frequently used by users. The results are equally help for practitioners and researchers to work on the improvement of browser's usability.

C4I (command, control, communication, computer and intelligence) are complex information systems designed to achieve mission objectives through better situational awareness and information superiority. C4I systems are system of systems (SOS), SOS comprised of independent constituent systems that interoperate with other systems to achieve specific mission objectives. In this paper we propose a framework for the interoperability of C4I Systems that covers key issues and challenges related to interoperability of heterogeneous C4I systems such as complexity, criticality and Information Exchanges Requirements (IER). The frameworks make use of department of defense architecture framework (DOAF) to describe data exchange requirements, source adapters, message translation, routing and destination adapters.

C4I (Command, Control, Communication, Computer and Intelligence) systems are critical systems of systems. These systems are used in military, emergency response, and in disaster management etc. Due to the sensitive nature of domains and applications of these systems, quality could never be compromised. C4I systems are resource demanding system, their expansion or up gradation for the sake of improvement require additional computational resources. Cloud computing provides a solution for the convenient access and scaling of resources. Recently, it is envisioned by the researchers to deploy C4I systems using cloud computing resources. However, there are many issues in such deployment and security being at the top, is focus of many researchers. In this research, security requirements and concerns of cloud based C4I systems are highlighted. Different aspects of cloud computing and C4I systems are discussed from the security point of view. This research will be helpful for both academia and industry to further strengthen the basis of cloud based C4I systems.

The Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) provides a set of different medical services to the patient and medical practitioner. The patients and medical practitioners can easily connect to the services remotely from their own premises. There are several studies carried out to enhance and authenticate smartcard-based remote user authentication protocols for TMIS system. In this article, we propose a set of enhanced and authentic Three Factor (3FA) remote user authentication protocols utilizing a smartphone capability over a dynamic Cloud Computing (CC) environment. A user can access the TMIS services presented in the form of CC services using his smart device e.g. smartphone. Our framework transforms a smartphone to act as a unique and only identity required to access the TMIS system remotely. Methods, Protocols and Authentication techniques are proposed followed by security analysis and a performance analysis with the two recent authentication protocols proposed for the healthcare TMIS system.

This paper presents a computer game which consists of multiple tiles at three different levels. When users click on each tile, it flips or un-flips. Each tile, upon flipping, reveals a different patterns e.g. audio, image or text. The system matches those patterns. If two flipped tiles have same pattern, they disappear otherwise they un-flip. This research work 1) examines the effects of audio, visual and text patterns on sighted, deaf, and blind users 2) analyzes the working of human's memory depending upon the appearance of audio, visual and text patterns and 3) calculates the performance of each user based on the number of previous interactions made with the game. The total number of clicks and the time taken to finish the game was recorded. The results of the four experiments indicate that different types of users behave differently when presented with specific type of information (audio, visual and text).

Resource allocation play an important role in service composition for cloud-based video surveillance platform. In this platform, the utilization of computational resources is managed through accessing various services from Virtual Machine (VM) resources. A single service accessed from VMs running inside such a cloud platform may not cater the application demands of all surveillance users. Services require to be modeled as a value added composite service. In order to provide such a composite service to the customer, VM resources need to be utilized optimally so that QoS requirements is fulfilled. In order to optimize the VM resource allocation, we have used linear programming approach as well as heuristics. The simulation results show that our approach outperforms the existing VM allocation schemes in a cloud-based video surveillance environment, in terms of cost and response time.

Smart surveillance systems have dramatically evolved over the recent years due to the availability of affordable sensing technologies, media processing discoveries and advanced networking capabilities. In third generation of surveillance systems, the distribution of surveillance capabilities over different sites has extremely boosted the complexity of such systems. As a result, managing alerts and responses that serve as a building block for collaboration among different parties has become very challenging in distributed surveillance system setting. The aim of this research is to propose an effective mechanism for establishing a strong collaboration among distributed smart surveillance systems regardless of the heterogeneity of their platforms. The proposed mechanism is demonstrated in the form of a generic Enterprise Architecture that utilizes DoDAF 2.0 to represent the development of Architectural Descriptions for supporting an accurate and complete integration and interaction among distributed smart surveillance systems. The development of Architectural Descriptions proposed in this research will facilitate an appropriate management of alerts and responses for improved situation awareness.

Command control, communication, computer and intelligence (C4I) systems are the back bone complex information and communication systems for modern information warfare (IW). Managing security in C4I systems is a challenge due to complexity and criticality of these systems. This paper elaborates design methodology to incorporate security in the C4I systems in systematic and consistent way instead of patching and random approach. The approach in this work exploits the opportunity provided by architecture frameworks (AF) to capture threats and devise security measures. Assurance cases have been used to model security of the C4I system in order to enhance the process of security design and overcome challenges. Key words: C4I systems, information security, Department of Defense Architecture Framework, assurance cases, interoperability.

Road accidents and traffic jams are common problems being the target of a lot of research works to be resolved in current traffic system. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is commonly part of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) which is directly involved in handling these problems and aims to make journey on road comfortable. In this paper, vehicular SMS system (VSS) is proposed based on cellular network to provide VANET services to users through SMS system. It has the potential of being more cost effective solution as compared to VANET but needs further research to resolve its trust and privacy issues.

Command Control, Communication Computer and Intelligence (C4I) systems enables modern military forces to achieve information superiority in the battlefield. C4I are complex System of systems (SOS) where individual systems interact locally to achieve global SOS behaviors. To build software for C4I systems conventional software engineering SwE process and practices have shortcomings and are not capable to support certain aspect of these systems. If C4I systems fail to operate as required due to the fact that SwE process was unable to fulfill its requirements, the consequences may not be tolerated because of the criticality of the mission of these systems in information warfare (IW). This paper highlights the distinguished characteristics and operational requirements of C4I systems which poses challenges to SwE process and practices. This paper also discuss the possible future research areas in order to enhance SwE process so that better software could drive these complex systems as required.

Intrusion detection using artificial neural networks is an ongoing area and thus interest in this field has increased among the researchers. Therefore, in this paper we present a system for tackling User to Root (U2R) attacks using generalized feedforward neural network. A backpropagation algorithm is used for training and testing purpose. The system uses sampled data from Kddcup99 dataset, an attack database that is a standard for evaluating the security detection mechanisms. The system is implemented in two phases such as training phase and testing phase. The developed system is applied to different U2R attacks to test its performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that this approach is more precise and accurate in case of false positive, false negative and detection rate.

A Service Bus is a distributed infrastructure used for enterprise integration. It resolves the problem of connecting heterogeneous C4I systems among various defense forces. The current work focuses on describing a detailed comparative analysis of three SOA service buses; Mule, Fuse and GlassFish for C4I systems using Multi-criteria Decision Making Technique (MCDM). In this paper, the phenomenon of selecting the best alternative is based on two criteria; main criteria and sub-criteria. The presented results may be used for integrating different C4I systems and can further assist enterprises in selecting a service bus in an optimized way.

At present age, security in computer and network systems is a pressing concern because a solo attack may cause an immense destruction in computer and network systems. Various intrusion detection approaches be present to resolve this serious issue but the dilemma is which one is more appropriate in the field of intrusion. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluated and compared different neural network (NN) approaches to intrusion detection. This work describes the concepts, tool and methodology being used for assay of different NN intrusion detection approaches using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Further, conclusion on results is made and direction for future works is presented. The outcome of this work may help and guide the security implementers in two possible ways, either by using the results directly obtained in this paper or by extracting the results using similar mechanism but on different intrusion detection systems or approaches.

Ever since the inception of the idea of collaborating the enterprise systems, the need of an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) has been a relentless need of the market, the bigger the systems get after collaboration the failures of the ESB's was inevitable. Things moved to more gravity when the bulkiest of the systems like Defense architectures came into picture, with the advent of this not of the efficiency but also the factors like stability, reliability, resource utilization were also of pivotal importance. This paper reviews a critical and comparative analysis of the current ESB's keeping in view the C4I System as a base, so as to ascertain which ESB fulfills the requirements of the system of systems. In comparison we try to analyze Mule ESB, GlassFish ESB and Fuse ESB with respect to interoperability. This study demonstrates that Mule is more feasible to C4I systems because it is simple, easy to integrate, no adopter requirement and flexible.

The increase usage of C4I systems in defense and civil era had made it more imperative and attractive. Therefore, we can witness that the researchers, analysts, designers and developers had taken much interest in C4I systems. This paper describes a comparative analysis of defense industry frameworks such as DODAF, MODAF, NAF and UPDM. These frameworks had used in design and development process of defense information systems for instance, C4I systems. In this work, we used multi criteria software for comparative analysis of different defense industry frameworks. Further, results obtained by experiments are discussed. This effort done in this paper may be utilized by the researchers in two different possible ways, either by using the results directly obtained in this paper or by extracting the results by similar approach but on different architecture frameworks (AFs) in the field of C4I Systems.

The purpose of this paper is to suggest security assured data communications architecture in net-centric defense systems based on DoDAF 2.0. This architecture provides a finite security precision of network communication within the defense network like C4I System. In this proposed network communication architecture where security is being prioritized, we propose three security mechanism levels, the authentication level, the Business Rules Repository level & Security Rules Repository level and available techniques facilitating the functionality of the levels. Security can be coerced at every stage of the data transit. By utilization of various data security measures available, each level will substantiate the security of the data in the communication chain from end to end.

C4I (command, control, communications, computer and intelligence) system is a complex system of systems that enables the military commander to achieve decision superiority by affecting adversary’s information and information based processes while protecting one‘s own information systems. Owing to the sensitivity of military information the security threats to C4I systems are real and growing therefore security is a major challenge in order to maintain integrity, confidentiality, availability and accountability. Different Models and architectures frameworks e.g. DODAF, CDSA have been proposed which decompose the detail structure of C4I systems however these models and frameworks do not provide mechanism to capture associated security risks and issues. Threat modeling is the process to understand different ways system can be attacked which helps towards secure system design and implement countermeasures. This paper suggests that using threat modeling could help to eradicate or reduce the effect of advancing threats to C4I systems. In this paper we also identify how security can be modeled in top down manner e.g. from architecture level to lower level of modeling so that countermeasures can be incorporated on system level rather than on bit by bit basis.

Information security is a serious issue especially in present age because a solo attack may cause a big harm in computer and network systems. Several intrusion detection approaches exist to tackle this critical issue but the problem is which one is more suitable in the field of intrusion. Further, these approaches are used in intrusion detection systems. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluated them so that a suitable approach may be advised to intrusion detection systems. This work describes the concepts, tool and methodology being used for evaluation analysis of different intrusion detection approaches using multi-criteria decision making technique. Moreover, conclusion on results is made and direction for future works is presented.

The duty of securing networks is very difficult due to their size, complexity, diversity and dynamic situation. Currently applying neural networks in intrusion detection is a robust approach to ensure security in the network system. Further, neural networks are alternatives to other approaches in the area of intrusion detection. The main objective of this research is to present an adaptive, flexible and optimize neural network architecture for intrusion detection system that provides the potential to identify network activity in a robust way. The results of this work give directions to enhance security applications such as Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), Adaptive Security Alliance (ASA), check points and firewalls and further guide to the security implementers.

The prevention of any type of cyber attack is indispensable because a single attack may break the security of computer and network systems. The hindrance of such attacks is entirely dependent on their detection. The detection is a major part of any security tool such as Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), Adaptive Security Alliance (ASA), check points and firewalls. Consequently, in this paper, we are contemplating the feasibility of an approach to probing attacks that are the basis of others attacks in computer network systems. Our approach adopts a supervised neural network phenomenon that is majorly used for detecting security attacks. The proposed system takes into account Multiple Layered Perceptron (MLP) architecture and resilient backpropagation for its training and testing. The system uses sampled data from Kddcup99 dataset, an attack database that is a standard for evaluating the security detection mechanisms. The developed system is applied to different probing attacks. Furthermore, its performance is compared to other neural networks' approaches and the results indicate that our approach is more precise and accurate in case of false positive, false negative and detection rate.

A solo attack may cause a big loss in computer and network systems, its prevention is, therefore, very inevitable. Precise detection is very important to prevent such losses. Such detection is a pivotal part of any security tools like intrusion detection system, intrusion prevention system, and firewalls etc. Therefore, an approach is provided in this paper to analyze denial of service attack by using a supervised neural network. The methodology used sampled data from Kddcup99 dataset, an attack database that is a standard for judgment of attack detection tools. The system uses multiple layered perceptron architecture and resilient backpropagation for its training and testing. The developed system is then applied to denial of service attacks. Moreover, its performance is also compared to other neural network approaches which results more accuracy and precision in detection rate.

In recent years, public displays (PDs) have become an increasingly significant mechanism of mass communication. So far, many of PDs do not provide a means of interaction acting only act as output devices that present information. On the other hand, smartphones have become increasingly popular due to their number of users, inherent properties and power. It has been argued that digital information is required for most meetings, whether formal or informal. With technological improvement and the growing of the ubiquity of both PDs and smartphones, streaming data between devices should be done smoothly in formal or informal meetings. While many possibilities exist for communication between such devices, file sharing in these scenarios is still restricted. These solutions also focus only on new mechanisms for interaction with PDs and ignore PDs’ primary function of displaying information. To solve this problem, we present a novel technique that allows users to transfer different types of files while preserving the security of these files. The technique will be particularly used to transfer files from smartphones to PDs in various kinds of meetings. The system combines both traditional uses of PDs (such as displaying announcements) and interactive ways of giving real-time presentations by uploading files, marking important parts of pages and writing notes. The findings imply that a majority of users are ready to use the system. Furthermore, the systems's performance evaluation results are very encouraging and reveal that the deployed tool is an effective method that can be a reasonable alternative to using projectors.

Given the varied benefits of using the simulation packages such as; cost efficiency, time, risk mitigation, greater insights and user friendliness of systems. It has been extensively used in many application domains such as defense, airports, manufacturing, engineering, and healthcare. Currently, due to the increasing numbers of simulation software packages available in the market, it is often challenging to choose a suitable package that meets users’ demands. Researchers have leveraged many assessment methods and techniques to facilitate the evaluation and selection process of the simulation packages. This paper provides a survey corroborated from researcher's contributions to simplify the selection process of simulation packages. Also, discerns the evaluation methods and techniques for simulation packages found in the literature.