15 results on '"Soulez, Gilles"'
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2. Rupture signs on computed tomography, treatment, and outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysms
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Vu, Kim-Nhien, Kaitoukov, Youri, Morin-Roy, Florence, Kauffmann, Claude, Giroux, Marie-France, Thérasse, Éric, Soulez, Gilles, and Tang, An
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- 2014
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3. In vivo coronary artery plaque assessment with computed tomography angiography: is there an impact of iterative reconstruction on plaque volume and attenuation metrics?
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Chen, Zhongyi, Boldeanu, Irina, Nepveu, Simon, Durand, Madeleine, Chin, Anne S., Kauffmann, Claude, Mansour, Samer, Soulez, Gilles, Tremblay, Cécile, and Chartrand-Lefebvre, Carl
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CORONARY disease ,ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaque ,COMPUTED tomography ,ANGIOGRAPHY ,ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics) ,ALGORITHMS ,ATHEROSCLEROSIS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DIGITAL image processing ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,CROSS-sectional method ,CORONARY angiography - Abstract
Background Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) allows the evaluation of coronary plaque volume and low attenuation (lipid-rich) component, for plaque vulnerability assessment. Purpose To determine the effect of iterative reconstruction (IR) on coronary plaque volume and composition. Material and Methods Consecutive patients without coronary artery disease were prospectively enrolled for 256-slice CT. Images were reconstructed with both filtered back projection (FBP) and a hybrid IR algorithm (iDose4, Philips) levels 1, 3, 5, and 7. Coronary plaques were assessed according to predefined Hounsfield unit (HU) attenuation intervals, for total plaque and HU-interval volumes. Results Fifty-three patients (mean age, 53.6 years) were included. Noise was significantly decreased and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) / contrast-to-noise (CNR) were both significantly improved at all IR levels in comparison to FBP. Plaque characterization was performed in 41 patients for a total of 125 plaques. Total plaque volume ranged from 104.4 ± 120.7 to 107.4 ± 128.9 mm3 and low attenuation plaque component from 40.5 ± 54.7 to 43.5 ± 58.9 mm3, with no statistically significant differences between all IR levels and FBP ( P = 0.786 and P ≥ 0.078, respectively). Conclusion IR improved image quality. Total and low attenuation plaque volumes were similar using either IR or FBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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4. New Alcohol and Onyx Mixture for Embolization: Feasibility and Proof of Concept in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Models.
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Saeed Kilani, Mohammad, Zehtabi, Fatemeh, Lerouge, Sophie, Soulez, Gilles, Bartoli, Jean, Vidal, Vincent, Badran, Mohammad, Bartoli, Jean Michel, and Badran, Mohammad F
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ANIMAL experimentation ,ANIMALS ,BIOLOGICAL models ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,COMPUTED tomography ,ETHANOL ,FLUOROSCOPY ,INJECTIONS ,METALS ,RENAL artery ,RHEOLOGY ,SWINE ,THERAPEUTIC embolization ,PILOT projects ,POLYSTYRENE ,IN vitro studies - Abstract
Introduction: Onyx and ethanol are well-known embolic and sclerotic agents that are frequently used in embolization. These agents present advantages and disadvantages regarding visibility, injection control and penetration depth. Mixing both products might yield a new product with different characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the injectability, radiopacity, and mechanical and occlusive properties of different mixtures of Onyx 18 and ethanol in vitro and in vivo (in a swine model).Materials and Methods: Various Onyx 18 and ethanol formulations were prepared and tested in vitro for their injectability, solidification rate and shrinkage, cohesion and occlusive properties. In vivo tests were performed using 3 swine. Ease of injection, radiopacity, cohesiveness and penetration were analyzed using fluoroscopy and high-resolution CT.Results: All mixtures were easy to inject through a microcatheter with no resistance or blockage in vitro and in vivo. The 50%-ethanol mixture showed delayed copolymerization with fragmentation and proximal occlusion. The 75%-ethanol mixture showed poor radiopacity in vivo and was not tested in vitro. The 25%-ethanol mixture showed good occlusive properties and accepted penetration and radiopacity.Conclusion: Mixing Onyx and ethanol is feasible. The mixture of 25% of ethanol and 75% of Onyx 18 could be a new sclero-embolic agent. Further research is needed to study the chemical changes of the mixture, to confirm the significance of the added sclerotic effect and to find out the ideal mixture percentages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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5. Value of C-Arm Computed Tomography to Evaluate Stent Deployment During Femoro-Popliteal Revascularization.
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Gahide, Gerald, Hadjadj, Sofiane, Therasse, Eric, Kauffmann, Claude, Gilbert, Patrick, Oliva, Vincent, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Lespérance, Jacques, Cloutier, Guy, Soulez, Gilles, Oliva, Vincent L, and Lespérance, Jacques
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ARTERIAL occlusions ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COMPUTED tomography ,DIGITAL subtraction angiography ,FEMORAL artery ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,INTERVENTIONAL radiology ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,SURGICAL stents ,ULTRASONIC imaging ,EVALUATION research ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,ANKLE brachial index ,POPLITEAL artery ,SURGERY - Abstract
Purpose: To compare the accuracy of C-arm computed tomography (CT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in detecting incomplete stent expansion (ISE) after superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as a gold standard.Materials: Fifty patients with symptomatic SFA occlusive disease requiring angioplasty were prospectively included. Once technical success (<30 % residual stenosis) was obtained on post-procedural DSA, C-arm CT and IVUS were acquired. DSA and C-arm CT examinations were reviewed by 2 investigators and correlated with IVUS. C-arm CT image quality was rated on a four-point scale. Doppler ultrasound was performed at 1-year follow-up.Results: The ankle-brachial index was 0.69 ± 0.10 and 0.99 ± 0.40, respectively, pre- and post-procedure. C-arm CT imaging quality was rated as good or excellent in 80%. In-stent minimal luminal diameter (MLD) was evaluated at 4.71 ± 0.7 mm on DSA, 3.39 ± 0.6 mm on IVUS, and 3.12 ± 0.9 mm on C-arm CT. Compared to IVUS, DSA demonstrated an overestimation of MLD (p = 0.0001), an underestimation of ISE (DSA = 18.8% ± 7.6; IVUS = 29.8% ± 9) (p < 0.0001), and a poor inter-technique intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.24). No difference was observed between IVUS and C-arm CT in ISE as calculated by diameter (29.8 ± 9 vs. 28.2 ± 12.5%, p = 0.5) and area (30.2 ± 8.4 vs. 33.3 ± 9.5%, p = 0.2). Inter-technique ICC between C-arm CT and IVUS was 0.72 [95%CI 0.49; 0.85] for MLA measurements. The inter-observer ICC for MLD and MLA measurements on C-arm CT were, respectively, estimated at 0.75 [95% CI 0.40, 0.89] and 0.77 [95% CI 0.43, 0.90)].Conclusions: C-arm CT presents a better correlation with IVUS than DSA to determine lumen diameter and ISE immediately after percutaneous revascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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6. 256-Slice CT Angiographic Evaluation of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts: Effect of Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability and Z-Axis Location on Image Quality.
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Gramer, Bettina M., Diez Martinez, Patricia, Chin, Anne S., Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre, Larrivée, Sandra, Stevens, Louis-Mathieu, Noiseux, Nicolas, Soulez, Gilles, Rummeny, Ernst J., and Chartrand-Lefebvre, Carl
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HEART beat ,COMPUTED tomography ,CORONARY artery bypass ,HEART rate monitoring ,IMAGE quality analysis ,PHYSICAL sciences - Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the effect of heart rate, heart rate variability and z-axis location on coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) image quality using a 256-slice computed tomography (CT) scanner. Methods: A total of 78 patients with 254 CABG (762 graft segments) were recruited to undergo CABG assessment with 256-slice CT and prospective ECG-gating. Two observers rated graft segments for image quality on a 5-point scale. Quantitative measurements were also made. Logistic and cumulative link mixed models were used to assess the predictors of graft image quality. Results: Graft image quality was judged as diagnostic (scores 5 (excellent), 4 (good) and 3 (moderate)) in 96.6% of the 762 segments. Interobserver agreement was excellent (kappa ≥0.90). Graft image quality was not affected by heart rate level. However, high heart rate variability was associated with an important and significant image quality deterioration (odds ratio 4.31; p = 0.036). Distal graft segments had significantly lower image quality scores than proximal segments (p ≤ 0.02). Significantly higher noise was noted at the origin of the mammary grafts (p = 0.001), owing to streak artifacts from the shoulders. Conclusion: CABG imaging with 270-msec rotation 256-slice CT and prospective ECG-gating showed an adequate image quality in 96.6% of graft segments, and an excellent interobserver agreement. Graft image quality was not influenced by heart rate level. Image quality scores were however significantly decreased in patients with high heart rate variability, as well as in distal graft segments, which are closer to the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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7. A multimodality vascular imaging phantom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a visible thrombus.
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Allard, Louise, Soulez, Gilles, Chayer, Boris, Qin, Zhao, Roy, David, and Cloutier, Guy
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AORTIC aneurysms , *ENDOVASCULAR surgery , *MAGNETIC resonance angiography , *COMPUTED tomography , *X-ray absorption , *DIGITAL subtraction angiography , *FLUOROSCOPY - Abstract
Purpose: With the continuous development of new stent grafts and implantation techniques, it has now become technically feasible to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with challenging anatomy using endovascular repair with standard, fenestrated, or branched stent-grafts. In vitro experimentations are very useful to improve stent-graft design and conformability or imaging guidance for stent-graft delivery or follow-up. Vascular replicas also help to better understand the limitation of endovascular approaches in challenging anatomy and possibly improve surgical planning or training by practicing high risk clinical procedures in the laboratory to improve outcomes in the operating room. Most AAA phantoms available have a very basic anatomy, which is not representative of the clinical reality. This paper presents a method of fabrication of a realistic AAA phantom with a visible thrombus, as well as some mechanical properties characterizing such phantom. Methods: A realistic AAA geometry replica of a real patient anatomy taken from a multidetector computed tomography (CT) scan was manufactured. To demonstrate the multimodality imaging capability of this new phantom with a thrombus visible in magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, CT angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and ultrasound, image acquisitions with all these modalities were performed by using standard clinical protocols. Potential use of this phantom for stent deployment was also tested. A rheometer allowed defining hyperelastic and viscoelastic properties of phantom materials. Results: MR imaging measurements of SNR and CNR values on T1 and T2-weighted sequences and MR angiography indicated reasonable agreement with published values of AAA thrombus and abdominal components in vivo. X-ray absorption also lay within normal ranges of AAA patients and was representative of findings observed on CTA, fluoroscopy, and DSA. Ultrasound propagation speeds for developed materials were also in concordance with the literature for vascular and abdominal tissues. Conclusions: The mimicked abdominal tissues, AAA wall, and surrounding thrombus were developed to match imaging features of in vivo MR, CT, and ultrasound examinations. This phantom should be of value for image calibration, segmentation, and testing of endovascular devices for AAA endovascular repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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8. Design of iterative ROI transmission tomography reconstruction procedures and image quality analysis.
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Hamelin, Benoit, Goussard, Yves, Dussault, Jean-Pierre, Cloutier, Guy, Beaudoin, Gilles, and Soulez, Gilles
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TOMOGRAPHY ,ALGORITHMS ,MEDICAL radiography ,SIMULATION methods & models ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose: An iterative edge-preserving CT reconstruction algorithm for high-resolution imaging of small regions of the field of view is investigated. It belongs to a family of region-of-interest reconstruction techniques in which a low-cost pilot reconstruction of the whole field of view is first performed and then used to deduce the contribution of the region of interest to the projection data. These projections are used for a high-resolution reconstruction of the region of interest (ROI) using a regularized iterative algorithm, resulting in significant computational savings. This paper examines how the technique by which the pilot reconstruction of the full field of view is obtained affects the total runtime and the image quality in the region of interest. Methods: Previous contributions to the literature have each focused on a single approach for the pilot reconstruction. In this paper, two such approaches are compared: the filtered backprojection and a low-resolution regularized iterative reconstruction method. ROI reconstructions are compared in terms of image quality and computational cost over simulated and physical phantom (Catphan600©) studies, in order to assess the compromises that most impact the quality of the ROI reconstruction. Results: With the simulated phantom, new artifacts that appear in the ROI images are caused by significant errors in the pilot reconstruction. These errors include excessive coarseness of the pilot image grid and beam-hardening artifacts. With the Catphan600 phantom, differences in the imaging model of the scanner and that of the iterative reconstruction algorithm cause dark border artifacts in the ROI images. Conclusions: Inexpensive pilot reconstruction techniques (analytical algorithms, very-coarse-grid penalized likelihood) are practical choices in many common cases. However, they may yield background images altered by edge degradation or beam hardening, inducing projection inconsistency in the data used for ROI reconstruction. The ROI images thus have significant streak and speckle artifacts, which adversely affect the resolution-to-noise compromise. In these cases, edge-preserving penalized-likelihood methods on not-too-coarse image grids prove to be more robust and provide the best ROI image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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9. Shear wave elasticity imaging for residual endoleak and thrombus characterisation after endoleak embolisation following endovascular aneurysm repair: a canine animal study.
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Bertrand-Grenier, Antony, Zehtabi, Fatemeh, Lerouge, Sophie, Alturkistani, Husain, Kauffmann, Claude, Bodson-Clermont, Paule, Salazkin, Igor, Héon, Hélène, Cloutier, Guy, and Soulez, Gilles
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SHEAR waves ,COMPUTED tomography ,ELASTOGRAPHY ,ULTRASONIC imaging ,HISTOPATHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: To evaluate residual endoleak and thrombus organisation with shear wave imaging (SWI) after endoleak embolisation through an animal study. Methods: This prospective experimental study involved eight dogs with creation of 16 iliac aneurysms and type I endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Embolisation agents were injected into the sac to seal endoleak. SWI and colour flow Doppler ultrasound (DUS) were performed at implantation, one week, and one and three months after implantation; for three dogs, SWI and DUS were also performed six months after implantation. Digital subtraction angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography were performed at sacrifice. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were processed to identify regions of interest (ROIs) for endoleak, fresh thrombus, organised thrombus and embolisation agent, where SWI elasticity moduli were compared. Results: At sacrifice, nine aneurysms had residual endoleak, while seven were sealed. Ten had a fresh and 15 had an organised thrombus. SWI was able to detect all endoleaks, including two cases undetected with DUS. Elasticity moduli of 0.2 kPa ± 0.1 kPa (mean ± SD), 9.5 kPa ± 3.3 kPa, 48.1 kPa ± 21.3 kPa and 44.9 kPa ± 23.7 kPa were found in the ROIs positioned in endoleaks, fresh thrombi, organised thrombi and embolisation agent, respectively. Elasticity values of endoleak and fresh thrombus were lower than those of organised thrombi and embolisation agent (p < 0.001). Stiffness of fresh thrombus at one week (8.7 kPa ± 3.6 kPa) increased at three months (30.2 kPa ± 13.8 kPa), indicating thrombus maturation (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In a dog model of iliac EVAR, SWI was able to identify endoleak, thrombus maturation and embolising agents after endoleak embolisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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10. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) reperfusion after percutaneous embolization: Sensitivity and specificity of non-enhanced CT.
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Bélanger, Chantale, Chartrand-Lefebvre, Carl, Soulez, Gilles, Faughnan, Marie E., Tahir, Muhammad Ramzan, Giroux, Marie-France, Gilbert, Patrick, Perreault, Pierre, Bouchard, Louis, Oliva, Vincent L., and Therasse, Eric
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ARTERIOVENOUS malformation , *LUNG disease diagnosis , *THERAPEUTIC embolization , *COMPUTED tomography , *REPERFUSION injury , *DIAGNOSIS , *THERAPEUTICS , *PULMONARY artery abnormalities , *PULMONARY vein abnormalities , *ANGIOGRAPHY , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ARTERIOVENOUS fistula , *PULMONARY artery , *PULMONARY veins , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *PREDICTIVE tests , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of non-enhanced chest CT to detect reperfusion after pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolization.Materials and Methods: The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective HIPAA-compliant study and waived the need for patient consent. All consecutive patients who underwent PAVM embolization between January 2000 and April 2011 were included. Complex PAVMs and patients without available pre- and/or post-embolization CT were excluded. PAVM artery, aneurysm and vein diameters were measured on non-enhanced chest CT before and after PAVM embolization. Pulmonary angiography (PA) was the reference standard to assess PAVM reperfusion. Reperfusion detection was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves according to percentage of diameter reduction cut-off. Inter-observer concordance was ascertained with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: Out of 68 patients with PAVM embolizations, 42 (62%) had 108 PAVMs that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Areas under the ROC curves for PAVM reperfusion detection were 0.84, 0.87, and 0.78, respectively, for PAVM artery, aneurysm and vein (p>0.05). Sensitivity varied between 51% and 56%, and specificity between 86% and 98% for the <30% diameter reduction cut-off. Sensitivity was between 98% and 100%, and specificity, between 20% and 47% for the <70% diameter reduction cut-off. ICCs for inter-observer concordance were 0.58, 0.88 and 0.68 for percentage reduction of PAVM artery, aneurysm and vein, respectively.Conclusion: PAVM diameter reduction cut-offs of <30% and <70%, to detect PAVM reperfusion on non-enhanced CT reported in the literature, would respectively result in low sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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11. A 3-D Ultrasound Imaging Robotic System to Detect and Quantify Lower Limb Arterial Stenoses: In Vivo Feasibility.
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Janvier, Marie-Ange, Merouche, Samir, Allard, Louise, Soulez, Gilles, and Cloutier, Guy
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ULTRASONIC imaging , *ROBOTICS , *ARTERIAL stenosis , *FEASIBILITY studies , *PERFORMANCE evaluation , *COMPUTED tomography - Abstract
Abstract: The degree of stenosis is the most common criterion used to assess the severity of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. Two-dimensional ultrasound (US) imaging is the first-line diagnostic method for investigating lesions, but it cannot render a 3-D map of the entire lower limb vascular tree required for therapy planning. We propose a prototype 3-D US imaging robotic system that can potentially reconstruct arteries from the iliac in the lower abdomen down to the popliteal behind the knee. A realistic multi-modal vascular phantom was first conceptualized to evaluate the system's performance. Geometric accuracies were assessed in surface reconstruction and cross-sectional area in comparison to computed tomography angiography (CTA). A mean surface map error of 0.55 mm was recorded for 3-D US vessel representations, and cross-sectional lumen areas were congruent with CTA geometry. In the phantom study, stenotic lesions were properly localized and severe stenoses up to 98.3% were evaluated with –3.6 to 11.8% errors. The feasibility of the in vivo system in reconstructing the normal femoral artery segment of a volunteer and detecting stenoses on a femoral segment of a patient was also investigated and compared with that of CTA. Together, these results encourage future developments to increase the robot's potential to adequately represent lower limb vessels and clinically evaluate stenotic lesions for therapy planning and recurrent non-invasive and non-ionizing follow-up examinations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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12. Suivi par élastographie ultrasonore après réparation endovasculaire d’anévrisme aorto-iliaque : étude de faisabilité in vivo
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Bertrand-Grenier, Antony, Soulez, Gilles, and Cloutier, Guy
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Histologie ,Histology ,Endoleak ,Anévrisme de l’aorte abdominale ,Imagerie ultrasonore ,Angiography ,Élastographie dynamique ,Dynamic elastography ,Tomodensitométrie ,Endovascular repair ,Réparation endovasculaire ,Abdominal aortic aneurysm ,Angiographie ,Agent embolisant ,Endofuite ,Computed tomography ,Ultrasound imaging ,Thrombus ,Embolization agent - Abstract
Les maladies cardiovasculaires sont la première cause de mortalité dans le monde et les anévrismes de l’aorte abdominale (AAAs) font partie de ce lot déplorable. Un anévrisme est la dilatation d’une artère pouvant conduire à la mort. Une rupture d’AAA s’avère fatale près de 80% du temps. Un moyen de traiter les AAAs est l’insertion d’une endoprothèse (SG) dans l’aorte, communément appelée la réparation endovasculaire (EVAR), afin de réduire la pression exercée par le flux sanguin sur la paroi. L’efficacité de ce traitement est compromise par la survenue d’endofuites (flux sanguins entre la prothèse et le sac anévrismal) pouvant conduire à la rupture de l’anévrisme. Ces flux sanguins peuvent survenir à n’importe quel moment après le traitement EVAR. Une surveillance par tomodensitométrie (CT-scan) annuelle est donc requise, augmentant ainsi le coût du suivi post-EVAR et exposant le patient à la radiation ionisante et aux complications des contrastes iodés. L’endotension est le concept de dilatation de l’anévrisme sans la présence d’une endofuite apparente au CT-scan. Après le traitement EVAR, le sang dans le sac anévrismal coagule pour former un thrombus frais, qui deviendra progressivement un thrombus plus fibreux et plus organisé, donnant lieu à un rétrécissement de l’anévrisme. Il y a très peu de données dans la littérature pour étudier ce processus temporel et la relation entre le thrombus frais et l’endotension. L’étalon d’or du suivi post-EVAR, le CT-scan, ne peut pas détecter la présence de thrombus frais. Il y a donc un besoin d’investir dans une technique sécuritaire et moins coûteuse pour le suivi d’AAAs après EVAR. Une méthode récente, l’élastographie dynamique, mesure l’élasticité des tissus en temps réel. Le principe de cette technique repose sur la génération d’ondes de cisaillement et l’étude de leur propagation afin de remonter aux propriétés mécaniques du milieu étudié. Cette thèse vise l’application de l’élastographie dynamique pour la détection des endofuites ainsi que de la caractérisation mécanique des tissus du sac anévrismal après le traitement EVAR. Ce projet dévoile le potentiel de l’élastographie afin de réduire les dangers de la radiation, de l’utilisation d’agent de contraste ainsi que des coûts du post-EVAR des AAAs. L’élastographie dynamique utilisant le « Shear Wave Imaging » (SWI) est prometteuse. Cette modalité pourrait complémenter l’échographie-Doppler (DUS) déjà utilisée pour le suivi d’examen post-EVAR. Le SWI a le potentiel de fournir des informations sur l’organisation fibreuse du thrombus ainsi que sur la détection d’endofuites. Tout d’abord, le premier objectif de cette thèse consistait à tester le SWI sur des AAAs dans des modèles canins pour la détection d’endofuites et la caractérisation du thrombus. Des SGs furent implantées dans un groupe de 18 chiens avec un anévrisme créé au moyen de la veine jugulaire. 4 anévrismes avaient une endofuite de type I, 13 avaient une endofuite de type II et un anévrisme n’avait pas d’endofuite. Des examens échographiques, DUS et SWI ont été réalisés à l’implantation, puis 1 semaine, 1 mois, 3 mois et 6 mois après le traitement EVAR. Une angiographie, un CT-scan et des coupes macroscopiques ont été produits au sacrifice. Les régions d’endofuites, de thrombus frais et de thrombus organisé furent identifiées et segmentées. Les valeurs de rigidité données par le SWI des différentes régions furent comparées. Celles-ci furent différentes de façon significative (P < 0.001). Également, le SWI a pu détecter la présence d’endofuites où le CT-scan (1) et le DUS (3) ont échoué. Dans la continuité de ces travaux, le deuxième objectif de ce projet fut de caractériser l’évolution du thrombus dans le temps, de même que l’évolution des endofuites après embolisation dans des modèles canins. Dix-huit anévrismes furent créés dans les artères iliaques de neuf modèles canins, suivis d’une endofuite de type I après EVAR. Deux gels embolisants (Chitosan (Chi) ou Chitosan-Sodium-Tetradecyl-Sulfate (Chi-STS)) furent injectés dans le sac anévrismal pour promouvoir la guérison. Des examens échographiques, DUS et SWI ont été effectués à l’implantation et après 1 semaine, 1 mois, 3 mois et 6 mois. Une angiographie, un CT-scan et un examen histologique ont été réalisés au sacrifice afin d’évaluer la présence, le type et la grosseur de l’endofuite. Les valeurs du module d’élasticité des régions d’intérêts ont été identifiées et segmentées sur les données pathologiques. Les régions d’endofuites et de thrombus frais furent différentes de façon significative comparativement aux autres régions (P < 0.001). Les valeurs d’élasticité du thrombus frais à 1 semaine et à 3 mois indiquent que le SWI peut évaluer la maturation du thrombus, de même que caractériser l’évolution et la dégradation des gels embolisants dans le temps. Le SWI a pu détecter des endofuites où le DUS a échoué (2) et, contrairement au CT-scan, détecter la présence de thrombus frais. Finalement, la dernière étape du projet doctoral consistait à appliquer le SWI dans une phase clinique, avec des patients humains ayant déjà un AAA, pour la détection d’endofuite et la caractérisation de l’élasticité des tissus. 25 patients furent sélectionnés pour participer à l’étude. Une comparaison d’imagerie a été produite entre le SWI, le CT-scan et le DUS. Les valeurs de rigidité données par le SWI des différentes régions (endofuite, thrombus) furent identifiées et segmentées. Celles-ci étaient distinctes de façon significative (P < 0.001). Le SWI a détecté 5 endofuites sur 6 (sensibilité de 83.3%) et a eu 6 faux positifs (spécificité de 76%). Le SWI a pu détecter la présence d’endofuites où le CT-scan (2) ainsi que le DUS (2) ont échoué. Il n’y avait pas de différence statistique notable entre la rigidité du thrombus pour un AAA avec endofuite et un AAA sans endofuite. Aucune corrélation n’a pu être établie de façon significative entre les diamètres des AAAs ainsi que leurs variations et l’élasticité du thrombus. Le SWI a le potentiel de détecter les endofuites et caractériser le thrombus selon leurs propriétés mécaniques. Cette technique pourrait être combinée au suivi des AAAs post-EVAR, complémentant ainsi l’imagerie DUS et réduisant le coût et l’exposition à la radiation ionisante et aux agents de contrastes néphrotoxiques., Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are part of these horrible diseases. An aneurysm is a dilatation of an artery that can lead to death. A rupture of an AAA can lead to death nearly 80% of the time. One way to treat AAAs is the insertion of a stent-graft (SG) in the aorta in order to reduce the pressure on the wall, commonly known as endovascular repair (EVAR). Endoleak, defined as persistent blood flow within the aneurysm sac and outside the SG, is the main complication of EVAR. This phenomenon increases the risk of rupture and can develop at any time after EVAR. A life-long surveillance follow-up with computed tomography (CT-scan) is required to detect endoleak, increasing the cost of EVAR, exposing patient to ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agent. Aneurysm growth without evidence of endoleak on CT-scan is called endotension. After SG delivery, the blood is trapped between the SG and aneurysm wall. If there is no residual flow (endoleak), the blood will coagulate to form fresh thrombus that will progressively organize to become a fibrous thrombus leading to aneurysm shrinkage. There is little data in the literature to study the timing of this process and the relationship between thrombus organization and aneurysm shrinkage. The gold-standard of post-EVAR surveillance, the CT-scan, cannot detect the presence of fresh thrombus. There is a clear need to invest in a safe and cost effective technique for post-EVAR surveillance. A recent method, dynamic elastography, measures the elasticity of tissues in real time. The principle of this technique is based on the generation of shear waves and studies their propagations for the determination of elastic properties (stiffness) of tissues. This thesis aims the application of dynamic elastography for the detection of endoleak and to characterize mechanical properties of AAAs tissues after EVAR. This project reveals the potential of elastography to reduce costs, exposure to ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents in CT-scan follow-up of AAAs post-EVAR. Dynamic elastography using the shear wave imaging (SWI) is promising and can complement the Doppler ultrasound (DUS), which is already used in post-EVAR follow-up. SWI has the potential to get information from thrombus organization and to detect endoleak. The first objective of this thesis was to test the SWI on AAAs in canines models for the detection of endoleak and the characterization of thrombus. SGs were implanted in 18 dogs after surgical creation of type I endoleaks (4 AAAs), type II endoleaks (13 AAAs) and no endoleaks (1 AAA). DUS and SWI were engaged before (baseline) and 7, 30, 90 and 180 days (sacrifice) after SG implantation. Digital subtraction angiography, CT-scan and macroscopic tissue sections were analyzed at sacrifice. Endoleak and thrombus areas were identified and segmented. Elasticity (Young's) moduli were measured in different regions of interest (endoleaks, fresh and organized thrombi) after registration of pathological findings. Rigidity values of the regions of interest were significantly different (P < 0.001). SWI was able to detect endoleaks where CT-scan (1) and DUS (3) failed. The second objective of this project was to characterize the evolution of the thrombus in time, also as the endotension after endoleak embolization in canines models. EVAR was done with creation of type I endoleak in 18 aneurysms created in nine dogs (common iliacs arteries). Two embolization gels (Chitosan (Chi) or Chitosan-Sodium-Tetradecyl-Sulfate (Chi-STS)) were injected in the sac to seal the endoleak and promote healing. SWI and DUS were performed at baseline (implantation, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months) whereas angiography and CT-scan were performed at sacrifice to evaluate the presence and type of the endoleak. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were processed to identify and segment five different regions of interest (ROIs) (endoleak, fresh or organized thrombus, Chi or Chi-STS). Elasticity values of endoleak and fresh thrombus areas were significantly lower than organized thrombus, Chi and Chi-STS areas (P < 0.001). Elasticity values of fresh thrombus at 1 week and at 3 months indicated that SWI can evaluate thrombus maturation. It can also characterize embolization agents degradation. SWI was able to detect endoleak where DUS failed (2) and distinguish fresh thrombi which cannot be detected on CT-scan. Finally, the last step of the doctoral project was to apply the SWI in a clinical phase with humans with an AAA for the detection of endoleak and characterizing elasticity of tissues. 25 patients were selected to participate in the study. Comparison of SWI, CT-scan and DUS images was conducted. Rigidity values by SWI of regions of interest (endoleak, thrombus) were identified and segmented. These were significantly different (P < 0.001). SWI detected 5 endoleaks on 6 (sensitivity of 83.3%) and had 6 false positives (specificity of 76%). SWI detected endoleaks where CT-scan (2) and DUS (2) failed. No statistical difference was found in elasticity between thrombus with an AAA with endoleak and thrombus with an AAA without endoleak. Also, no correlation was found between AAA diameter or its variation over time and thrombus elasticity. SWI has the potential to detect endoleaks and characterize thrombus. The approach could be combined with DUS surveillance of AAAs after EVAR, which is currently widely practiced to reduce the cost of AAA follow-up and exposure to ionizing radiation and contrast agents.
- Published
- 2016
13. Réduction des artéfacts de tuteur coronarien au moyen d’un algorithme de reconstruction avec renforcement des bords : étude prospective transversale en tomodensitométrie 256 coupes
- Author
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Chartrand-Lefebvre, Carl, Soulez, Gilles, and Stevens, Louis-Mathieu
- Subjects
Stenosis ,Athérosclérose ,Artéfact ,Sténose ,Angiography ,Algorithme de reconstruction ,Imagerie cardiaque ,Reconstruction kernel ,Atherosclerosis ,Tuteur ,Coronary artery disease ,Tomodensitométrie ,Maladie coronarienne ,Artifact ,Stent ,Angiographie ,Computed tomography ,Cardiac imaging - Abstract
Les artéfacts métalliques entraînent un épaississement artéfactuel de la paroi des tuteurs en tomodensitométrie (TDM) avec réduction apparente de leur lumière. Cette étude transversale prospective, devis mesures répétées et observateurs avec méthode en aveugle, chez 24 patients consécutifs/71 tuteurs coronariens a pour objectif de comparer l’épaisseur de paroi des tuteurs en TDM après reconstruction par un algorithme avec renforcement des bords et un algorithme standard. Une angiographie coronarienne par TDM 256 coupes a été réalisée, avec reconstruction par algorithmes avec renforcement des bords et standard. L’épaisseur de paroi des tuteurs était mesurée par méthodes orthogonale (diamètres) et circonférentielle (circonférences). La qualité d’image des tuteurs était évaluée par échelle ordinale, et les données analysées par modèles linéaire mixte et régression logistique des cotes proportionnelles. L’épaisseur de paroi des tuteurs était inférieure avec l’algorithme avec renforcement des bords comparé à l’algorithme standard, avec les méthodes orthogonale (0,97±0,02 vs 1,09±0,03 mm, respectivement; p, Metallic artifacts can result in an artificial thickening of the coronary stent wall which can significantly impair computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients with coronary stents. The purpose of this study is to assess the in vivo visualization of coronary stent wall and lumen with an edge-enhancing CT reconstruction kernel, as compared to a standard kernel. This is a prospective cross-sectional study of 24 consecutive patients with 71 coronary stents, using a repeated measure design and blinded observers, approved by the Local Institutional Review Board. 256-slice CT angiography was used, as well as standard and edge-enhancing reconstruction kernels. Stent wall thickness was measured with orthogonal and circumference methods, averaging wall thickness from stent diameter and circumference measurements, respectively. Stent image quality was assessed on an ordinal scale. Statistical analysis used linear and proportional odds models. Stent wall thickness was inferior using the edge-enhancing kernel compared to the standard kernel, either with the orthogonal (0.97±0.02 versus 1.09±0.03 mm, respectively; p
- Published
- 2016
14. Semiautomated 3D liver segmentation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
- Author
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Gotra, Akshat, Tang, An, and Soulez, Gilles
- Subjects
Segmentation hépatique ,Humains ,Planification préopératoire ,3D Imaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Tomodensitométrie ,Segmentation ,Volumetry ,Computed Tomography ,Liver ,Volumétrie ,Preoperative planning ,Validation ,Imagerie par résonance magnétique ,Imagerie 3D ,Humans ,Foie - Abstract
Le foie est un organe vital ayant une capacité de régénération exceptionnelle et un rôle crucial dans le fonctionnement de l’organisme. L’évaluation du volume du foie est un outil important pouvant être utilisé comme marqueur biologique de sévérité de maladies hépatiques. La volumétrie du foie est indiquée avant les hépatectomies majeures, l’embolisation de la veine porte et la transplantation. La méthode la plus répandue sur la base d'examens de tomodensitométrie (TDM) et d'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) consiste à délimiter le contour du foie sur plusieurs coupes consécutives, un processus appelé la «segmentation». Nous présentons la conception et la stratégie de validation pour une méthode de segmentation semi-automatisée développée à notre institution. Notre méthode représente une approche basée sur un modèle utilisant l’interpolation variationnelle de forme ainsi que l’optimisation de maillages de Laplace. La méthode a été conçue afin d’être compatible avec la TDM ainsi que l' IRM. Nous avons évalué la répétabilité, la fiabilité ainsi que l’efficacité de notre méthode semi-automatisée de segmentation avec deux études transversales conçues rétrospectivement. Les résultats de nos études de validation suggèrent que la méthode de segmentation confère une fiabilité et répétabilité comparables à la segmentation manuelle. De plus, cette méthode diminue de façon significative le temps d’interaction, la rendant ainsi adaptée à la pratique clinique courante. D’autres études pourraient incorporer la volumétrie afin de déterminer des marqueurs biologiques de maladie hépatique basés sur le volume tels que la présence de stéatose, de fer, ou encore la mesure de fibrose par unité de volume., The liver is a vital abdominal organ known for its remarkable regenerative capacity and fundamental role in organism viability. Assessment of liver volume is an important tool which physicians use as a biomarker of disease severity. Liver volumetry is clinically indicated prior to major hepatectomy, portal vein embolization and transplantation. The most popular method to determine liver volume from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations involves contouring the liver on consecutive imaging slices, a process called “segmentation”. Segmentation can be performed either manually or in an automated fashion. We present the design concept and validation strategy for an innovative semiautomated liver segmentation method developed at our institution. Our method represents a model-based approach using variational shape interpolation and Laplacian mesh optimization techniques. It is independent of training data, requires limited user interactions and is robust to a variety of pathological cases. Further, it was designed for compatibility with both CT and MRI examinations. We evaluated the repeatability, agreement and efficiency of our semiautomated method in two retrospective cross-sectional studies. The results of our validation studies suggest that semiautomated liver segmentation can provide strong agreement and repeatability when compared to manual segmentation. Further, segmentation automation significantly shortens interaction time, thus making it suitable for daily clinical practice. Future studies may incorporate liver volumetry to determine volume-averaged biomarkers of liver disease, such as such as fat, iron or fibrosis measurements per unit volume. Segmental volumetry could also be assessed based on subsegmentation of vascular anatomy.
- Published
- 2016
15. Abdominal aortic aneurysm follow-up after endovascular repair in a canine model with non-invasive vascular elastography
- Author
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Salloum, Elie, Soulez, Gilles, and Cloutier, Guy
- Subjects
Endoleak ,Réparation endovasculaire de l’anévrisme ,Tomodensitométrie, endofuite ,Endovascular repair ,Anévrisme de l’aorte abdominal ,Ultrasound ,Non-invasive vascular elastography ,Abdominal aortic aneurysm ,Aorte ,Elastographie non-invasive vasculaire ,Ultrasonographie ,Computed tomography ,Thrombus ,Aorta - Abstract
Le traitement chirurgical des anévrismes de l'aorte abdominale est de plus en plus remplacé par la réparation endovasculaire de l’anévrisme (« endovascular aneurysm repair », EVAR) en utilisant des endoprothèses (« stent-grafts », SGs). Cependant, l'efficacité de cette approche moins invasive est compromise par l'incidence de l'écoulement persistant dans l'anévrisme, appelé endofuites menant à une rupture d'anévrisme si elle n'est pas détectée. Par conséquent, une surveillance de longue durée par tomodensitométrie sur une base annuelle est nécessaire ce qui augmente le coût de la procédure EVAR, exposant le patient à un rayonnement ionisants et un agent de contraste néphrotoxique. Le mécanisme de rupture d'anévrisme secondaire à l'endofuite est lié à une pression du sac de l'anévrisme proche de la pression systémique. Il existe une relation entre la contraction ou l'expansion du sac et la pressurisation du sac. La pressurisation résiduelle de l'anévrisme aortique abdominale va induire une pulsation et une circulation sanguine à l'intérieur du sac empêchant ainsi la thrombose du sac et la guérison de l'anévrisme. L'élastographie vasculaire non-invasive (« non-invasive vascular elastography », NIVE) utilisant le « Lagrangian Speckle Model Estimator » (LSME) peut devenir une technique d'imagerie complémentaire pour le suivi des anévrismes après réparation endovasculaire. NIVE a la capacité de fournir des informations importantes sur l'organisation d'un thrombus dans le sac de l'anévrisme et sur la détection des endofuites. La caractérisation de l'organisation d'un thrombus n'a pas été possible dans une étude NIVE précédente. Une limitation de cette étude était l'absence d'examen tomodensitométrique comme étalon-or pour le diagnostic d'endofuites. Nous avons cherché à appliquer et optimiser la technique NIVE pour le suivi des anévrismes de l'aorte abdominale (AAA) après EVAR avec endoprothèse dans un modèle canin dans le but de détecter et caractériser les endofuites et l'organisation du thrombus. Des SGs ont été implantés dans un groupe de 18 chiens avec un anévrisme créé dans l'aorte abdominale. Des endofuites de type I ont été créés dans 4 anévrismes, de type II dans 13 anévrismes tandis qu’un anévrisme n’avait aucune endofuite. L'échographie Doppler (« Doppler ultrasound », DUS) et les examens NIVE ont été réalisés avant puis à 1 semaine, 1 mois, 3 mois et 6 mois après l’EVAR. Une angiographie, une tomodensitométrie et des coupes macroscopiques ont été réalisées au moment du sacrifice. Les valeurs de contrainte ont été calculées en utilisant l`algorithme LSME. Les régions d'endofuite, de thrombus frais (non organisé) et de thrombus solide (organisé) ont été identifiées et segmentées en comparant les résultats de la tomodensitométrie et de l’étude macroscopique. Les valeurs de contrainte dans les zones avec endofuite, thrombus frais et organisé ont été comparées. Les valeurs de contrainte étaient significativement différentes entre les zones d'endofuites, les zones de thrombus frais ou organisé et entre les zones de thrombus frais et organisé. Toutes les endofuites ont été clairement caractérisées par les examens d'élastographie. Aucune corrélation n'a été trouvée entre les valeurs de contrainte et le type d'endofuite, la pression de sac, la taille des endofuites et la taille de l'anévrisme., Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms is increasingly being replaced by EVAR using SGs. However, the efficacy of this less invasive approach is jeopardized by the incidence of persistent flow within the aneurysm, called endoleaks leading to aneurysm rupture if not properly detected. Hence, a life-long surveillance by computed tomography (CT) angiography on an annual basis is increasing the cost of EVAR, exposing the patient to ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agent. The mechanism of aneurysm rupture secondary to endoleak is related to a pressurization of the aneurysm sac close to the systemic pressure. There is a relation between sac shrinkage or expansion and sac pressurization. The residual pressurization of AAA will induce sac pulsatility and blood circulation in the sac thus preventing sac thrombosis and aneurysm healing. NIVE using the LSME may become a complementary follow-up imaging technique for EVAR. NIVE has the capability of providing important information on the thrombus organization within the aneurysm sac and on the detection of endoleaks. The characterization of the thrombus organization was not possible in a previous NIVE study. A limitation was the absence of CT examinations as gold standard for endoleak diagnosis. In the current study, we aimed to apply and optimize NIVE of AAA after EVAR with SG in a canine model to detect endoleaks and characterize thrombus organization. SGs were implanted in a group of 18 dogs with an aneurysm created in the abdominal aorta. Type I endoleak was created in 4 aneurysms, type II in 13 aneurysms and no endoleak in 1 aneurysm. DUS and NIVE examinations were performed at baseline, 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-up after EVAR. Angiography, CT-scan and macroscopic tissue slides were performed at sacrifice. Strain values were computed using the LSME. Areas of endoleak, solid thrombus (organized) and fresh thrombus (non-organized) were identified and segmented by comparing the results of CT scan and macroscopic tissue slides. Strain values in areas with endoleak, organized and fresh thrombi were compared. Strain values were significantly different between endoleak and organized or fresh thrombus areas and between organized and fresh thrombus areas. All endoleaks were clearly characterized on elastography examinations. No correlation was found between strain values and type of endoleak, sac pressure, endoleak size and aneurysm size.
- Published
- 2015
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