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In recent history, the Panama Papers have comprised one of the largest and most influential leaks detailing information on offshore entities, company officers and financial (and legal) intermediaries, and has led to a global exposé of corruption and tax evasion. A systematic analysis of this information can provide valuable insights into the structure and properties of these entities and the relations between them. Network science can be applied as a scientific framework for understanding the structure of such relational, heterogeneous datasets at scale. In this article, we use an existing, relational version of the Panama Papers to selectively construct various networks, and then study the properties of the underlying system using well-defined analytical methods from network science, including degree properties, country assortativity analyses, connectivity and single-point network metrics like transitivity and density. We also illustrate significant structural features in these networks by conducting a triad census and exploring the networks’ core-periphery structure. Together, these results are used to show that the Panama Papers constitute a distinct class of networks that differ significantly from ordinary social and information networks. We also propose, construct and analyze ‘higher-order’ networks from the raw data, such as a ‘social’ network of officers. We confirm that some of these higher-order networks also show significant non-random deviations from expected or typical behavior, including in their degree distributions.

Aiming at the problem of easy tampering and difficult integrity authentication of paper text documents, this paper proposes a robust content authentication method for printed documents based on text watermarking scheme resisting print-and-scan attack. Firstly, an authentication watermark signal sequence related to content of text document is generated based on the Logistic chaotic map model; then, the authentication watermark signal sequence is embedded into printed paper document by using a robust text watermarking scheme; finally, the watermark information is extracted from scanned image of paper document, and compared with the authentication watermark information calculated in real time by the text document content obtained by OCR technology, thereby performing content integrity authentication of the paper text documents. Experimental results show that our method can achieve the robust content integrity authentication of paper text documents, and can also accurately locate the tampering position. In addition, the document after embedding the watermark information has a good visual effect, and the text watermarking scheme has a large information capacity.

The present paper explores the relationship between highly intercited papers in the k-max of citation networks and an author’s impact from the Mexican National System of Researchers (SNI). We investigate whether a more interconnected network, a higher k of the k-max, explains the variation of the total number of citations, controlling for personal characteristics such as SNI level, area of expertise, and the number of publications. We find that the k-max is positively and significantly correlated with impact. In this context, we find that the share of self and collaborator-citations increases with the magnitude of the k-max and women tend to have less interlinked cores of their citation networks than men (smaller k’s). Interestingly, we find that women tend to have a higher share of third-party citations while men tend to have a higher share of self and collaborator-citations, for all k’s and areas of expertise. We conduct a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to better understand the citation gender gap and find that much of it can be explained through the differences in observable characteristics (including the k-max) between women and men.

In any instructive field educational programs, the courses are characterized with learning goals. It is exceptionally challenging for the instructors to create Question Papers with changed questions. There's no standardizing strategy to guarantee quality of question paper. Consequently, there arises a have to be have a framework which can consequently produce it from we entered information inside few seconds. It’s basic to specify tests and exams, it plans understudies in their journey for information, so having a legitimate examination paper & organize is essential. Now the traditional strategy of producing address paper has been manual and it is exceptionally time and cost expending to diminish these things we developed this framework which is able make the programmed address paper and this it can be valuable to numerous instructive establishing.

The study investigates on activities of returning the usage paper boxes through online shopping among universities’ students in China. It also can investigate the similarity studies in online shopping at other countries and adopting the concept of reverse logistics.Online shopping is the most popular transaction at present especially among students and working adults for conveniences in lifestyles. Online shopping is able to reduce purchasing times, personal costs, having multiple choices with cheaper products. With regards of the package in on-line shopping, most of the sellers are using the designed paper boxes for packaging and sending them to their customers. Upon receiving, the buyers normally destroyed the paper boxes, throwing away into dust bin and some were kept for nothing. These will impact the environment, health and space for unnecessary. The activities on on-line shopping are increasing and the usages of paper boxes are worrying for the country. The population (2019) in China is approximately to 1.4 Billion with the penetration rates on online shopping reached 55.8%. The estimated amount of on-line shopping in 2019 closed to USD 1.9 Trillion and the volume is increasing between 8 -12 % every year. Online shopping is motivated by product range, price advantages and availability of reviews. This study also proposes a framework to improve understanding on which psychological factors may increase the rate on returning the paper-boxes from online-shopping. The framework uses the constructs of Theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a basis, extending an exogenous factors and applies to the pro-environmental activities’ context. At the end the articles show that the intention in returning the paper boxes from online shopping are not only affected by attitude, subjective norms andPerceived Behavioral Control (PBC) but also by exogenous factors.

One of the important keys for businesses today to be able to compete is to strengthen their supply chain management system.The impact of a pandemic is felt by all types of businesses, the most important unit of business that also feels the impact of the pandemic is how businesses maintain and even improve the performance of their supply chain management and one of the businesses or industries that is sufficiently affected by the pandemic for its supply chain resilience ispulp and paperindustry. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of the supply chain, especially in the pulp and paper industry in Indonesia during the pandemic. This study uses two independent variables, namely inventory policies and information sharing and one dependent variable, namely supply chain performance. Data collection in the form of a survey using questionnaire media was carried out on 85 practitioners who work in supply chain units such as production, marketing and logistics. Data collection was carried out from July to September 2020. The results of this study are the conclusion that there is a positive and significant effect of inventory policies and information sharing on supply chain performance. The estimated coefficient of inventory policy on supply chain performance is 0.61, while the estimated coefficient of information sharing on supply chain performance is 0.24. The simultaneously effect of the two independent variables on the dependent is 0.72.

In this paper we will discuss about the Automatic sun tracking system which we will implement on metal detectionaobotic system, where robotic spontaneous sun tracing system is a hybrid hardware/software prototype, whichautomatically furnish best positioningof panelwith the sunlight to get maximal electric charge generation through solar panel. It’s active sensors continuously observed the monochromaticrays of sun and spin the panel about the direction where the potential of sun rays is maximal. A micro-controller works on automatic sun tracing deviceconnected with the new solar power transformunit is developed & execute. The automatic sun tracker is executed with a DC motor and a DC Motor controller. The conditions of the hardware subjected to the changes of the environmental conditions. In the new unit of the MAXIMUM POWER POINT is resolved to easy insertion software with a present sweep perspective, with this new perspective the standardization of the transform from solar energy to electric energy at its maximal power point can be develops extra definitive and extra authentication.

Nowadays, ports are in need to maximize their incomes, and this based on the fierce competition. For this reason, all ports stakeholders should be involved to contribute in the design and the development of a policy of scheduling and priority.This project owned by the Vessel Call Service Planning Service in the port of Tanger Med as the "Tanger Med Port Authority", and it output was to report the summarized the work done and the methods behind it.The main goal is to develop a simulator model that includes all kind of operations and the operational process by choosing the appropriate KPIs that are fully reflecting the congestion transferred by port vesselsFirst, it aims to define the operating assumptions and the fundamental concepts on which our simulation model will be based and to present the data that were used for the implementation of the simulation as well as the origin of these data.Secondly, it aims to validate and calibrate the model by presenting some improvements that could be made to the simulator in order to make it more precise and more representative and to ensure automation of the processing of inputs and outputs. While towards the end we conclude with the presentation of congestion situations, the results obtained and their use in decision making.AIS data is another factor has been added to help in getting best results, this helped in vessels planification in/out predictive process while automating the use of our simulator with the AIS Data receipt from SatelliteThis part of project is in to give the smart aspect to our simulator results by using smart technology.

Droplet impact and penetration into the paper-like medium are essential physical phenomena in variety of natural and industrial processes. The lattice Boltzmann model coupled with random-walk-based stochastic scheme is presented to calculate the interactions between inertial dominated droplet and fibrous medium. Results show that the droplet spreading regime is independent of surface wettability, volume fraction, and Ohnesorge number at very early impact stage. For fibrous medium with volume fraction ~ 50% and wettability 85°, three stages of penetration process are observed. Whereas for low-volume-fraction fibrous medium, the phases of droplet spreading and penetration are coupled which results in a small spreading width for hydrophilic wettability. It is found that the spaces of spreading width and penetration rate are divided by the curve of $$ Oh = 0.038 $$ and $$ Re = 144 $$ . The effects of Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers largely influence the behaviors of droplet spreading and penetration process. The in-depth insight of inkjet droplet impact onto the paper-like fibrous medium is beneficial for improving printed products in Paper Electronics.

This paper is concerned with some stochastic properties of a novel rock–paper–scissors model. Firstly, the global existence of an unique positive solution of the stochastic model is obtained. Then we demonstrate the positive solution of the model is stochastically bounded. Besides, some sufficient conditions for population to be stochastically permanent and extinct are derived with the use of some appropriate Lyapunov functions. At last, some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our theoretical analysis results.

The Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game is a classic non-cooperative game widely studied in terms of its theoretical analysis as well as in its applications, ranging from sociology and biology to economics. Many experimental results of the RPS game indicate that this game is better modelled by the discretized best-response dynamics rather than continuous time dynamics. In this work we show that the attractor of the discrete time best-response dynamics of the RPS game is finite and periodic. Moreover we also describe the bifurcations of the attractor and determine the exact number, period and location of the periodic strategies., 24 pages, 9 figures

Traffic boards and traffic signals are used to maintain proper traffic through busy roads. They help to recognize the rules to follow when driving the vehicle. These signs warn the distracted driver, and prevent his/her actions which could lead to an accident. We have proposed a system which can help recognize these boards and signals at real time thus avoiding major mishap. A real-time automatic sign detection and recognition can help the driver, significantly increasing his/her safety. Lately traffic sign recognition has got an immense interest lately by large scale companies such as Google, Apple and Volkswagen etc. which is driven by the market needs for intelligent applications such as autonomous driving, driver assistance systems (ADAS), mobile mapping, Mobil eye, Apple, etc. Hence, here, we have implemented to do the same with cost efficient manner using Raspberry Pi. The proposed system detects the traffic board or traffic signals, capture its image which through deep learning approach recognizes the same to give result on dashboard as well it gives the measures of distance from front obstacle which helps to implement brake system if obstacle is near. PiCam is used to capture images of traffic sings and is connected to RaspberryPi. Monitor is used to display required output, showing type of sign and distance of collision. This proposal will avoid large number of accidents occurring at bridges and work in progress area due to automated braking system and simultaneous reduce death ratio.

Our society is facing serious environmental challenges related to climate change, pollution, diminishing resources, and biodiversity loss. Such problems are often ill-defined and are characterized by high uncertainty. Environmental decisions have strong impacts on society and demand clear and transparent trade-offs across values and priorities of stakeholder groups. This Feature Issue on Environmental Decisions includes papers focused on important environmental applications approached through various disciplinary backgrounds. The papers highlight advanced–often interdisciplinary–methodological approaches and include the perspectives of different stakeholders in the process of environmental decision-making. A wide range of methods are explored, ranging from a comprehensive review (for sustainable transport by Marleau Donais et al.) to an opinion paper proposing the use of Records of Engagement and Decision-making (RoED; by Cockerill et al.). Stakeholder engagement and preference elicitation required the development of new aggregation models for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA; by Reichert et al.). The integration of Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) with MCDA was found to be necessary in practice (by Liu et al.; Marleau Donais et al.). MCDA was extended to include the spatial dimension by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS; by Guay et al.; Schito et al.). The importance of considering the resilience of systems to better respond to and recover from unpredictable risks was emphasized (by Leyerer et al.; Mustajoki and Marttunen). These papers demonstrate the richness of approaches to environmental decision-making. Environmental issues offer ample exciting research opportunities to a broader scientific community. We encourage the readers of this Feature Issue—and of EJDP—to engage in environmental decision-making projects to support emerging societal needs.

This Special Issue comprises the first collection of papers submitted by the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of the journal Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA), as well as outstanding scholars working in the core research fields of MCA [...]

© 2018, the Authors. Fast-growing scientific papers bring the problem of rapidly and accurately finding a list of reference papers for a given manuscript. Reference paper recommendation is an essential technology to overcome this obstacle. In this paper, we study the problem of personalized query-focused astronomy reference paper recommendation and propose a heterogeneous information network embedding based recommendation approach. In particular, we deem query researchers, query text, papers and authors of the papers as vertices and construct a heterogeneous information network based on these vertices. Then we propose a heterogeneous information network embedding (HINE) approach, which simultaneously captures intra-relationships among homogeneous vertices, inter-relationships among heterogeneous vertices and correlations between vertices and text contents, to model different types of vertices as vector formats in a unified vector space. The relevance of the query, the papers and the authors of the papers are then measured by the distributed representations. Finally, the papers which have high relevance scores are presented to the researcher as recommendation list. The effectiveness of the proposed HINE based recommendation approach is demonstrated by the recommendation evaluation conducted on the IOP astronomy journal database.

Motivation: Biological network comparison software largely relies on the concept of alignment where close matches between the nodes of two or more networks are sought. These node matches are based on sequence similarity and/or interaction patterns. However, because of the incomplete and error-prone datasets currently available, such methods have had limited success. Moreover, the results of network alignment are in general not amenable for distance-based evolutionary analysis of sets of networks. In this article, we describe Netdis, a topology-based distance measure between networks, which offers the possibility of network phylogeny reconstruction. Results: We first demonstrate that Netdis is able to correctly separate different random graph model types independent of network size and density. The biological applicability of the method is then shown by its ability to build the correct phylogenetic tree of species based solely on the topology of current protein interaction networks. Our results provide new evidence that the topology of protein interaction networks contains information about evolutionary processes, despite the lack of conservation of individual interactions. As Netdis is applicable to all networks because of its speed and simplicity, we apply it to a large collection of biological and non-biological networks where it clusters diverse networks by type. Availability and implementation: The source code of the program is freely available at http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/research/proteins/resources. Contact: w.ali@stats.ox.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

This is the second edition of a special issue of Algorithms that is of a rather different nature compared to other Special Issues in the journal, which are usually dedicated to a particular subject in the area of algorithms [...]

The 15th International Computer Science Symposium in Russia (CSR 2020) was organized by the Ural Federal University located in Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation [...]

Communicability functions quantify the flow of information between two nodes of a network. In this work, we use them to explore the concept of the influence of a paper in a citation network. These functions depend on a parameter. By varying the parameter in a continuous way we explore different definitions of influence. We study six citation networks, three from physics and three from computer science. As a benchmark, we compare our results against two frequently used measures: the number of citations of a paper and the PageRank algorithm. We show that the ranking of the articles in a network can be varied from being equivalent to the ranking obtained from the number of citations to a behaviour tending to the eigenvector centrality, these limits correspond to small and large values of the communicability-function parameter, respectively. At an intermediate value of the parameter a PageRank-like behaviour is recovered. As a test case, we apply communicability functions to two sets of articles, where at least one author of each paper was awarded a Nobel Prize for the research presented in the corresponding article.

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) represent the largest group of receptor-like kinases in plants, which have been previously reported to play vital roles in plant growth, development, stress adaptation and signal transduction. However, there is lack of comprehensive analysis of this family in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera). In the present investigation, a genome-wide scan revealed the presence of 236 LRR-RLK genes in paper mulberry, which were classified into 21 subgroups based on the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. Gene structure and conserved motif analyses suggested genes in the same subgroup had highly consistent motif composition and intron/exon arrangement, but were divergent among subgroups. Total of 223 BpLRR-RLK genes were unevenly distributed across all 13 chromosomes, while the remaining 13 genes were localized to the unassembled scaffolds. Tandem and segmental duplications were confirmed to contribute to the expansion of BpLRR-RLK family. Further Ka/Ks showed that the duplicated BpLRR-RLKs had experienced strong purifying selection. The global promoter composition, transcriptome and phosphorylation analysis indicated that many of BpLRR-RLKs were associated with plant development, biotic and abiotic stress response, especially for cold stress. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction network was constructed for the 127 and 14 BpLRR-RLKs that responded to cold stress at the transcriptomics and phosphorylation level, respectively. All these findings will facilitate the studies on the evolutionary history of the LRR-RLK gene family in paper mulberry, also establish a solid foundation to further explore the potential functions of LRR-RLK genes in higher plants, particularly with regards to cold resistance.

We study diffusion on a multiplex network where the contact dynamics between the nodes is governed by a random process and where the waiting-time distribution differs for edges from different layers. We study the impact on a random walk of the competition that naturally emerges between the edges of the different layers. In opposition to previous studies, which have imposed a priori inter-layer competition, the competition is here induced by the heterogeneity of the activity on the different layers. We first study the precedence relation between different edges and by extension between different layers, and show that it determines biased paths for the walker. We also discuss the emergence of cyclic, rock–paper–scissors effects on random walks, when the precedence between layers is non-transitive. Finally, we numerically show the slowing-down effect due to the competition on a multiplex network with heterogeneous layers activity as the walker is likely to be trapped for a longer time either on a single layer, or on an oriented cycle.

Recent work has employed information theory in social and complex networks. Studies often discuss entropy in the degree distributions of a network. However, no specific work on entropy exists in clique networks. This work is an extension of a previous study that discussed this topic. We propose a method for calculating the entropy of a clique network and its minimum and maximum values in temporal semantic networks based on titles of scientific papers. In addition, the critical network of moments was extracted. We use the titles of scientific papers published in Nature and Science over ten-year period. The results show the diversity of vocabulary over time, based on the entropy values of vertices and edges. In each critical network, we discover the paths that connect important words and an interesting modular structure.

This Special Issue contains four papers focused on hyperspectral data analysis [...]

In the above article, a second-order convergence in the maximum norm of the two-dimensional regularized long-wave equation is proved. However, due to a wrong inequality in Lemma 3.3 used in X. Wang et al.[1], there are some fundamental errors in this paper, in particular the proof of Theorem 3.3 and the convergence Theorem are no longer correct. The present brief paper contains clarifying comments.

International audience; This article studies the kinetic dynamics of the rock-paper-scissors binary game. We first prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the kinetic equation and subsequently we prove the rigorous derivation of the quasi-invariant limit for two meaningful choices of the domain of definition of the independent variables. We notice that the domain of definition of the problem plays a crucial role and heavily influences the behavior of the solution. The rigorous proof of the relaxation limit does not need the use of entropy estimates for ensuring compactness.

In a recent paper referred to in the title, the author used the concept of quasi self-adjointness to obtain conservation laws for a system of the ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation. Apart from the adjoint system of equations, all the results on the quasi self-adjointness and the subsequent conservation laws obtained are inaccurate. In this comment, we clarify these inaccuracies and also generate conservation laws for a potential form of the underlying equation through Noether theorem.

This text contains Mazzola's comments on Geraint A. Wiggins’ position paper Music, mind and mathematics: Theory, reality and formality.

O. Einstein (2008) proved Bollob\'as-type theorems on intersecting families of ordered sets of finite sets and subspaces. Unfortunately, we report that the proof of a theorem on ordered sets of subspaces had a mistake. We prove two weaker variants., Comment: 6 pages. Improved bound for Theorem 4