267,840 results on '"Mechanical Engineering"'
Search Results
2. Predicting thrust force during drilling of composite laminates with step drills through the Gaussian process regression
- Author
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Zhang, Yun and Xu, Xiaojie
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. GO/HTPB composite liner for anti-migration of small molecules
- Author
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Hao Li, Jie Wei, Wei Jiang, Tengyue Zhang, Yanan Zhang, and Yubing Hu
- Subjects
Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,Bond strength ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Plasticizer ,equipment and supplies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polybutadiene ,Adsorption ,Dioctyl sebacate ,chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Composite liner ,Composite material - Abstract
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/toluene diisocyanate (HTPB/TDI) system is widely used in composite solid propellants. The migrations of plasticizers and water molecules from solid propellants and surrounding environment to the inhibitor have always been the important issues. This study focuses on the preparation, characterization and anti-migration behavior of graphene oxide (GO)/HTPB nanocomposite liner. The GO/HTPB (GH) composite liners affect the migration of small molecules through a tighter cross-linked structure and weakening function of small molecule adsorption. The anti-migration performance of the liner at different temperatures was analyzed, and the influence of the added amount of GO on the anti-migration performance and adhesion performance was also systematically studied. The overall performance of the liner is optimized when the amount of GO filler is 0.3 wt%. After adding 0.3 wt% GO, the concentration of dioctyl sebacate (DOS) migrated into the liner is decreased by 23.28%, and the concentration of water molecules is decreased by 51.89%, indicating that the introduction of GO can significantly improve the anti-migration performance of the liner. In addition, the bond strength is greatly increased from 0.25 MPa to 0.95 MPa, which meets the application requirements of the current propellant system. This research provides an important way for the preparation of structure-function synergistic anti-migration composite liners.
- Published
- 2023
4. Chip experimental analysis approach obtained by micro-end-milling in (Ti-6Al-4 V) titanium alloy and (7075) aluminium alloy
- Author
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Marco A. Velasco, Ernesto Córdoba, and Mario J. Remolina
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Titanium alloy ,engineering.material ,Indentation hardness ,Catalysis ,7075 aluminium alloy ,chemistry ,Aluminium ,engineering ,Hardening (metallurgy) ,Metallography ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Titanium - Abstract
The chip study can be the simile to the biopsy in the machining process, as it exposes physical phenomena that are generated in the machining process (heat transfer, hardening, phase changes, heat treatments, etc.). These physical phenomena are directly influenced by the cutting parameters applied to the process (feed, cutting speed, and depth). A chip analysis procedure is proposed to estimate some of the physical phenomena generated in the micro-end-milling in a conventional CNC machine on 7075 aluminium and Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloys. The procedure is composed of hardness tests, metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared thermography. A softened chip is observed in the Ti-6Al-4 V titanium a hardened one in 7075 aluminium alloy. The chip approach evaluation evidences a great variation regarded to thermal characteristics between micro-machining and meso-machining focused on the scale of the removed layer thickness.
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- 2023
5. Experimental investigation of rubberized reinforced concrete continuous deep beams
- Author
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Hayder Mohammed Kadhim and Ali Abdulameer Kadhim
- Subjects
Ultimate load ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Aggregate (composite) ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,Shear (sheet metal) ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Natural rubber ,Deflection (engineering) ,visual_art ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Crumb rubber ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Ductility ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Results of fourteen two-span continuous deep beams those made from ordinary reinforced concrete (ORC) as a reference and rubberized reinforced concrete (RRC) are presented and discussed in this research. The main parameters are the rubber ratios as a replacement with coarse and fine aggregate and shear span/depth ratio (a/h) is 1.33 and 1.66. Chip and crumb rubbers were used to replace coarse and fine aggregate respectively in four different amounts by volume (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The proposed mix shows an ability to replace 20% of the aggregate (coarse or fine), and the production is still structural concrete. All beams design to fail in shear. The main crack is formatted between the intermediate support and the applied load diagonally. In spite of the inclusion of waste tire rubber in concrete has specific apparent degradations, the potential benefit seems to overlook the adverse effects and also provides the primary significant value of resolution for rubber waste problems. The results show that 20% volumetric substitution of natural coarse or fine aggregates with tier rubber reduced the ultimate load of continuous deep beams by 32.06% and 32.65% but significantly increases the ultimate deflection by 83.07% and 106.28% respectively. The ductility of rubberized continuous deep beams increases up to 36.95% when the replacement ratio of crumb rubber is 20%.
- Published
- 2023
6. Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) in predicting the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete prepared with glass waste and tin (Sn) can fiber
- Author
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Taifa Tasnim Nahin, Tanvir Ahmed, Sourav Ray, and Mohaiminul Haque
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Artificial neural network ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,chemistry ,Waste production ,021105 building & construction ,Mechanical strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Fiber ,Response surface methodology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Tin ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Amidst a world of never-ending waste production and waste disposal crises, scientists have been working their ways to come up with solutions to serve the earth better. Two such commonly found trashes deteriorating the environment are glass and tin can waste. This study aims to investigate the comparative suitability of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) in predicting the mechanical strength of concrete prepared with fine glass aggregate (GFA) and condensed milk can (tin) fibers (CMCF). An experimental scheme has been designed in this study with two input variables as GFA and CMCF, and two output variables as compressive and splitting tensile strength. The results show that both variables influenced the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete at 7, 28, and 56 days (p
- Published
- 2023
7. Preparation of HMX/TATB spherical composite explosive by droplet microfluidic technology
- Author
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Jingyu Wang, Dong Wang, Chongwei An, Bidong Wu, Yunyan Guo, Jinqiang Zhou, and Rui Zhu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Physics::Optics ,Polymer ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,chemistry ,TATB ,Phase (matter) ,Particle-size distribution ,Ceramics and Composites ,Thermal stability ,Composite material ,Dispersion (chemistry) - Abstract
Polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) have high energy density, excellent mechanical properties and better thermal stability. In this study, droplet microfluidic technology was used to successfully prepare HMX/TATB microspheres. The effects of different binder types and binder concentrations on the morphology of the microspheres were studied, and results proved that NC/GAP (1:4) provides particles a regular spherical morphology and good dispersion. Subsequently, the influence of the concentration of the dispersed phase and the flow rate of the continuous phase on the particle size distribution of the microspheres was fully studied. The microspheres had narrow particle size distribution and high spherical shape. Under optimized process conditions, HMX/TATB microspheres were prepared and compared with the physical mixtures. The X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, flow properties, bulk density, and mechanical sensitivity of the samples were also studied. Results showed that the crystal form of the microspheres remains unchanged, and the binder maintains good compatibility with explosives. In addition, the fluidity, bulk density, real density and safety performance of the microspheres are remarkably better than the physical mixture. This study provides a new method for preparing PBX with narrow particle size distribution, high spherical shape, excellent dispersion and high bulk density.
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- 2023
8. A novel modification method for the dynamic mechanical test using thermomechanical analyzer for composite multi-layered energetic materials
- Author
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Shi-lin Zhang, Zhongliang Ma, Zhongliang Xiao, Hao Yuan, and Le Qi
- Subjects
Spectrum analyzer ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Metals and Alloys ,Ceramics and Composites ,Computational Mechanics ,Composite material - Published
- 2023
9. Microwave absorption properties of Ni/C@SiC composites prepared by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis processes
- Author
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Faqin Xie, Xiaomin Ma, Junxiong Zhang, Zhaofeng Chen, Junfeng Xiang, Yun Jiang, and Xinli Ye
- Subjects
Materials science ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,Reflection loss ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Microstructure ,law.invention ,Nickel ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Ceramics and Composites ,Silicon carbide ,Dielectric loss ,Composite material ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Microwave - Abstract
In the present study, the unique three-dimensional graphene coated nickel (Ni/C) foam reinforced silicon carbide (Ni/C@SiC) composites were first obtained via the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) processes. The microstructure images indicated that the SiC fillers were successfully prepared in the skeleton pores of the Ni/C foam. The influence of the PIP cycles on the microwave absorption performances was researched, and the results indicated that after the primary PIP process, Ni/C@SiC–I possessed the optimal microwave absorbing performance with a minimum reflection loss(RL) of −25.87 dB at 5.28 GHz and 5.00 mm. Besides, the RL values could be below −10.00 dB from 5.88 GHz to 7.74 GHz when the corresponding matching thickness was 3.85 mm. However, the microwave absorption properties of Ni/C@SiC-II and Ni/C@SiC-III were tremendously degraded as the PIP times increased. At last, the electromagnetic parameter, dielectric loss, attenuation constant as well as impedance matching coefficient were further investigated to analyze the absorbing mechanism, which opened a new path for the certain scientific evaluation of the absorbing materials and had extremely important to the defence technology.
- Published
- 2023
10. The influence of superplasticiser on mechanical, transport and microstructure properties of foam concrete
- Author
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Abdullah Al-Shwaiter, Hanizam Awang, and Mohammed A. Khalaf
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Pore diameter ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pore distribution ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,Compaction ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Microstructure ,Catalysis ,Portlandite ,Foam concrete ,Rheology ,021105 building & construction ,Peak intensity ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Superplasticiser (SP) is widely used in foam concrete industry to improve rheological properties since compaction and vibration adversely affect the stability of foam bubbles. This study aims to investigate the effect of polycarboxylate SP contents on the properties of foam concrete. Different water-cement ratios (w/c) were used, and the SP added to the mixture to adjust the spreadability. The density of 1500 kg/m3 was chosen for the production of foam concrete for semi-structural applications. Fresh, mechanical, transport and microstructure properties were analysed in this study. The results of this study showed that the content of w/c and SP had a significant impact on the performance of the foam concrete. Increasing the SP content enhanced the foam concrete’s mechanical and transport properties, but the best behaviour was through the use of 1.35% of SP. Smaller pore diameter, better pore distribution and higher portlandite peak intensity were achieved through the use of the SP. Overall, the superior behaviour of the foam concrete was achieved by the use of 1.35% polycarboxylate SP.
- Published
- 2023
11. Slack-variable model in mixture experimental design applied to wood plastic composite
- Author
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Sergio Alvarez-Rodríguez, Edgar Augusto Ruelas-Santoyo, Javier Cruz-Salgado, Roxana Zaricell Bautista López, and Sergio Alonso Romero
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Flexural strength ,Filler (materials) ,021105 building & construction ,Ultimate tensile strength ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Polyethylene terephthalate ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Engineering ,Wood-plastic composite ,Slack variable ,Compressive strength ,chemistry ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Sawdust - Abstract
This paper describes a statistical and mathematical approach to optimize the mechanical properties of a wood plastic composite with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as polymeric matrix. Wood plastic composite are materials that consist of a primary continuous polymer phase, where a secondary filler dispersed phase is embedded, the filler generally is wood fibers or sawdust. The slack variable approach in mixture experiments, consist in selecting a component of the mixture as slack variable, to subsequently design and analyze the experiment in terms of the remaining components. With the experimental design information three slack variable model were fit. Using response surface graphs, we show how different compositions modify the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite. Besides, by the desirability function, the optimal formulation of the compound that simultaneously maximizing the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite, was obtained. Finally, the components proportions that provides the best tensile, flexural and compression strength are presented.
- Published
- 2023
12. Performance evaluation of SVM and GBM in predicting compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete prepared with ceramic waste and nylon fiber
- Author
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Sourav Ray, M. Washif Hasan, Mohaiminul Haque, Murshid Alam, and M.D. Masnun Rahman
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Coefficient of determination ,Aggregate (composite) ,Mean squared error ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,Support vector machine ,Compressive strength ,visual_art ,021105 building & construction ,Ultimate tensile strength ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Gradient boosting ,Ceramic ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Mathematics - Abstract
Waste management has become a new challenge for the construction industries since rapid urbanization is taking place worldwide. Ceramic waste is one such material which is being originated from construction sites and industries, imposing a significant risk to the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. With the goal of waste utilization, this study aims to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete made with waste Coarse Ceramic aggregate (CCA) and Nylon Fiber (NF) by using two distinct machine learning algorithms, namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). A comprehensive data set for testing and training the models containing 162 records of compressive and splitting tensile strength test results were considered from nine mix proportions. For training the dataset, parameters like cement content, sand content, stone content, ceramic content, nylon fiber content, curing duration, and concrete strength were taken as input variables. The predicted strengths obtained from the SVM and GBM based models are found to be in close agreement with the experimental results. In terms of coefficient of determination (R2), GBM showed significantly better result for both compressive strength (e.g., SVM Overall R2 = 0.879 & GBM Overall R2 = 0.981) and tensile strength (e.g., SVM Overall R2 = 0.706 & GBM Overall R2 = 0.923) prediction. Furthermore, based on the statistical accuracy measures like the mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), it has been observed that GBM has yielded much better performance compared to SVM in predicting the mechanical strength of concrete.
- Published
- 2023
13. Relationships between distribution characteristics of ceramic fragments and anti-penetration performance of ceramic composite bulletproof insert plates
- Author
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Tian Ma, Xin-yang Ji, Wei-ping Li, Wen-hao Yu, Wu Guoqing, and Yi-fan Shangguan
- Subjects
Range (particle radiation) ,Insert (composites) ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Penetration (firestop) ,Kinetic energy ,Distribution (mathematics) ,Resist ,Shot (pellet) ,visual_art ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ceramic ,Composite material - Abstract
Through quantitative statistics and morphological characterization of ceramic fragments for ceramic composite bulletproof insert plates (CCBIPs), distribution characteristics of ceramic fragments within a specific size range were analyzed for different Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) and shot times. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of energy absorption for ceramic plates, a model of energy absorption during penetration for CCBIPs was established based on statistics of the size distribution of ceramic fragments (SDCF). Variation in the SDCF and its influence on energy absorption for CCBIPs were investigated. The results indicate that the distribution feature of ceramic fragments in the range of 0.25–2.25 mm is Gaussian distribution. Compared with Type 56 of API (56-API), ceramic fragments formed by 53-API with higher kinetic energy possess more quantity and more concentrated distribution, whose average equivalence size decreases by 6.5%, corresponding to increasing by 83.9% of estimated energy absorption. Besides, the ability of CCBIPs to resist the third shot is significantly weakened, whose estimated energy absorption decreases by 58.8% compared with the first shot. More concentrated distribution and fewer fragments are formed after the third shot, the average equivalence size of ceramic fragments increases by 6.9%, which may attribute to the micro-cracks induced by the previous two shots.
- Published
- 2023
14. Material Modeling of Perforated Sheet Metals with Different Hole Arrangements by Homogenization Method
- Author
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Soichiro Furuta and Hideo Takizawa
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Homogenization (chemistry) - Published
- 2023
15. Quasi-static and low-velocity impact mechanical behaviors of entangled porous metallic wire material under different temperatures
- Author
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Hongbai Bai, Chunhong Lu, Yiwan Wu, Li Shangzhou, Hu Cheng, and Yu Tang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Loss factor ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Stiffness ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Dissipation ,Thermal expansion ,Drop impact ,Ceramics and Composites ,medicine ,Composite material ,medicine.symptom ,Deformation (engineering) ,Quasistatic process - Abstract
To improve the defense capability of military equipment under extreme conditions, impact-resistant and high-energy-consuming materials have to be developed. The damping characteristic of entangled porous metallic wire materials (EPMWM) for vibration isolation was previously investigated. In this paper, a study focusing on the impact-resistance of EPMWM with the consideration of ambient temperature is presented. The quasi-static and low-velocity impact mechanical behavior of EPMWM under different temperatures (25 °C–300 °C) are systematically studied. The results of the static compression test show that the damping energy dissipation of EPMWM increases with temperature while the nonlinear damping characteristics are gradually enhanced. During the impact experiments, the impact energy loss rate of EPMWM was between 65% and 85%, while the temperatures increased from 25 °C to 300 °C. Moreover, under the same drop impact conditions, the overall deformation of EPMWM decreases in the temperature range of 100 °C–200 °C. On the other hand, the impact stiffness, energy dissipation, and impact loss factor of EPMWM significantly increase with temperature. This can be attributed to an increase in temperature, which changes the thermal expansion coefficient and contact state of the internal wire helixes. Consequently, the energy dissipation mode (dry friction, air damping, and plastic deformation) of EPMWM is also altered. Therefore, the EPMWM may act as a potential candidate material for superior energy absorption applications.
- Published
- 2023
16. On the nanomechanical properties and local strain rate sensitivity of selected Aluminium-based composites reinforced with metallic and ceramic particles
- Author
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Eloho Anita Okotete, Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme, and Michael Oluwatosin Bodunrin
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,Stress (mechanics) ,Aluminium ,Indentation ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Ceramic ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Elastic modulus ,Strengthening mechanisms of materials ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Engineering ,Strain rate ,Nanoindentation ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium - Abstract
Nanoindentation derived mechanical properties and strain rate sensitivity assessment of a set of stir cast metallic reinforced Aluminium-based composites, with an antecedence of anomalous stress oscillations and strain rate insensitivity during hot compression, was investigated in this study. For the evaluation, Al6063 based composites reinforced with 6 wt% CuZnAl, steel, nickel, and SiC particles were subjected to nanoindentation, and their strain rate sensitivity was assessed using strain rate jump test. The results show that the AMCs reinforced with the metallic particles, presented better mechanical properties than those reinforced with SiC. The CuZnAl reinforced AMC had the best hardness (1.25 ± 0.25 GPa) and elastic modulus (∼83GPa), which is opined to be on account of thermoelastic contributions to the basic strengthening mechanisms. The large scatter observed in the mechanical response of the AMCs is largely due to the inhomogeneous particle distribution. The higher indentation resistance with an increase in strain rate, coupled with the absence of displacement bursts, indicated that the composites largely exhibit positive strain rate sensitivity.
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- 2023
17. Optimal design of a cylindrical composite panel of piecewise constant thickness
- Author
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Belybekyan, Ernest, Poghosyan, Arevshat, and Sharkhatunyan, Hayk
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Developing Composite Phase Change Material with Al–Si Base Microencapsulated Phase Change Material and Glass Frit for High Temperature Applications
- Author
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Takahiro Kawaguchi, Hiroki Sakai, Yuto Shimizu, Kaixin Dong, Ade Kurniawan, and Takahiro Nomura
- Subjects
latent heat storage ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,thermal energy storage ,microcapsule ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,phase change material ,composite material - Abstract
To achieve high energy efficiency and CO2 reduction during iron- and steelmaking, thermal management is vital. Use of phase change material (PCMs) to store excess energy in the form of latent heat has the potential to realize excellent thermal management. Microencapsulated PCMs (MEPCMs) consisting of an alloy PCM core and an oxide coating have improved corrosion resistance and are easy to mix with other materials. Conventionally, composite PCM pellets are fabricated by mixing glass frit (to aid sintering) with Al-25 mass% Si MEPCM. However, this process has not yet been optimized. In this study, the optimal stoichiometry of composite PCMs prepared using Al-25 mass% Si MEPCM and glass frit was investigated. The pellets were prepared by mixing with glass frit at 60, 80 and 90 mass% of MEPCM, followed by molding and heat treatment. As a result, pellets were successfully fabricated with condition including 60 and 80 mass% of MEPCM. The latent heat capacity of the composite PCM was 146 J g(-1), which was at least 1.59 times higher than that of existing sensible heat storage (SHS) materials. Moreover, the composite PCMs withstood 300 melting and solidification cycles. In summary, composite PCMs with excellent latent heat capacity and durability were successfully prepared.
- Published
- 2022
19. The strength of hollow concrete block walls, reinforced hollow concrete block beams, and columns
- Author
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David Sarana, Taufiq Saidi, Muttaqin Hasan, and Bunyamin
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Bending ,Reinforced concrete column ,Masonry ,Catalysis ,Shear (sheet metal) ,Flexural strength ,Block (telecommunications) ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Axial load ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,business ,Ductility ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of hollow concrete block masonry walls, beams, and columns, and compare their values with brick masonry walls and ordinary reinforced concrete beams and columns. The specimens for the hollow concrete block and brick masonry walls were prepared and tested for compressive and flexural strengths as well as horizontal and diagonal shear strengths. Moreover, two hollow concrete blocks and two ordinary reinforced concrete beams were designed to experience flexural and shear failure and loaded under a two-point bending load. Meanwhile, a hollow concrete block and an ordinary reinforced concrete column were also constructed and subjected to centric axial loads until they collapsed. The results showed the hollow concrete block masonry walls have greater strength than those made with bricks while both flexural and shear capacity as well as the flexural ductility of reinforced hollow concrete block beams were higher than ordinary reinforced concrete beams. Meanwhile, the centric compressive axial strength of the reinforced hollow concrete block column was smaller due to the inefficient bond it has with the infilled concrete which leads to their separation under the compressive axial load.
- Published
- 2022
20. Development of a new high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel and its grinding characteristics for Inconel718 alloy
- Author
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Jinguo Han, Bing Liu, Linguang Li, Yebing Tian, Xintao Hu, and Zhiqiang Gu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,Scanning electron microscope ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Aerospace Engineering ,Grinding wheel ,engineering.material ,Grinding ,Shear (sheet metal) ,Surface roughness ,engineering ,Composite material ,Selective laser melting - Abstract
Nickel-based alloy has been widely used due to its outstanding mechanical properties. However, Nickel-based alloy is a typical difficult-to-machine material, which is a great constrain for its application in the manufacturing field. To improve the surface quality of the ground workpiece, a new high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel, with high ratio of tangential grinding force to normal grinding force, was fabricated for the grinding of selective laser melting (SLM) manufactured Inconel718 alloy. The principle of high-shear and low-pressure grinding process was introduced in detail, which was quite different from the conventional grinding process. The fabrication process of the new grinding wheel was illustrated. A serial of experiments with different processing parameters were carried out to investigate the grinding performance of the developed grinding wheel via analyzing surface roughness and surface morphology of the ground workpiece. The optimal processing parameters of high-shear and low-pressure grinding were obtained. The surface roughness of ground workpiece was reduced to 0.232 μm from the initial value of 0.490 μm under the optimal grinding conditions. It was found that the initial scratches on the ground workpiece were almost completely removed after the observations with the metalloscopy and the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The capability of the newly developed high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel was validated.
- Published
- 2022
21. Gliding arc plasma adjusting pre-combustion cracking products
- Author
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Fei-long Song, Xingkui Yang, Shida Xu, Yun Wu, Jian-ping Zhou, and Xin Chen
- Subjects
Kerosene ,Materials science ,Atmospheric pressure ,Hydrogen ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Detonation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cracking ,Acetylene ,chemistry ,mental disorders ,Ceramics and Composites ,Composite material - Abstract
In view of the difficulty of kerosene-air detonation faced by the application of rotating detonation to aviation engines, in order to improve the kerosene detonation activity, the atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma is used to conduct secondary adjustment of the pre-combustion cracking products. The results show that the components with larger molecular weight in the pre-combustion cracking products, such as ethylene and methane, can be cracked into highly active species of hydrogen and acetylene by gliding arc plasma. With the increase of the fuel ratio of pre-combustion cracking, the plasma has a more significant effect on the adjustment of high active components. However, as the flow rate of the cracking gas treated by plasma increases, the adjustment effect is obviously reduced.
- Published
- 2022
22. Strength and durability of self-curing concrete developed using calcium lignosulfonate
- Author
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Rayees Ali Khan, Shamshad Alam, and Chhavi Gupta
- Subjects
Mechanical property ,Environmental Engineering ,Curing (food preservation) ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Calcium lignosulfonate ,Durability ,Catalysis ,Slump ,Self curing ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,High rise - Abstract
Large quantity of water is required during the conventional curing methods. This becomes challenging in the areas facing water scarcity and for concreting work in high rise structures. In this work, we present a solution for the need of concrete which does not require extra water for curing. In the proposed solution, calcium lignosulfonate in different percentage was introduced as a self-curing agent in fresh concrete. The hardened concrete with calcium lignosulfonate was cured at ambient condition whereas the hardened concrete without calcium lignosulfonate was submerged in water for curing. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete with and without calcium lignosulfonate are compared. The results show a continuous increase in slump with the increase in calcium lignosulfonate, however, 0.3% calcium lignosulfonate is identified as an optimum percentage for desired mechanical property. The durability under saline environment is studied in term of loss in strength. Further, the change in strength is correlated with the mineralogical changes studied using X-ray diffraction results.
- Published
- 2022
23. Tension—compression asymmetry and corresponding deformation mechanism in ZA21 magnesium bars with bimodal structure
- Author
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Yun Zhang, Y.L. Wang, and Haitao Jiang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Magnesium ,Mechanical Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Metals and Alloys ,Structure (category theory) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Asymmetry ,Deformation mechanism ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Tension compression ,Materials Chemistry ,Composite material ,media_common ,Grain boundary strengthening - Published
- 2022
24. Effect of N2 partial pressure on comprehensive properties of antibacterial TiN/Cu nanocomposite coating
- Author
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Chuanshi Sui, Shuyuan Zhang, Ke Yang, Yi Li, Muhammad Ali Siddiqui, Tong Li, Ren Ling, Yanhui Zhao, Hai Wang, Ning Zhang, Tao Jin, Susu Li, and Hui Liu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanocomposite coating ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Partial pressure ,Wear resistance ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,Composite material ,Tin ,Corrosion behavior - Published
- 2022
25. Effect of the capsule on deformation and densification behavior of nickel-based superalloy compact during hot isostatic pressing
- Author
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Pengju Xue, Cai Chao, Yusheng Shi, Lebiao Yang, Xiaona Ren, M. Irfan Hussain, and Changchun Ge
- Subjects
Superalloy ,Materials science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Hot isostatic pressing ,Mechanical Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Nickel based ,Deformation (meteorology) ,Composite material - Published
- 2022
26. Gradient plastic zone model in equiatomic face-centered cubic alloys
- Author
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Quanyou Zhang, Huijun Yang, J.W. Qiao, X. Jin, and X. H. Shi
- Subjects
History ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,High entropy alloys ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanoindentation ,Cubic crystal system ,Scale factor ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Solid solution strengthening ,Mechanics of Materials ,Indentation ,General Materials Science ,Business and International Management ,Composite material ,Dislocation ,Saturation (magnetic) - Abstract
For the application of nanoindentation on the nanoscale, the dislocation behavior affected by solid solution strengthening can be described microscopically, which contributes to comprehend the peculiarity of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). This study is to provide deeper insights into the dislocation motion within the plastic zone and reveal the material dependence of the plastic zone variation in multi-principal alloys through designed nanoindentation linear tests performed on face-centered cubic Ni, CoNi, CoCrNi, and FeCoCrNi metals and alloys. Indentation tests at various depths further confirmed that the scale factor, f , which was proposed to modify the Nix-Gao model, is governed by the material category. From this, a connection is established between f and pertinent parameters of dislocation activation process and distribution characteristics. As for the dislocation activation, the activation volume and theoretical strength are considered, and then the lattice distortion and strain gradient determine the dislocation distribution feature. Regarding the critical strengthening of adjacent indentations, a critical scale factor f eff of the strengthening boundary is defined, which is proportional to the indentation depth, and a large f eff is preferred for high-strength multi-principal HEAs and /or medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). Combining the f and the f eff of the four metals and alloys, a model describing the evolution of the indentation plastic zone is established, in which the plastic zone include three parts. For the inconsonant trends of f and f eff , a dislocation saturation zone is suggested to existing in the plastic zone. The Gradient plastic zone model proposed here graphically depicts the dislocations motion, as well as its reinforcement effect. Futhermore, this model lends credence to modify the framework which describes the mechanical response of materials under nanoindentation.
- Published
- 2022
27. Investigation of normal, lateral, and oblique impact of microscale projectiles into unidirectional glass/epoxy composites
- Author
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Isabel G. Catugas, Bazle Z. (Gama) Haque, John W. Gillespie, and Christopher S. Meyer
- Subjects
Materials science ,Projectile ,Mechanical Engineering ,Work (physics) ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Oblique case ,Epoxy ,Composite laminates ,visual_art ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Resistance force ,Impact ,Composite material ,Microscale chemistry - Abstract
Spacesuits and spacecraft must endure high velocity impacts from micrometeoroids. This work considers the impact of 100 μm diameter projectiles into composite targets at velocities from 0.5 km/s to 2 km/s. This work begins by presenting an energy-based theoretical model relating depth of penetration (DoP) and impact force to impact velocity, characteristic time, and threshold velocity and force. Next, this work compares numerical simulations of normal impact on composites to the theoretical model. Numerical simulations are conducted with LS-DYNA and the well-known composite model, MAT-162. The numerical models consider unidirectional S2-glass fiber reinforced SC-15 epoxy composite laminates. The numerical model shows good correlation with the theoretical model. The numerical model also investigates lateral impact, parallel to the fiber direction, and oblique impact at angles from 30° to 82.5°. This work decomposes oblique impact into normal and lateral components, and compares them with normal and lateral impact results. The results show good correlation of the normal component of oblique results with the theoretical model. This numerical and theoretical study focuses on DoP, velocity, and penetration resistance force as functions of time. The theoretical model and numerical simulations are used to determine new DoP parameters: characteristic time of depth of penetration and threshold impact velocity. These models are a first step in developing the capability to predict DoP for oblique, microscale, high-speed impact on composite materials.
- Published
- 2022
28. Comprehensive experimental investigation on drilling multi-material carbon fiber reinforced aluminium laminates
- Author
-
Gururaj Bolar, N.H. Padmaraj, and Advith K. Sridhar
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Machinability ,General Engineering ,Drilling ,Thrust ,Epoxy ,Surface finish ,Catalysis ,Machining ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Surface roughness ,Fiber ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The amalgamation of metallic alloys and fiber-reinforced composites has helped Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) like Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates (CARALL) and Glass laminate aluminum reinforced epoxy (GLARE) overcome the limitations of standalone metals and composites. As a result, they have found increasing applications in the aircraft and defense industries. Moreover, the inhomogeneous nature and poor machinability of the materials make hole drilling a challenging task. Therefore, to enhance drilling performance, the paper reports a systematic analysis on the effect of spindle speed and axial feed on key performance measures, including thrust force, machining temperature, surface roughness, hole size, burr size, and chip morphology. Experimental outcomes indicate a significant reduction in the thrust force while utilizing higher spindle speed (4000 rev/min) and lower axial feed (0.1 mm/rev), while the surface finish improved under high feed conditions (0.4 mm/rev). The analysis revealed that machining temperature increased with the employment of higher spindle speed and lower axial feed. Higher spindle speeds and axial feeds are desirable from the perspective of hole accuracy as they help produce holes within H9 diameter tolerance. Burr size was verified to be larger at the hole exit compared to hole entry, with the size of the burr increasing with an increase in spindle speed and axial feed. The results show that the axial feed was the significant variable affecting chip size followed by spindle speed. Higher axial feed (0.4 mm/rev) and spindle speed (4000 rev/min) helped improve the chip breakability, thus helping in better chip evacuation.
- Published
- 2022
29. Evaluation of Surface Damage of Pd Using Cross-Sectional Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis
- Author
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Naoya Miyauchi, Hideki Katayama, Yoshiharu Murase, and Akiko N. Itakura
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Palladium ,Electron backscatter diffraction - Published
- 2022
30. Kevlar fabric reinforced polybenzoxazine composites filled with silane treated microcrystalline cellulose in the interlayers: The next generation of multi-layered armor panels
- Author
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Wissam Bessa, Djalal Trache, Mehdi Derradji, and Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Kevlar ,Dynamic mechanical analysis ,Silane ,Microcrystalline cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Flexural strength ,Composite plate ,Ceramics and Composites ,Composite material ,Hybrid material - Abstract
The design of astonishing combinations of benzoxazine resins with various fillers is nowadays of great interest for high quality products, especially in ballistic armors. The objective of this study is to investigate a new hybrid material prepared as multi-layered composite plate by hand lay-up technique. Different composites were manufactured from Kevlar fabrics reinforced polybenzoxazine, which was filled with silane treated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC Si) at various amounts in the interlayers. The developed materials were tested for their flexural, dynamic mechanical and ballistic performance. The aim was to highlight the effect of adding different amounts of MCC Si on the behavior of the different plates. Compared to the baseline, the dynamic mechanical and bending tests revealed an obvious decrease of the glass transition of 21 °C and a notable increase in storage modulus and flexural strength of about 180 %and17%, respectively, upon adding 1% MMC Si as filler. Similarly, the ballistic test exhibited an enhancement in kinetic energy absorption for which the composite supplemented with 1% MCC Si had the maximal energy absorption of 166.60 J. These results indicated that the developed panels, with interesting mechanical and ballistic features, are suitable to be employed as raw materials to produce body armor.
- Published
- 2022
31. Leakage and wear characteristics of carbon seals for aero-engines
- Author
-
Junqiang Zhu, Xingen Lu, Guoqing Li, Zhong Kang, Shen Zhang, and Yanfeng Zhang
- Subjects
Overall pressure ratio ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Test rig ,Aerospace Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Seal (mechanical) ,Durability ,Running time ,chemistry ,Inner diameter ,Composite material ,Carbon ,Leakage (electronics) - Abstract
Experimental investigation has been performed to study the leakage and wear characteristics of carbon seal working at high circumferential speed. To expand the scope of application, two newly designed carbon seals were compared: #1 Carbon Seal (CS1) with the inner diameter of 136 mm and including 4 segments, #2 Carbon Seal (CS2) with the inner diameter of 212 mm and including 6 segments. Air leakage tests were firstly conducted in the Medium-speed Seal Test Rig. The pressure ratio changed from 1.04 to 2.02 with the rotating speed varying from 0 to 18300 r/min. Of paramount concern was the durability test, including 300 h running time accumulated by three different working conditions, which was separately implemented on each carbon seal. The morphology variation of the friction surface, wear and leakage were recorded. Results indicated that the leakage monotonously increases with the pressure ratio and decreases with the rotating speed. Comparing with CS1, more typical features exist on the friction surface of CS2, which are generated by more severe wear. Continually, leakage characteristics deteriorate. Furthermore, fitted formula has been educed for the life prediction of carbon seal, which could provide some supports for aero-engine design.
- Published
- 2022
32. Application of Molecular Dynamics Calculations to Elucidation of the Mechanism of Hydrogen-Induced Crack Initiation in Fracture Toughness Tests Using Tempered Martensitic Steels
- Author
-
Kazuki Matsubara
- Subjects
Materials science ,Hydrogen ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Molecular dynamics ,Fracture toughness ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Martensite ,Crack initiation ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Composite material ,Mechanism (sociology) - Published
- 2022
33. Effect of extrusion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-alloyed Mg−2Zn−0.8Sr−0.2Ca matrix composite reinforced by TiC nano-particles
- Author
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Jungang Han, Zedong Wang, Nie Kaibo, and Kunkun Deng
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Metals and Alloys ,Nanoparticle ,Magnesium matrix composite ,Microstructure ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,Extrusion ,Texture (crystalline) ,Composite material - Published
- 2022
34. Effect of heat treatment temperature of the glaze lager on the structure and the formaldehyde removal performance of an interior wall tile
- Author
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Yingrui Huang, Lu Pan, Ru-qin Gao, Xinmei Hou, Bingtao Liu, Guo-ting Li, and Enhui Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,visual_art ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Formaldehyde ,Tile ,Composite material - Published
- 2022
35. Effect of chromium interlayer thickness on interfacial thermal conductance across copper/diamond interface
- Author
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Xiaoyan Liu, Fangyuan Sun, Wei Wang, Jie Zhao, Luhua Wang, Zhanxun Che, Guangzhu Bai, Xitao Wang, Jinguo Wang, Moon J. Kim, and Hailong Zhang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Interface (computing) ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Diamond ,Time-domain thermoreflectance ,engineering.material ,Copper ,Chromium ,Thermal conductivity ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Sputtering ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Composite material - Published
- 2022
36. A plastic strain energy method exploration between machined surface integrity evolution and torsion fatigue behaviour of low alloy steel
- Author
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Ci Song, Yifan Bai, Wang Yong, Liu Yang, Hongtao Chen, Xibin Wang, Pai Wang, Liu Shuyao, Zhibing Liu, and Sitao Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Carbon steel ,Mechanical Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering ,Strain energy density function ,engineering.material ,Strain energy ,Machining ,Residual stress ,engineering ,Surface roughness ,Process optimization ,Composite material ,Surface integrity - Abstract
To explore the evolution mechanism of multistage machining processes and torsional fatigue behaviour based on strain energy for the first time and provide process optimization of axis parts of low-alloy medium-carbon steel for service performance, four multistage machining processes were applied to the 45CrNiMoVA steel, including the rough turning process (RT), RT + the finish turning process (FRT), FRT+ the grinding process (GFRT) and RT+ the finish turning process on dry cutting condition (FRT0). The result showed that the FRT process’s average low-cycle torsional fatigue life increased by 50% when it evolved from the RT process. The lower surface roughness of Ra 1.3 μm caused the total strain energy to increase by 163.8 Pa mm/mm instead of the unchanged strain energy density, and the crack feature evolved from some specific bulges to flat shear plane characteristics. When the GFRT process evolved from the FRT process, its average fatigue life increased by 1.45 times, compared with the RT process. Plastic strain amplitude decreased by 21%, and the strain energy density decreased by 4% due to more considerable compressive residual stress (-249 MPa). Plastic deformation layer depth had a consistent tendency with surface roughness. In this paper, surface integrity evolutions on cyclic characteristics and fatigue behaviour have also been explained. A fatigue life prediction model based on the energy method for machined surface integrity is proposed.
- Published
- 2022
37. Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/ aramid woven laminates
- Author
-
Fuchi Wang, An Rui, Yangwei Wang, Jia-wei Bao, and Huanwu Cheng
- Subjects
Specific modulus ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Perforation (oil well) ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Epoxy ,Aramid ,Flexural strength ,visual_art ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Ceramics and Composites ,Shear strength ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Fiber ,Composite material - Abstract
High-performance ballistic fibers, such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density, high tensile strength and high specific modulus. However, their low modulus in the thickness direction and insufficient shear strength limits their application in certain ballistic structure. In contrast, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (CFRP) have the characteristics of high modulus in the thickness direction and high shear resistance. However, carbon fibers are rarely used and applied for protection purposes. A hybridization with aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (AFRP) and CFRP has the potential to improve the stiffness and the ballistic property of the typical ballistic fiber composites. The hybrid effects on the flexural property and ballistic performance of the hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were investigated. Through conducting mechanical property tests and ballistic tests, two sets of reliable simulation parameters for AFRP and CFRP were established using LS-DYNA software, respectively. The experimental results suggested that by increasing the content of CFRP that the flexural properties of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were enhanced. The ballistic tests’ results and the simulation illustrated that the specific energy absorption by the perforation method of CFRP achieved 77.7% of AFRP. When CFRP was on the striking face, the shear resistance of the laminates and the resistance force to the projectiles was promoted at the initial penetration stage. The proportion of fiber tensile failures in the AFRP layers was also enhanced with the addition of CFRP during the penetration process. These improvements resulted in the ballistic performance of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates was better than AFRP when the CFRP content was 20 wt% and 30 wt%.
- Published
- 2022
38. Burning characteristics of high density foamed GAP/CL-20 propellants
- Author
-
Manman Li, Rui Hu, Minghui Xu, Qiong-lin Wang, and Wei-tao Yang
- Subjects
Propellant ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Combustion ,Isocyanate ,Casting ,Adiabatic flame temperature ,Chamber pressure ,Muzzle velocity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Composite material ,Porosity - Abstract
The monolithic foamed propellants with high densities were prepared by casting and two-step foaming processes. Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and isocyanate were used as the binder system and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20) was employed as the energetic component. The newly designed formulation containing 60 % CL-20 produced a force constant of 1077 J/g and low flame temperature of 2817 K. Two foamed propellants with densities of 1.32 g/cm3 and 1.53 g/cm3 were fabricated by a confined foaming process and examined by closed bomb tests. The results revealed that porosity significantly affects burning performance. A size effect on combustion behaviors was observed for the foamed propellant with 5.56 % porosity, and a double-hump progressive dynamic vivacity curve was obtained. At last, the 30 mm gun test was carried out to demonstrate the interior ballistic performance, and the muzzle velocity increased by 120 m/s at the same maximum chamber pressure when monolithic propellant was added in the charge.
- Published
- 2022
39. Explosion temperature mapping of emulsion explosives containing TiH2 powders with the two-color pyrometer technique
- Author
-
Yuan Chen, Quan Wang, Yu-Le Yao, Yu Xia, Qi-Wei Zhang, Cheng Yangfan, and Fang-Fang Hu
- Subjects
Shock wave ,Materials science ,Explosive material ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Transient temperature ,law.invention ,Emulsion explosive ,law ,Emulsion ,Ceramics and Composites ,Composite material ,Air blast ,Temperature mapping ,Pyrometer - Abstract
In the study, the two-color pyrometer technique was used to measure the transient temperature field of emulsion explosives with different contents of TiH2 powders. The experimental results showed that the introduction of TiH2 powders could significantly increase the explosion temperature and fireball duration of emulsion explosive. When emulsion explosives were ignited, the average explosion temperature of pure emulsion explosive continuously decreased while emulsion explosives added with TiH2 powders increased at first and then decreased. When the content of TiH2 powders was 6 mass%, the explosion average temperature reached its maximum value of 3095 K, increasing by 43.7% as compared with that of pure emulsion explosive. In addition, the results of air blast experiment and explosion heat test showed that the variation trends of shock wave parameters, explosion heat and theoretical explosion temperature of emulsion explosives with different contents of TiH2 powders were basically consistent with that of explosion temperature measured by the two-color pyrometer technique. In conclusion, the two-color pyrometer technique would be conducive to the formula design of emulsion explosive by understanding the explosion temperature characteristics.
- Published
- 2022
40. Fretting wear behaviour of machined layer of nickel-based superalloy produced by creep-feed profile grinding
- Author
-
Biao Zhao, Xuebing Wen, Yanjun Zhao, Qing Miao, Weijie Kuang, Wenfeng Ding, and Shaopeng Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Turbine blade ,Mechanical Engineering ,Abrasive ,Delamination ,Aerospace Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Polishing ,Fretting ,law.invention ,Grinding ,Superalloy ,Nickel ,chemistry ,law ,Composite material ,human activities - Abstract
Fretting wear has an adverse impact on the fatigue life of turbine blade roots. The current work is to comparatively investigate the fretting wear behaviour of the nickel-based superalloy surfaces produced by polishing and creep-feed profile grinding, respectively, in terms of surface/subsurface fretting damage, the friction coefficient, wear volume and wear rate. Experimental results show that the granulated tribolayer aggravates the workpiece wear, while the flat compacted tribolayer enhances the wear resistance ability of workpiece, irrespective of whether the workpiece is processed by polishing or grinding. However, the wear behaviors of tribolayers are different. For the polished surface, when the normal load exceeds 100 N, the main defects are crack, rupture, delamination and peeling of workpiece materials; the wear mechanism changes from severe oxidative wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear when the loads increase from 50 to 180 N. As for the ground surface, the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear. Particularly, the ground surface possesses better wear-resistant ability than the polished surface because the former has the lower values in coefficient friction (0.23), wear volume (0.06×106 μm3) and wear rate (0.25×10-16 Pa-1). Finally, an illustration is given to characterize the evolution of wear debris on such nickel-based superalloy on the ground surface.
- Published
- 2022
41. Ablation characteristics of insulator under high-temperature gas dual-pulse erosion
- Author
-
Yang Liu, Xiao-cong Li, Kun Xi, and Peng-fei Zhu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Internal flow ,business.industry ,Scanning electron microscope ,Mechanical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Insulator (electricity) ,Ablation ,Pulse (physics) ,Thermal insulation ,Ceramics and Composites ,medicine ,Combustor ,Composite material ,Solid-fuel rocket ,business - Abstract
This study numerically simulated and investigated the flow field characteristics of a typical dual-pulse solid rocket motor with a soft pulse separation device through thermal insulation ablation under high-temperature dual-pulse erosion. The ablation rate of ethylene -propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) insulator was measured after the experiment. Experimental results were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. The ablation mechanism of the EPDM insulator under the operation conditions of a dual-pulse solid rocket motor was evaluated by analyzing the results. The results reveal that the internal flow field of the motor with a soft pulse separation device is uniform. The original charred layer existing on the EPDM insulator surface in the first pulse combustor is the decisive factor affecting the final ablation rate of the dual-pulse motor during the second pulse operation, and the ablation characteristic region is easily formed with the exfoliation of the charred layer. The ablation rate difference of the insulator increases with gas velocity.
- Published
- 2022
42. Mechanical and microstructural evaluation of aluminium matrix composite reinforced with wood particles
- Author
-
Olatunji P. Abolusoro, P.O. Omoniyi, Olalekan Olorunpomi, S.E. Ibitoye, and A. S. Adekunle
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metal matrix composite ,Composite number ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Izod impact strength test ,02 engineering and technology ,Microstructure ,Catalysis ,chemistry ,Casting (metalworking) ,Aluminium ,021105 building & construction ,Ultimate tensile strength ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Particle ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Aluminium-wood particle composites were formed by casting method. Different weight fractions of wood particle as reinforcement to the Aluminium alloys were used to produce the composites. The physical and mechanical properties such as density, impact strength, tensile strength, hardness and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that the density decreases with the percentage increase in reinforcement. Also, a significant enhancement in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the composite compared to that of pure aluminium was achieved. The maximum UTS of the Aluminium -wood composite is 97.69 MPa and occurred at 20%wt wood particulate addition reinforcement while that of the unreinforced Aluminium is 40.189 MPa. The impact energy varies from 47.00 J to 89.00 J with a maximum value at 10%wt wood particulate addition while the hardness varies from 52.33BHN to 62BHN with a maximum value at 10%wt. All the mechanical behaviours investigated in the study generally showed that the Aluminium -wood composite exhibited better mechanical properties than the pure Aluminium. The microstructure examination revealed that the wood particles were uniformly distributed in the metal matrix composite.
- Published
- 2022
43. Analysis on damage characteristics and detonation performance of solid rocket engine charge subjected to jet
- Author
-
Hong-Ying Du, Song-lin Pang, Ge-tu Zhaori, Jin-sheng Xu, and Xiong Chen
- Subjects
Propellant ,Jet (fluid) ,Shaped charge ,Materials science ,Armour ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Detonation ,Overpressure ,Ceramics and Composites ,TNT equivalent ,Solid-fuel rocket ,Composite material - Abstract
To further explore the damage characteristics and impact response of the shaped charge to the solid rocket engine (SRE) in storage or transportation, protective armor was designed and the shelled charges model (SCM)/SRE with protective armor impacting by shaped charge tests were conducted. Air overpressures at 5 locations and axial acceleration caused by the explosion were measured, and the experimental results were compared with two air overpressure curves of propellant detonation obtained by related scholars. Afterwards, the finite element software AUTODYN was used to simulate the SCM impacted process and SRE detonation results. The penetration process and the formation cause of damage were analyzed. The detonation performance of TNT, reference propellant, and the propellant used in this experiment was compared. The axial acceleration caused by the explosion was also analyzed. By comprehensive comparison, the energy released by the detonation of this propellant is larger, and the HMX or Al particles contained in this propellant are more than the reference propellant, with a TNT equivalent of 1.168–1.196. Finally, advanced protection armor suggestions were proposed based on the theory of woven fabric rubber composite armor (WFRCA).
- Published
- 2022
44. Experimental and statistical evaluation of rheological properties of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag
- Author
-
Aseel Madallah Mohammed, Abdulkader Ismail Al-Hadithi, and Diler Sabah Asaad
- Subjects
Slump flow ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,Superplasticizer ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,law.invention ,Portland cement ,Compressive strength ,Rheology ,law ,Ground granulated blast-furnace slag ,Fly ash ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Statistical analysis ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
This study examines an attempt to produce self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (S) and both (FA + S). The effects of these materials on the rheological properties of the SCC mixes were studied experimentally. The study began with three groups of SCCs, each with 25% water binder (w/b) and 550 kg/m3 total binder content. Instead of superplasticizers (SP), the chemical admixtures were lignosulphonates (LS), which replaced Portland cement (PC) at levels by weight of 10%, 20%, 30% 40%, 50%, and 60%. The fresh properties of the mixtures were examined experimentally for slump flow diameter, T50 time, V-funnel time, and L-box height ratio. In the mixtures with FA alone, a continuous decrease was observed in compressive strength. Increases in strength ended at 40% in the case of FA alone, and 30% for both the S and FA + S mixes. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the effect of experimentally substituted materials FA and S, with results showing that S had a greater influence than FA on T50 time, V-funnel, L-box height ratio, and compressive strength, while FA had more effect than S on the slump flow diameter test.
- Published
- 2022
45. Microcrack- and microvoid-related impact damage and ignition responses for HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives at high temperature
- Author
-
Hai-jiao Xue, Yi Wu, Kun Yang, and Yanqing Wu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Explosive material ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Polymer ,Compression (physics) ,Sensitivity (explosives) ,law.invention ,Ignition system ,chemistry ,law ,Thermal ,Threshold velocity ,Ceramics and Composites ,Composite material ,Deformation (engineering) - Abstract
Investigating the damage and ignition behaviors of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) under a coupled impact and high-temperature loading condition is required for the safe use of charged PBXs. An improved combined microcrack and microvoid model (CMM) was developed for better describing the thermal effects of deformation, damage, and ignition responses of PBXs. The main features of the model under typical dynamic loadings (i.e. uniaxial tension and compression, and lateral confinement) at different initial temperature were first studied. And then the effects of temperature on impact-shear sensitivity of HMX-based PBXs were investigated. The results showed that the ignition threshold velocity of shear-crack hotspots exhibits an increase from 260 to 270 to 315–325 m/s when initial temperature increases from 301 to 348 K; and then the threshold velocity decreases to 290–300 m/s with the initial temperature continually increasing to 378 K. The predicted ignition threshold velocity level of the explosives under coupled impact and high temperature loading conditions were consistent with the experimental data.
- Published
- 2022
46. Damage analysis of POZD coated square reinforced concrete slab under contact blast
- Author
-
Gao Weiliang, Wei Wang, Jian-hui Wang, Qing Huo, Jian-chao Yang, and Xing Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Toughness ,Materials science ,Computer simulation ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Polymer ,engineering.material ,Spall ,Corrosion ,chemistry ,Coating ,Ceramics and Composites ,Slab ,engineering ,TNT equivalent ,Composite material - Abstract
High efficiency, environmental protection and sustainability have become the main theme of the development of the protection engineering, requiring that the components not only meet the basic functions, but also have chemical properties such as acid and alkali corrosion resistance and aging resistance. Polyisocyanate-oxazodone (POZD) polymer has the above characteristics, it also has the advantages of strong toughness, high strength and high elongation. The concrete slab sprayed with POZD material has excellent anti-blast performance. In order to explore the damage characteristics of POZD sprayed concrete slabs under the action of contact explosion thoroughly, the contact explosion test of POZD concrete slabs with different charges were carried out. On the basis of experimental verification, numerical simulation were used to study the influence of the thickness of the POZD on the blast resistance of the concrete slab. According to the test and numerical simulation results that as the thickness of the coating increases, the anti-blast performance of the concrete slab gradually increases, and the TNT equivalent required for critical failure is larger. Based on the above analysis, empirical expressions on normalized crater diameter, the normalized spall diameter and normalized spall diameter are obtained.
- Published
- 2022
47. Thermal hazard assessment of TKX-50-based melt-cast explosive
- Author
-
Xiao Ma, Qinghai Shu, Jian Ruan, Kun Chen, Shusen Chen, Fenglei Huang, Junfeng Wang, and Shaohua Jin
- Subjects
Materials science ,Explosive material ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,dnaN ,Hazard analysis ,Sensitivity (explosives) ,Calorimeter ,Thermal ,Ceramics and Composites ,Thermal stability ,Composite material ,Adiabatic process - Abstract
In the present study, thermal hazards of TNT and DNAN used as the molten binder in TKX-50-based melt-cast explosives were comparatively studied through accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and Cook-off experiments. Two kinds of ARC operation modes were performed to investigate the thermal safety performance under adiabatic conditions (HWS mode) and constant heating (CHR mode). The obtained results demonstrated that at both heating modes, DNAN/TKX-50 outperformed TNT/TKX-50 from the thermal safety point of view. However, the sensitivity to heat of the samples was reverse because of the different heating modes. In addition, the results of thermal hazard assessment obtained from the cook-off experiment complied with ARC analysis which indicated the molten binder TNT replaced by DNAN would reduce the hazard of the TKX-50 melt cast explosive. Furthermore, the results of cook-off experiments also showed that DNAN/TKX-50 outperformed TNT/TKX-50 from the aspect of thermal stability, which was consistent with the result of CHR mode because of the similar heating process.
- Published
- 2022
48. Enhancing the formability of FeSi6.5 steel by the anodic polarization
- Author
-
Dong Zhao, Emmanuel M. Gutman, Roni Z. Shneck, Feng Ye, Binbin Liu, Yaakov B. Unigovski, and Haoyang Du
- Subjects
Materials science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Formability ,Composite material ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Anode - Published
- 2022
49. Experimental study on WFeNiMo high-entropy alloy projectile penetrating semi-infinite steel target
- Author
-
Wei Xiong, Meng-ting Tan, Chuang Liu, Xianfeng Zhang, Lanhong Dai, and Haihua Chen
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Semi-infinite ,Projectile ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Penetration (firestop) ,engineering.material ,Tungsten ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Shear (sheet metal) ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Ceramics and Composites ,engineering ,Composite material ,Nuclear Experiment ,Ductility - Abstract
The appearance of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) makes it possible for a material to possess both high strength and high ductility. It is with great potential to apply HEAs under extreme conditions such as in the penetration process. In this paper, experiments of WFeNiMo HEA and tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) projectiles penetrating medium-carbon steel were conducted by using the ballistic gun and two-stage light-gas gun that can accelerate projectiles to impact velocities ranging from 1162 m/s to 2130 m/s. Depth of penetration (DOP) at elevated impact velocities of HEA and WHA projectiles were obtained firstly. Combined with the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the residual projectiles, the transition of the penetration mode of the WFeNiMo HEA projectile was identified systemically. The experimental results indicated that the penetration mode of the HEA projectile changes from self-sharpening to mushrooming with the increase of impact velocity, while for the WHA projectile, the penetration mode is always mushrooming. The microstructure of the residual HEA projectiles showed that the phases tangle with each other and the morphology of the microstructure of the phases differs in the two penetration modes. Besides, the evolution of shear bands and fractures varies in the two modes. The evolution of the microstructure of HEAs causes the sharp-pointed nose to disappear and the HEA projectile ultimately becomes blunt as the impact velocity increases.
- Published
- 2022
50. Damage characteristics of YAG transparent ceramics under different loading conditions
- Author
-
Kuo Bao, Bing-qiang Luo, Jia-jie Deng, Xianfeng Zhang, Gui-ji Wang, Meng-ting Tan, Tao Chong, and Dan Han
- Subjects
Materials science ,Tension (physics) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Computational Mechanics ,Transgranular fracture ,Spall ,Compression (physics) ,Shock (mechanics) ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Ceramics and Composites ,Fracture (geology) ,Shear stress ,Composite material - Abstract
YAG (Y3Al5O12) transparent ceramics have attractive application prospects for transparent armor protection modules because of their excellent light transmittance and anti-ballistic capability. Understanding the fracture behavior and damage mechanism of YAG is necessary for armor design. To explore the damage characteristics of YAG under compression and tension, shock compression and shockless spalling experiments with soft recovery technique are conducted. The spall strength of YAG is obtained and the recovered samples are observed by CT and SEM. It is shown that the macroscopic damage characteristic of YAG under compression is vertical split cracks with oblique fine cracks distributed in the entire sample, while that under tension is horizontal transgranular cracks concentrated near the main spall surface. The cracks generated by macroscopic compression, tension and shear stress extend in similar tensile form at the microscale. The proportion of transgranular fractures on spall surfaces is higher than that of cracks induced by macroscopic compression. Meanwhile, higher loading rate and longer loading duration increase the transgranular fracture percentage.
- Published
- 2022
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