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Objective: We retrospectively analyze the potential risk factors and perinatal outcomes of the pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), in order to provide evidence for prevention and treatment. Methods: Totally there were 47, 118 pregnant women who accepted diabetes detection during pregnancy in Tianjin region from January 2014 to June 2014, including 3 650 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM group) and 43 468 women without GDM (non-GDM group). Related variables of the two groups were compared by using statistical methods. Results: Significant difference was found between GDM group and non-GDM group in age, education, and pre-pregnant overweight/obesity status (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that old age, city registration, high education, large pre-pregnancy BMI and multiple gestations were risk factors for GDM. Women with GDM have significantly high incidence of cesarean delivery, premature delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, low birth weight than women with non-GDM (P<0.01). Conclusions: Varieties of factors would affect the incidence of GDM. More attention should be paid on risk factors. Strengthening management of pregnant women with GDM will reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]