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Resumo Plantas de eucalipto são sensíveis à interferência imposta pela comunidade infestante, principalmente durante o crescimento inicial, período que compreende o primeiro ano após a instalação da cultura. Sendo assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de densidades crescentes de Commelina benghalensis L. (trapoeraba) sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis Hill (ex Maiden) em duas estações do ano (inverno e verão). Foram realizados dois experimentos, um no inverno (durante 90 dias) e outro no verão (durante 120 dias), em área aberta, semicontrolada, em caixas de 70 L. Para ambos os experimentos utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e os tratamentos consistiram de densidades crescentes de trapoeraba: 0 (testemunha), 4, 8, 16, 20, 28, 36, 40, 60 e 80 plantas m-2. Quinze dias após o plantio das mudas de trapoeraba, foi plantada uma muda de eucalipto no centro de cada caixa. Ao final dos períodos experimentais, foram avaliados a altura, o diâmetro, a área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea do eucalipto. Observou-se que a partir de 4 plantas m-2 já houve interferência negativa no crescimento do eucalipto, com reduções de 38,4% na área foliar e 35% na massa seca, no inverno; e reduções de 52,9% na área foliar e 64,7% na massa seca, no período de verão. Conclui-se que a partir da densidade de 4 plantas m-2 há interferência no crescimento do eucalipto e que, no período de verão, a planta daninha apresenta comportamento competitivo mais agressivo, causando maior interferência nas plantas de eucalipto. Abstract Eucalyptus seedlings are sensitive to the interference imposed by weed community, especially during the initial growth period, which is the first year after crop establishment. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of increasing densities of Commelina benghalensis L. on the initial growth of Eucalyptus grandis Hill (ex Maiden) plants at two seasons of the year. For this, two experiments were carried out using 70 L boxes in an open and semi-controlled area: one in winter (during 90 days) and another in summer (during 120 days). Both experiments were randomized block designs with four replicates each. The treatments consisted of increasing densities of tropical spiderwort, namely: 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, 20, 28, 36, 40, 60 and 80 plants m-2. Fifteen days after planting the tropical spiderwort seedlings, one seedling of eucalyptus was planted in the center of each box. The height, diameter, leaf area and total dry mass of eucalyptus were evaluated at the end of the experimental periods. Densities from 4 plants m-2 negatively interfered with eucalyptus growth, reducing by 38.4% the leaf area and 35% the dry mass in winter. While in summer, we found reductions of 52.9% in the leaf area and 64.7% in the dry mass. We concluded that the density from 4 plants m-2 interferes with the growth of eucalyptus and that the weed shows a more aggressive competitive behavior in the summer causing greater interference in the eucalyptus.

Weeds compete with plants for water, light, nutrients and space. In sugarcane, planting pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings (PSS) may mean a change in weed interference and management. The aim of this study was to generate information on the interference of Cyperus rotundus L. in PSS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, one with cultivar RB985476, with seven densities of C. rotundus (0, 17, 35, 70, 140, 280 and 560 plants m-2), and the second with cultivar IACSP95-5000, with four densities of C. rotundus (0, 70, 140 and 280 plants m-2). For this weed, a 2x6 factorial design was used for the experiment with RB985476 and a 2x3 design was used for IACSP95-5000, the first factor being absence and presence of the crop, and the second factor the densities of the species. Biometric evaluations of height, diameter, number of tillers and leaves, leaf area and dry mass were carried out. The PSS had a reduction in height, number of leaves and leaf area in the main till at 60 d after planting (DAP) in RB985476. For the IACSP95-5000 cultivar, there was no reduction in the analyzed variables. The average dry mass per plant of C. rotundus decreased as the density of the species increased in the absence of PSS. Resumen Las malezas compiten con las plantas cultivadas por el agua, la luz, los nutrientes y el espacio. En la caña de azúcar, la siembra con plántulas pre brotadas de caña de azúcar (PPB) puede significar un cambio en la interferencia y el manejo de las malezas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la interferencia de Cyperus rotundus L. en plántulas pre-brotadas (PPB) de caña de azúcar. Se realizaron dos experimentos en invernadero, en diseño completamente al azar, uno con el cultivar RB985476, con siete densidades de C. rotundus (0, 17, 35, 70, 140, 280 y 560 plantas m-2). El segundo con el cultivar IACSP95-5000, con cuatro densidades de C. rotundus (0, 70, 140 y 280 plantas m-2). Para la maleza se adoptó un arreglo factorial de 2x6 para el experimento con RB985476 y 2x3 para IACSP95-5000, con el primer factor siendo la ausencia y presencia de caña de azúcar y el segundo factor las densidades de la especie. Se realizaron evaluaciones de altura, diámetro, número de perfiles y hojas, área foliar y masa seca de la parte aérea. Las PPB tuvieron reducción en altura, número de hojas y área foliar del perfil principal a los 60 días después del plantío en la RB985476. Para la variedad IACSP95-5000, no hubo reducción en las variables analizadas. La masa seca media por planta de C. rotundus se redujo con el aumento de la densidad de la especie en ausencia de PPB.

Presently micropropagation techniques are used a tool forpota toe seed production which guarantees, through anadequate process, healthy seed tubers, and rapid multiplication. In the diploid potato Solanum phureja cultivar «yema de huevo» the multiplication «in vitro» was developed successfully. There fore the following step, the production of explants in greenhouse (prebasic seed), requires the studies to optimize this phase. This work was carried out establish to the density and the type of explants optimum, to develop the production of prebasic seed under greenhouse conditions. The trial was carried out following a completely randomized design, with factorial array (4x3). The first factor was the distance among plants and, the second, the type of explants. The experiment was carried out in the San Jorge Experimental Station greenhoused ofthe ICA to 2800 masl. It was found that a 6 cm distance between plants optimizes the production and a distance of 9 cm between plants, optimizes the multiplication rateo The best type of explants was the lateral steam. En la actualidad, para la producción de semilla de papa, seutiliza, como herramienta, la técnica de micropropagación, lacual garantiza, mediante un adecuado proceso, alta sanidad de los tubérculos semilla y una rápida multiplicación. En la papa diploide Solanum phureja cultivar "Yema de huevo", la multiplicación "in vitro" fue desarrollada exitosamente y, por lo tanto, el paso siguiente, la producción de esquejes en casa de malla (semilla prebásica) requiere de los estudios necesarios para optimizar esta fase. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer la densidad y el tipo de esqueje óptimos para desarrollar la producción de semilla prebásica en condiciones de casa malla. La investigación se realizó bajo un diseño completamente al azar, con arrreglo factorial (2x4), siendo el primer factor la distancia entre plantas y, el segundo, el tipo de explante utilizado. El experimento se realizó en casa de malla en la Estación San Jorge del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) a 2800 msnm. Se encontró que la distancia de 6 cm entre sitios de transplante optimiza la producción de semilla prebásica y la distancia de 9 cm optimiza la tasa de multiplicación. Los mejores explantes son los esquejes de tallo lateral.