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In the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study, 100 patients who were clinically diagnosed with sarcopenia were assigned to either a home-based exercise group or a control group. The home-based training program included exercises with gradually increasing intensity comprising posture, stretching and upper- and lower-extremity muscle-strengthening exercises, balance and coordination exercises, and gait training. Before and 3 months after the exercise program, all the patients were evaluated. The 6-min walking test and Berg Balance Scale scores increased significantly after 3 months in the home-based exercise group compared with the controls. There was also a significant decrease in timed up and go test scores and a significant improvement in quality of life in the exercise group compared with the control group. Our findings indicated that a home-based exercise program can have a positive effect on physical function, balance, and quality of life in patients with sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The team developed the newly compiled eight methods and five steps of Tai Chi (EMFSTC), which includes introductory routines to Tai Chi characterized by simple structures. This study examined the effectiveness of EMFSTC practice on balance control. A total of 31 participants were randomly assigned to EMFSTC (n = 15, age = 66.4 ± 1.7 years, received 16-week EMFSTC practice) or control (n = 16, age = 66.7 ± 1.8 years, received no practice) groups. Significant group by training interactions were observed. After EMFSTC practice, balance control improved, as indicated by decreased root mean square and mean velocity of center of pressure, proprioception threshold during knee extension, and plantar tactile sensitivity threshold at the arch. EMFSCT can be an effective rehabilitation modality to improve balance control among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review all in vitro studies focusing on the durability of different bonding protocols applied to zirconia restorations with different types of tooth or implant abutments.Materials and Methods: English-language articles published in dental journals up to March 2020 were searched using a combination of free text words and MeSH terms, as follows: zirconia; Y-TZP; zirconium; zirconia restoration; enamel; dentin; titanium abutment; titanium base; ceramic abutment; dental core; ceramic or metal post and core; composite build-up; bonding; adhesive cement; resin cement; adhesion; cementation; test; material testing; laboratory; and in vitro. Studies were identified for review based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: A total of 3,339 titles were identified. After a successive filtering process, a final total of 28 studies were included. The included studies featured different types of surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, tooth and implant abutments, laboratory test outcomes, and designs. The relatively limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow for meta-analysis.Conclusions: Zirconia surface pretreatment is an essential step in the bonding protocol. Airborne-particle abrasion surface pretreatment had a positive influence on zirconia resin bonding to most types of tooth and implant abutments identified. Chemically activating the treated zirconia surfaces with an MDP monomer-based primer, along with an MDP monomer or phosphate ester monomer-based resin cement, seems to be a durable bonding protocol. Type of resin cement seems to be a less influential factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: There is a lack of consensus on the best management approach for lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). Recently, scapular stabilizer strength impairments have been found in individuals with LET. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of local therapy (LT) treatment to LT treatment plus a scapular muscle-strengthening (LT + SMS) program in patients diagnosed with LET. Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Setting: Multisite outpatient physical therapy. Patients: Thirty-two individuals with LET who met the criteria were randomized to LT or LT + SMS. Interventions: Both groups received education, a nonarticulating forearm orthosis, therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, and thermal modalities as needed. Additionally, the LT + SMS group received SMS exercises. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome measure was the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation; secondary outcomes included global rating of change (GROC), grip strength, and periscapular muscle strength. Outcomes were reassessed at discharge, 6, and 12 months from discharge. Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the differences between groups over time for each outcome measure. Results: The average duration of symptoms was 10.2 (16.1) months, and the average total number of visits was 8.0 (2.2) for both groups. There were no significant differences in gender, age, average visits, weight, or height between groups at baseline (P >.05). No statistical between-group differences were found for any of the outcome measures. There were significant within-group improvements in all outcome measures from baseline to all follow-up points (P <.05). Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that both treatment approaches were equally effective in reducing pain, improving function, and increasing grip strength at discharge as well as the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Our multimodal treatment programs were effective at reducing pain and improving function up to 1 year after treatment in a general population of individuals with LET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, Efferdent (Prestige Consumer Healthcare), and 6.25% Ricinus communis on biofilm removal and antimicrobial action on dentures and brushes using nonimmersion or immersion protocols for the brushes.Materials and Methods: A total of 45 denture wearers were randomly assigned to a denture immersion protocol for 7 days: 0.85% saline solution for 20 minutes (control); 0.2% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes (SH); Efferdent for 3 minutes; or 6.25% Ricinus communis for 20 minutes (RC). The participants were also randomized to immersion (n = 23) or no immersion (n = 22) of their brushes with their dentures in the same solutions. For biofilm evaluation, the dentures were stained and photographed, and the area of the biofilm was measured using Image Tool 3.0 (University of Texas Health Science Center). To evaluate microbial load on dentures and brushes, the biofilm was collected, and the Candida spp and Streptococcus mutans colonies were counted.Results: The SH, Efferdent, and RC groups showed reduced biofilm and Candida spp on dentures regardless of the immersion protocol for the brushes. However, no difference was found in the Candida spp counts collected from the brushes immersed compared to the brushes not immersed in the solutions. The SH and Efferdent groups showed reduced S mutans on both dentures and brushes, except for in the nonimmersion subgroups.Conclusion: All solutions reduced denture biofilm and microbial load. However, immersion of brushes in the solutions did not contribute to reducing the microbial load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the short-term outcomes of two different conservative preparation designs for posterior zirconia inlay-retained fixed dental prostheses (IRFDPs) and to analyze the marginal integrity of such restorations.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with a missing maxillary first molar participated in this study and were divided randomly into two groups: one that received abutment preparations for inlay retainers (ID group, n = 20), including a proximal box and an occlusal extension, and one that received only proximal box preparations (PB group, n = 10). Zirconia IRFDPs were bonded in position and followed up after 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and then annually. The in situ restorations were duplicated utilizing a single-step putty/wash impression technique at the 2-week and 2-year follow-up visits. Restoration margins were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy, and marginal continuity was calculated as a percentage of the whole margin at the tooth-cement (TC) interface and the zirconia-cement (ZC) interface.Results: After a mean observation period of 26.2 months, all restorations were still in function. The only complication encountered was debonding of restorations; however, they were re-bonded back in place without issue. The cumulative Kaplan-Meier 2-year survival rate for the IRFDPs was 86.6%. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding percentage of continuous margins (P < .05) after 2 years, with the percentage of continuous margins in the ID group at 92.8% and 91.5% at the TC and ZC interfaces, respectively, and in the PB group at 84.1% and 78.6% at the TC and ZC interfaces, respectively.Conclusion: Zirconia-based monolithic IRFDPs can be recommended for short-term replacement of a single maxillary molar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report changes in denture satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients treated with two-implant mandibular overdentures (IODs) over a follow-up of 8 to 10 years.Materials and Methods: This is a follow-up of a previous study carried out between 1997 and 2005. The patients were originally randomly divided into one group receiving IODs and another group who had their conventional mandibular dentures relined (RCD group). The RCD group was offered and received IODs at the 2-year follow-up. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire containing demographics, 15 variables related to denture satisfaction, and 20 questions from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-20). Changes over time were analyzed using multilevel linear models for denture satisfaction and multilevel ordinal regression analyses for OHIP-20 variables. Comparisons between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal and t test for metric data.Results: Disregarding patients who passed away during follow-up, the 29 responders represented a response rate of 76%. The degree of denture satisfaction and the OHIP-20 scores remained high and stable in the IOD group over the 10-year observation period for all but one variable. The same factors showed only a modest improvement in the RCD group for the first 2 years; however, during the subsequent 8 years of the observation period (after receiving IODs), denture satisfaction and OHIP-20 scores improved to the same level as the original IOD group.Conclusion: The positive effect on denture satisfaction and OHRQoL of edentulous patients treated with two-implant mandibular overdentures remained unchanged 8 to 10 years after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of complete dentures (CD) with anatomical and nonanatomical teeth in completely edentulous elderly individuals regarding oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), satisfaction, masticatory performance (MP), need for adjustment after CD placement, and patient preference for occlusal type.Materials and Methods: A randomized crossover clinical trial comprising 50 edentulous elderly individuals was conducted. The participants were divided into two groups: AT-NT (rehabilitated initially with anatomical teeth and 3 months later with nonanatomical teeth) and NT-AT (rehabilitated initially with nonanatomical teeth and 3 months later with anatomical teeth). OHRQoL was analyzed using the OHIP-EDENT; a satisfaction questionnaire was applied; MP was evaluated by the median particle size (×50) after chewing an artificial test food; and the number of adjustments of the prosthesis base was assessed quantitatively.Results: Overall, 34 elderly individuals (mean age: 69 years) were analyzed. No significant difference was observed between CD users with anatomical and nonanatomical teeth for OHRQoL (P = .674), satisfaction (P = .725), MP (P = .849), or number of adjustments (P = .135). Most subjects (52.9%) did not express a preference for any occlusal surface type. However, among those with a preference, the majority (32.4%) opted for nonanatomical teeth.Conclusion: Both posterior tooth types are eligible for oral rehabilitation in elderly users of conventional CDs, as the variables were not influenced by occlusal morphology. However, further studies are warranted in highly resorbed mandibular edges or in cases of adaptation difficulties, as the results may differ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The authors aimed to develop a moral intervention and to determine whether it was more effective in preventing doping than an educational (i.e., knowledge-based) intervention; their primary outcome was doping likelihood, and the secondary outcomes were moral identity, moral disengagement, moral atmosphere, and anticipated guilt.Methods: Eligible athletes (N = 303) in the United Kingdom and Greece took part in the study. The authors randomly assigned 33 clubs to either the moral or the educational intervention. They measured outcomes pre- and postintervention and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.Results: Athletes in both interventions in both countries reported lower doping likelihood and moral disengagement and higher guilt from pre- to postintervention. These effects were maintained at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. There were no effects on moral identity or moral atmosphere.Conclusions: In addition to disseminating information about doping, doping prevention programs should include content that focuses on moral variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the influence of abutment material and configuration on the soft tissue esthetic outcomes of implant-supported single crowns (iSCs) after 3 years.Materials and Methods: An electronic search on MEDLINE (PubMed) from January 2000 to July 2019 was conducted for clinical trials with no language restrictions. The focus question was: In partially edentulous patients with iSCs, does the abutment material (metal vs ceramic) or the configuration (standardized vs customized) have an effect on the soft tissue esthetic outcomes? Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and prospective or retrospective case series with at least 10 patients and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up were included. The esthetic outcomes Pink Esthetic Score (PES), PES/White Esthetic Score (WES; ie, modPES), Papilla Index (PI), soft tissue recession, and papilla height change were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed when applicable.Results: Of the 6,399 titles identified, 27 studies were included. Combined mean PES/modPES scores, translated into a scale of 0 to 100, were 68.8 for ceramic, 74.2 for metal (P = .392), 71.9 for customized, and 71.3 for standard (P = .981) abutments. Mean soft tissue recession was also similar between the abutment groups, abutment material (P = .850), and configuration (P = .849), ranging from -1.09 mm to +0.59 mm gain. Papilla height changes ranged from -1.22 mm to +1.0 mm gain. The reported mean PI was 2.16 for customized, 2.06 for standard (P = .552), 2.01 for ceramic, and 2.28 for metallic (P = .04) abutments.Conclusion: This systematic review showed that the abutment material and configuration had minimal impact on the evaluated soft tissue esthetic outcomes. Future research focusing on the included parameters in a randomized controlled manner is needed to validate the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically evaluate and compare the clinical performance of lithium disilicate (LDS)- and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)-based ceramic monolithic crowns in the posterior dentition.Materials and Methods: Treatment was administered by two experienced general dental practitioners in two public dental health care clinics. Forty-four patients received 60 crowns randomized to be either LDS or ZrO2 and cemented with resin cement. Evaluations were performed after 3 years using California Dental Association criteria.Results: The mean follow-up time was 40 months (range: 31 to 50). No crown fractured during the observation time, and no chip-off fractures occurred. The success rate for ZrO2 was 80%, and the survival rate was 93.3%. For LDS, the success rate was 89.7%, and the survival rate was 100%. Survival after 3 years for all crowns together was 96.6%, and success was 84.7%. There was no significant difference between the two materials.Conclusion: Crowns made of monolithic translucent ZrO2 and LDS show equal and promising clinical results from a short-term perspective. There seems to be a difference between how patients and professionals rate crowns concerning esthetics (color and shape), with patients rating the restorations more favorably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unknown how lifelong digital media users such as young adult women perceive exercise information found online. A total of 141 women aged 18-30 years and residing in Canada were randomized to read either a factually incorrect or a factually correct blog article. Participants completed Go/No-Go tasks to measure automatically activated believability and evaluations and questionnaires to explicitly measure believability, affective evaluations, and intentions to exercise. Participants did not show evidence of automatically activated believability of the content found in either blog article. However, participants reading the factually correct article reported significantly greater explicit disbelief than those reading the factually incorrect article, though this did not predict intentions. Being factually correct may not be an important component of message believability. Exercise professionals need to remain aware of the content of popular online sources of information in an effort to curb misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two experiments, the authors investigated the influence of stress type (i.e., low/no stress, mental, and physical), level (i.e., low, moderate, and high), and Type × Level interaction on intuitive decision frequency, decision quality, and decision speed. Participants were exposed to mental (i.e., color word task, mental arithmetic) and/or physical stress (i.e., running) and then required to make decisions regarding videotaped offensive situations in basketball. Intuitive decision frequency, decision quality, and decision speed were measured for each trial. Study 1 used a between-subjects design whereby 20 participants were randomly assigned to each of the five stress conditions. Results revealed that moderate stress was associated with faster decisions. Study 2 replicated the design and aim of Study 1 using a within-subject methodology (n = 42). Results suggested that moderate stress levels produced better, faster decisions. In conclusion, moderate levels of stress were associated with the most desirable decision outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors performed a clustered randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of an aerobic and a cognitively demanding exercise intervention on executive functions in primary-school-age children compared with the regular physical education program (N = 856). They hypothesized that both exercise interventions would facilitate executive functioning, with stronger effects for the cognitively demanding exercise group. The interventions were provided four times per week for 14 weeks. Linear mixed models were conducted on posttest neurocognitive function measures with baseline level as covariate. No differences were found between the exercise interventions and the control group for any of the measures. Independently of group, dose of moderate to vigorous physical activity was positively related to verbal working memory and attention abilities. This study showed that physical exercise interventions did not enhance executive functioning in children. Exposure to moderate to vigorous physical activity is a crucial aspect of the relationship between physical activity and executive functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A novel anhydrous toothpaste formulation has been developed containing the anti-dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) ingredient stannous fluoride (SnF2).Materials and Methods: This randomised, controlled, examiner-blind, parallel-group, stratified (by baseline Schiff sensitivity score) study compared efficacy of an experimental 'Test' toothpaste (n = 67) containing 0.454% SnF2, 0.072% sodium fluoride and 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (all percentages w/w) with a negative 'Control' 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (n = 68) in relieving DH in healthy Chinese adults. After 4-6 weeks acclimatisation, DH was assessed at baseline and following 4 and 8 weeks' twice-daily brushing by response to evaporative (air) (Schiff sensitivity score) and tactile (Yeaple probe) stimuli. An analysis of covariance model was used (factor: treatment group; covariate: baseline Schiff sensitivity score).Results: Both Test and Control toothpastes statistically significantly reduced Schiff sensitivity score from baseline after 8 weeks' use; the Test toothpaste also statistically significantly reduced the score after 4 weeks' use (all p < 0.001). The Test toothpaste reduction was statistically significantly superior to the Control toothpaste reduction at both timepoints (p < 0.001). Percentage differences in treatment effects between Test and Control groups were 24.1% at 4 weeks and 31.7% at 8 weeks. Tactile threshold scores for both treatments statistically significantly increased from baseline at both timepoints (all p < 0.001); however, there were no statistically significant differences between Test and Control groups. Both toothpastes were well-tolerated with no adverse events reported.Conclusion: The Test toothpaste containing 0.454% SnF2 reduced DH statistically significantly more than the Control as evaluated by the Schiff sensitivity score, but not by tactile threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of a 40% miswak compared to a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients aged 20-55 years who attended the Periodontics Clinics at the College of Dentistry, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq, were allocated into 2 groups to use either 40% miswak mouthwash or 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate Kin Gingival (Laboratorios KIN) twice daily for 2 months. Gingival, bleeding, and plaque indices were assessed.Results: There were statistically significant differences between the effectiveness of miswak and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in terms of gingivitis. The means of gingival, bleeding, and plaque indices using miswak mouthwash were 1.2, 0.4, and 0.53, respectively, i.e. indicating lower effectiveness, than when 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash was used (0.87, 0.43, 0.23, respectively).Conclusion: Miswak mouthwash is a good oral hygiene agent especially for long-term use even if its efficacy is lower than chlorhexidine mouthwash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review addressed flap designs in endodontic surgery which can have an impact on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL).Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify all studies up to November 2019 that investigated the effect of flap designs on gingival recession and quality of life among healthy adults.Results: The initial search identified 2701 references. Ten studies were included in this systematic review; two were randomised clinical trials and eight were non-randomised clinical trials. Studies showed that sulcular incision increases the risk of gingival recession and decreases OHRQoL. Two studies were included in the meta-analysis in relation to gingival recession. The pooled results demonstrated that submarginal incision showed a decreased weighted mean difference in gingival recession by 0.31 mm (95% CI: 0.12 - 0.51) (p = 0.002) compared to sulcular incision.Conclusion: Sulcular incision flap unfavourably affect the level of gingiva and OHRQoL. All nonrandomised studies had a statistically significant bias and the sample sizes in all studies were relatively small. More gingival recession and lower OHRQoL were associated with sulcular incision. Additional investigations are warranted to provide more evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate differences in the performance of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) frameworks vs traditional metal frameworks for removable partial dentures (RPDs) in terms of OHRQoL, patient preference, periodontal indices, and denture satistfaction.Materials and Methods: Twenty-six participants were recruited to a randomized controlled crossover trial and were provided with either PEEK or cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) RPDs. After 4 weeks, the participants were provided with the other RPD. After both 4-week testing periods, the participants chose their preferred RPD and were followed up again at 6 months and 1 year. The primary outcome measure was effect on OHIP-20 score, which was compared among patients using repeated measures ANOVA. Secondary outcomes were participant preference compared using chi-square analysis; Plaque Index and Gingival Bleeding Index (PI and GBI, respectively) compared using repeated measures ANOVA; and McGill Denture Satisfaction Questionnaire (MDSQ) score compared between the two 4-week follow-ups using paired-samples t test.Results: Both Co-Cr and PEEK frameworks resulted in a significant improvement in OHIP-20 score (P < .001), but the material was not a significant factor in changes over 1 year (P = .87). There were no statistically significant differences in participant preference at 1 year (P = .491), nor between RPD materials in their effect on GBI (P = .476), PI (P = .967), or MDSQ (P = .368).Conclusion: Both Co-Cr and PEEK RPDs improved OHRQoL to a degree greater than the minimum clinically important difference at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year compared to baseline. No significant preference or improved denture satisfaction score was seen for either material. PEEK frameworks seem to be associated with similar degrees of periodontal effects as Co-Cr frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This nonrandomized, retrospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate success rates, peri-implant marginal bone loss, and clinical parameters around single implants with and without laser-microgrooved collars placed and loaded using different protocols after 7 to 10 years of function. Materials and Methods: A chart review was used to select patients treated at five private dental clinics with single dental implants with and without laser-microgrooved collars. Cumulative success rates, peri-implant marginal bone loss, probing depth, Plaque Index, bleeding on probing, and gingival recession were recorded at baseline examinations (ie, definitive restoration delivery) and at each year during the follow-up period. Results: Three hundred single implants (140 without laser-microgrooved collars and 160 with 1.7-mm laser-microgrooved collars) in 300 patients were selected. At the completion of the study period, 26 patients and 26 implants (17 with and 9 without a laser-microgrooved collar) were classified as "dropouts." Implants and restorations were categorized into two subgroups each for a total of four study groups: group 1, immediate implant placement; group 2, delayed implant placement; group 3, immediate nonocclusal loading of prostheses; and group 4, delayed loading of prostheses. Nineteen implants (6.9%) failed clinically (4 [2.7%] with and 15 [11.4%] without a laser-microgrooved collar). The difference in cumulative success rates was statistically significant (P < .05). Radiographically, at the end of the follow-up period, the laser-microgrooved group showed a mean peri-implant marginal bone loss of 0.64 mm compared with 1.82 mm for the non-laser-microgrooved group. At the same time point, a mean probing depth of 0.76 mm was observed for the lasermicrogrooved group compared with 2.75 mm for the non-laser-microgrooved group. A statistically significant difference in peri-implant marginal bone loss and probing depth between the two types of implant collars was evident (P < .05). No statistically significant correlation was noted between the types of implant placement/prosthetic restoration and clinical parameters. Conclusion: Implants with a laser-microgrooved collar appear to influence the peri-implant soft and hard tissue stability, reducing the probing depth levels and the peri-implant marginal bone loss by more than 50% after 10 years of function, regardless of the type of implant placement and loading protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) is the most frequent side effect of radiation. Selenium deficiency leads to increased levels of free oxygen radicals and the selenium level tends to fall during radiotherapy. Hence, in this double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial, the effect of selenium was assessed in patients receiving radiation.Materials and Methods: Patients with head and neck cancer who were candidates to receive radiation were instructed to use selenium 200 mcg tablets twice daily. The grade of OM was evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system on a weekly basis. The selenium level was measured at baseline and at the end of the radiation.Results: Seventy-one patients with head and neck cancer (37 in the selenium group, 34 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study. The cumulative incidence of OM (grade 1-4) was 97.3% in the selenium and 100% in placebo group (p value: 0.79), and difference in the mean serum selenium level at the end of radiation was not statistically significant between the two groups (p value 0.24) Conclusion: Selenium supplementation does not appear to affect the selenium level as well as the severity and duration of OM. It is supposed that higher doses may be effective in the prevention of RT-mucositis. This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials accessible at www.irct.ir (ID No. IRCT2014072718612N1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the present randomised controlled trial (RCT), the authors hypothesise that herbal-based oral rinses are as effective as 0.12% chlorhexidine when used as adjuncts to non-surgical mechanical debridement (MD) in the management of peri-implant mucositis. The aim of the present RCT was to compare the efficacy of an herbal oral rinse with a 0.12% chlorhexidine-based oral rinse when used as adjuncts to non-surgical MD in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis.Materials and Methods: Adult patients with peri-implant mucositis were included. Participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups. In group 1, patients only underwent non-surgical MD. In groups 2 and 3, patients underwent non-surgical MD with adjunct rinsing with an herbal- and 0.12% CHX-based oral rinse, respectively. Peri-implant plaque index (PI) and bleeding-on-probing (BOP) and probing-depth (PD) were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Group comparisons were done and p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.Results: Forty-eight patients with peri-implant mucositis (16, 16, and 16 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were included. At baseline, there was no difference in PI, PD, BOP in all groups. In group 1, there was no statistically significant difference in PI and BOP at 6, and 12 weeks of follow-up compared with baseline. In groups 2 and 3, PI (p < 0.01) and BOP (p < 0.01) were statistically significantly higher at baseline than 3, 6, and 12 weeks of follow-up. In group 1, there was no statistically significant difference in PD at all time intervals. In groups 2 and 3, PD was statistically significantly higher at baseline than 3, 6, and 12 weeks of follow-up. In groups 2 and 3, there was no statistically significant difference in PI, BOP and PD at all intervals.Conclusion: Herbal- and 0.12% CHX-based oral rinses are useful adjuncts to MD for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bisphosphonates and non-bisphosphonate antiangiogenic and antiresorptive agents are widely used in the management of bone diseases and cancer. A subset of patients receiving these drugs can manifest with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and it is one of the major complications faced in dental practice. Dentoalveolar and periodontal surgery are the major risk factors associated with it. Therefore, a dentist must have adequate knowledge to promptly identify patients at risk and efficiently manage the condition. This multicentre study was designed with an aim to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding MRONJ among dentists from six dental schools.Methods and Materials: An online self-administered questionnaire was sent to all the dentists from six dental schools through Google forms. The results obtained were statistically analysed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to check for normality of data, while the Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square test were used to compare the responses to each question.Results: The questionnaire was sent to 570 dentists, out of which 234 responses were obtained. The majority of participants were aware of the term 'MRONJ' (83.3%), clinical indications of bisphosphonates (61.5%) and its mechanism of action (72.2%). However, 68.4% and 61.5% of dentists had no knowledge about the 'drug holiday' concept and risk factors associated with MRONJ, respectively.Conclusion: Although most of the participants had knowledge regarding certain aspects of MRONJ, such as mechanism of action and clinical indications of bisphosphonates, there was a lack of awareness about the drug holiday concept and drug-associated risk factors. This emphasises the need to spread awareness among the dental community, not only in tertiary healthcare centres, but also among private dentists and dental interns to prevent cases of MRONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyse the effect of information technologies on improving the frequency of the use of dental floss among adolescents.Materials and Methods: A randomised, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 291 adolescents (mean age: 16.1 years) in three phases. Phase I involved the application of a questionnaire and clinical examinations using the simplified Oral Hygiene Index and gingival bleeding index. In phase II, the adolescents were randomly allocated to four groups: oral counseling (OR) and the use of an application (App) for smartphones; OR without the app; video (VD) and app; and VD without app. Messages were set through the app for 30 days. Phase III involved the second administration of the questionnaire and clinical examination. The frequency of dental floss use was evaluated in phases I and III. The groups were categorised into the use of technology (VD and/or App) and non-use of technology (OR alone).Results: Statistically significant reductions in the clinical indices were found with all educational methods (p < 0.005) and improvements were found in the use of dental floss (p < 0.001). Moreover, information technologies were associated with an improvement in the frequency of dental floss use (p < 0.033).Conclusion: All methods were effective at improving clinical indicators. The use of information technologies can be considered an effective tool for improving dental floss use among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the effect of oral comprehensive healthcare on the prevalence of early childhood caries in urban areas of China.Materials and Methods: A total of 398 children aged 4-5 years from six different kindergartens in Qingdao were recruited to participate in a 1-year single-blind randomised controlled clinical trial. They were randomly assigned into either an experimental group (187 children) or a control group (211 children). The experimental group received comprehensive oral healthcare including oral health examinations, oral health education for children and their guardians, and local fluoride application and dental treatment, whereas children in the control group only received oral health examinations twice a year. The children's parents finished a comprehensive oral health questionnaire before and after the experiment. After a year, the oral health status of two groups of children was statistically analysed to determine the effect of oral comprehensive healthcare on early childhood caries.Results: After 1 year, the numbers of decayed teeth (dt), decayed tooth surfaces (ds), filled teeth (ft), and filled tooth surfaces (fs) in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (p <0.001). The dmft and dmfs were also significantly different between the two groups (p <0.05). Statistically significant differences were additionally shown in oral hygiene habits and eating habits of both the children and their parents in the two groups compared with 1 year before (all p <0.001).Conclusion: Implementation of comprehensive oral healthcare measures both prevents and reduces early childhood caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the relationship between periodontitis and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and registered (CRD42018105124) with PROSPERO (International prospective register for systematic reviews, University of York, York, UK). A search was conducted in five databases without restrictions regarding language or date of publication. From 560 studies selected, 10 underwent full-text analysis. Five studies were eligible (five case-control studies), and all were entered in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed with tests for sensitivity and statistical heterogeneity. Summary effect measures were calculated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: There was a significant association between periodontitis and nosocomial pneumonia in the meta-analysis (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.86). In this meta-analysis, I2 = 0%.Conclusions: The evidence demonstrates a positive association between periodontitis and nosocomial pneumonia. Individuals with periodontitis admitted to the ICU were more likely to present nosocomial pneumonia than individuals without periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of aerobic vs. resistance exercise on cognitive function. In addition, salivary cortisol responses, as an indicator of arousal-related neuroendocrine responses, were assessed as a potential mechanism underlying the effects of these 2 modes of acute exercise on cognition. Forty-two young adults were recruited and performed the Stroop task after 1 session of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and a sedentary condition performed on separate days. Saliva samples were collected at baseline and immediately and 30 min after treatment conditions. Acute exercise, regardless of exercise modality, improved multiple aspects of cognitive function as reflected by the Stroop task. Cortisol responses were higher after both modes of acute exercise compared with the sedentary condition and were higher at baseline and 30 min afterward compared with immediately after treatment conditions. These findings suggest that acute exercise of moderate intensity facilitates cognitive function, and, although salivary cortisol is influenced by acute exercise, levels were not related to improvements in cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise and meditation improve health and well-being, potentially through decreasing systemic inflammation. In this study, healthy adults (N = 413) were randomized to 8 weeks of training in aerobic exercise, matched mindfulness-based stress reduction, or wait-list control. Three inflammation-related biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10) were assessed preintervention, directly postintervention, and 17 weeks later. Within-group analyses found that exercise participants had decreased serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 postintervention and 17 weeks later, whereas C-reactive protein was lower in mindfulness-based stress-reduction participants 17 weeks postintervention only. Self-reported physical activity or amount of meditation practice did not predict biomarker changes. This study suggests that (a) training in aerobic exercise can lower interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10, a chemokine associated with interferon activity and illness, and (b) training in mindfulness meditation may have a delayed effect on C-reactive protein, an important inflammatory biomarker. The findings highlight the likelihood of multiple, distinct pathways underlying the health-promoting effects of these lifestyle interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the marginal vertical misfit between implant-supported frameworks fabricated using CAD/CAM systems and the conventional technique (lost-wax casting).Materials and Methods: This review was performed according to PRISMA criteria and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017055685). An electronic search was performed independently by two examiners in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to find studies published up to April 2018.Results: The database search yielded 507 references. After removing duplicate references, 384 studies remained. Eleven in vitro studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria (inter-reader κ = 0.88). Nine different CAD/CAM systems were used to fabricate 172 frameworks of different materials, including zirconia, monolithic lithium disilicate, and metallic alloys. Subgroup analyses were performed for different types and retention systems of the frameworks. In the general analysis, marginal misfit observed with the CAD/CAM systems was lower than with the conventional method (P = .003), as was observed in the subgroup analysis for single-unit frameworks (P < .00001). For fixed (P = .89), cemented (P = .60), and screwed (P = .18) frameworks, no significant difference was observed between the evaluated techniques.Conclusion: The CAD/CAM systems showed improved marginal fit over the conventional lost-wax casting technique for fabricating single-unit frameworks; however, in the subgroup analyses, no difference was observed for the fixed implant-supported type or for the retention systems evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of a 2.5% w/w smaller particle-size (ca 4 µm) calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) dentifrice (test) to an occluding dentifrice (8% w/w arginine) (comparator) and a negative control dentifrice in an 8-week, randomised, controlled, parallel-group, stratified (maximum baseline Schiff sensitivity score) study in adults with dentin hypersensitivity.Materials and Methods: The sensitivity of two selected teeth was assessed at baseline and after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks in response to evaporative (air) (Schiff sensitivity score and visual analogue scale [VAS]) and tactile (tactile threshold) stimuli.Results: Of 151 randomised subjects, 147 completed the study. Statistically significant changes from baseline were reported for test and comparator dentifrices at all weeks on all measures (p < 0.05) with no statistically significant differences between them. The negative control dentifrice group was statistically significantly different from baseline in all measures by week 8 (p < 0.05). Test and comparator dentifrices demonstrated statistically significantly greater improvements in Schiff sensitivity from week 2 compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in favour only of the comparator dentifrice over the negative control at week 8 when examining tactile threshold (p = 0.0435) and at week 4 with VAS (p = 0.0425), with no other between-group differences. The dentifrices were generally well tolerated.Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found between a small particle size 2.5% w/w CSPS dentifrice and an 8% w/w arginine dentifrice in terms of a dentine hypersensitivity decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of different toothpastes on demineralisation of incipient enamel lesions using a toothbrush simulator.Materials and Methods: Fifty enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human molars. The specimens were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10/group): 1. no treatment (control); 2. toothpaste containing arginine (ProRelief, Colgate;); 3. fluoride toothpaste (Pronamel, Sensodyne GlaxoSmithKlein); 4. tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (Recaldent, GC); 5. toothpaste (Restore, Dr. Collins) containing bioactive glass (NovaMin, GlaxoSmithKlein). All specimens were exposed to pH cycling. The remineralising agents were applied to the samples with a toothbrush simulator for 2 min twice a day for five days. The weight percentage of mineral changes for the elements calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and silica (Si) were measured by SEM energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). SEM revealed properties of treated enamel surfaces. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA.Results: Statistically significantly higher levels of Ca and P were found in all groups compared to the control (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The toothpastes' efficacy of inhibiting demineralisation depended on the active ingredients in the respective toothpaste. The demineralisation inhibition efficacy of the tested toothpastes depended on the active ingredients in the toothpaste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the therapeutic effects of the resin infiltration technique, self-assembling peptide (P11-4), and fluoride varnish application on white spot lesions (WSLs) on buccal surfaces based on LF pen measurements and LAA-ICDAS scores.Materials and Methods: The lesions of 113 patients from a total of 319 patients with at least four visible WSL on buccal surfaces were assessed by LAA-ICDAS and laser fluoresence (LF pen). To be included in the study, participants were required to have at least 4 buccal WLSs, each in different quadrants, with an LF pen score ≥ 8. Twenty-one patients were included in the study based on the laser fluoresence values. The lesions were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 21): IG (Icon), CRG (Curodont Repair), DG (Duraphat), and CG (control) groups. The treatment protocols were applied, but the control group received no treatment except regular brushing. Lesions were scored by LAA-ICDAS after 3 and 6 months and LF pen after 1 week, 3 and 6 months.Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in LF pen measurements of the control and the intervention groups after 6 months when compared to baseline. The greatest lesion regression was observed with IG (-23.25 ± 18.21), which differed statistically significantly from CRG (-8.15 ± 13.89), DG (-10.1 ± 10.31) and CG (-4.15 ± 9.72), followed by DG which differed statistically significantly from CG. Statistically significant differences were observed in the activity status of the lesions between baseline and 6 months, except for the control group.Conclusion: In this study, the lesion regression rates shown by mean LF pen values in all groups after six months encourages the management of non-cavitated smooth surface caries lesions with non-operative treatment approaches. Regular brushing and professional tooth cleaning seem to be effective for the management of WSLs on buccal surfaces, and resin infiltration or fluoride varnish might enhance the improvement of these lesions in moderate- to high-caries-risk individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on self-talk has found that what athletes say to themselves influences their performance in sport settings. This experiment analyzed the relationship between positive and negative self-talk and physical performance in light of another variable: overt head movements. Participants were randomly assigned to first generate and then listen to either positive or negative self-statements. They were then randomly assigned to nod (up and down) or to shake (side to side) their heads while being exposed to the self-statements they had previously generated. Finally, physical performance was assessed using a vertical-jump task, a squat test, and a deadlift task. As expected, positive self-statements led to better performance than negative self-statements in 2 out of 3 physical tasks. Most relevant, the main effect of self-talk was significantly qualified by head movements. Consistent with the authors' hypothesis, athletes' self-statements were significantly more impactful on physical performance in the head-nodding condition than in the head-shaking condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is part of a program of research investigating coaches delivering psychological skills (PS). Here, 3 studies feature an original conceptualization of coaching PS and the development and validation of 2 questionnaires capturing the coaching of PS. The authors conducted a qualitative investigation to establish a conceptual framework that included the fundamental coaching of PS behaviors (CPS-F) and the needs-supportive coaching of PS (CPS-NS). They then tested the factor structure of 2 subsequently developed questionnaires via a Bayesian structural equation modeling approach to confirmatory factor analysis across 2 samples and ran tests of invariance, concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validity. The CPS-F questionnaire showed an excellent fit for a 3-factor model, whereas the CPS-NS demonstrated an excellent single-factor fit. Significant relationships with theoretically related constructs suggested concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validity. The findings are expected to significantly further research into our understanding of coaches coaching PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effects of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) and brisk walking (BW) on balance and training duration for the two exercises to significantly improve balance. A total of 48 elderly women were randomly divided into three groups. The TCC and BW groups completed a 60-min intervention training program with five sessions weekly for 16 weeks. Single-leg standing balance was tested every 4 weeks. Results showed that all the variables with eyes open improved on the eighth week (p < .05) in the TCC group and on the 12th week (p < .01) in the BW group. All variables with eyes closed improved on the 12th week (p < .01) in the TCC group and on the 16th week (p < .05) in the BW group. The results showed that 12 and 16 weeks of TCC and BW, respectively were essential to improve balance with eyes closed among the women aged 60-70 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the amount of contamination remaining on used healing abutments after autoclaving and to compare the effectiveness of two additional decontamination methods.Materials and Methods: After autoclaving, a total of 120 used healing abutments were divided equally into three groups: used healing abutments after autoclaving only (group 1); used healing abutments after autoclaving and air-flow polishing (Master Piezon, EMS) using erythritol powder (AIR-FLOW PLUS, EMS) (group 2); and used healing abutments after autoclaving and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 25 g/L) treatment (group 3). Residual contaminants were stained using Phloxine B (400 g/mL), and healing abutments were photographed using a light microscope with digital capture system (Nikon SMZ800). The proportion of stained (ie, contaminated) areas on each healing abutment was then measured using imaging software (ImageJ). The healing abutments were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Mean proportion of surface area affected by residual contaminants on the body, top (screwdriver-engaging), and bottom (implant-abutment interface) surfaces for group 1 was 38.2% ± 28.34%, 30.0% ± 19.55%, and 18.7% ± 17.87%, respectively; group 2 showed 3.5% ± 4.90%, 5.3% ± 3.74%, and 5.4% ± 8.49%, respectively; and group 3 showed 0.3% ± 0.16%, 1.9% ± 2.14%, and 0.7% ± 1.02%, respectively. Autoclaving alone was insufficient for successful decontamination, while additional decontamination procedures significantly reduced remaining contaminants. NaOCl was significantly more effective than air polishing. SEM analysis showed no detectable differences in the surface appearance of titanium healing abutments.Conclusion: The results show that decontamination of used healing abutments is achievable, thus strengthening the feasibility of reusing healing abutments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical behavior of implants with different neck designs.Materials and Methods: Finite element models of implants with two different neck designs (OsseoSpeed EV and OsseoSpeed Profile EV) were generated. Implants and abutments were subjected to buccally and lingually directed 30-degree oblique loads of 200 N.Results: Under buccally angulated load, the Profile implant model showed lower minimum principal stress when compared to the standard implant model (-63.4 vs -91.9 MPa), whereas the von Mises stress value of the Profile implant model was higher (342 MPa).Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that Profile implants placed in alveolar ridges with buccolingual bone height discrepancy showed similar stress distribution and stress value outcomes when compared to standard implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of noncontact three-dimensional (3D) digitization systems for capturing facial defects.Materials and Methods: A stone model of a facial defect was digitized using high-accuracy industrial computed tomography as a reference scan. The model was also scanned using four different types of noncontact 3D digitizers: a laser beam light-sectioning technology with camera system and three different stereophotogrammetry systems. All 3D images were reconstructed with corresponding software and saved as standard triangulated language (STL) files. The 3D datasets were geometrically evaluated and compared to the reference data using 3D evaluation software. Kruskal-Wallis H tests were performed to assess differences in absolute 3D deviations between scans, with statistical significance defined as P < .05.Results: The four noncontact 3D digitization systems were feasible for digitizing the facial defect model, although the median 3D deviation of the four digitizers varied. There was a significant difference in accuracy among the digitizers (P < .001).Conclusion: Digitization of facial defect models using various noncontact 3D digitizers appears to be feasible and is most accurate with laser beam light-sectioning technology. Further investigations assessing digitization of facial defects among patients are required to clinically verify the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively compare the cytotoxic potentials of five different one-step self-etching adhesives: Prime&Bond One-Select (PB-OS), Optibond All-in-One (OB-AIO), G-Bond (GB), Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB), Single Bond Universal (SBU).Materials and Methods: During the first stage of the study, the cytotoxic activities of the test materials were evaluated qualitatively using the direct contact method. In this method, the test materials were placed directly into a monkey kidney epithelial cell culture medium. Reaction zones which occurred in the culture medium were evaluated, in addition to the density and changes in the morphology of the cells. During the second stage, the cytotoxic potential of four different dilutions (1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001%) of the test materials on L929 rat fibroblast cells was quantitatively evaluated at three different time periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) with the MTT tetrazolium-based assay.Results: In the first stage, a zone exceeding 1 cm was observed around or below SBU, CUB, GB and OB-AIO. In PB-OS, the zone borders were approximately 1 cm. In the second stage after the MTT assay, CUB was the most cytotoxic after 24 h, GB and SBU after 48 h, and OB-AIO after 72 h.Conclusion: All adhesives tested showed different degrees of cytotoxicity, which statistically significantly increased with dose. Changes were seen related to time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of four methods to prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in patients with solid tumors (ST). In addition, the behaviour of OM was investigated in these oncological patients.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients, aged 27-84, were randomly allocated to different groups from the first day of chemotherapy (CT), in the following sequence: group 1: intensive oral care programme (IOCP); group 2: 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse; group 3: 0.03% triclosan mouthrinse; group 4: low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Oral mucositis was evaluated on the 7th and 14th days by means of the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS).Results: Thirty-one (64.5%) patients developed OM in the first cycle of CT and the pain was significantly associated with OM severity (p < 0.0001). The statistically significantly worst OMAS score was found for the lips and buccal mucosa (p < 0.0001). Despite a lack of statistical significance, IOCP and LLLT notably demonstrated potential effects to prevent OM in patients who presented with only oral erythema (75%) and lower peak of severity during the follow up, respectively.Conclusions: Improved oral care awareness is needed in patients undergoing 5'fluorouracil and doxorubicin, mainly to avoid pain caused by oral mucositis. Oral mucositis was more prevalent and aggressive in oral sites exposed to chronic trauma. The IOCP and LLLT approaches showed positive results to prevent oral mucositis and should be further investigated in similar and larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the 6-and 12-month performance of microrepairs of marginal occlusal microdefects of resin composite restorations in a group of patients with high caries risk.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with at least three resin composite restorations with marginal occlusal defects were randomly distributed into three treatment groups: (1) sealed with flowable resin composite; (2) sealed with resin-based sealant; or (3) control. Restorations in all groups were assessed using World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria at three time points: baseline, and at 6 and 12 months after sealing.Results: After 1 year, 32 patients were examined. Of all the repaired restorations, those of the flowable resin composite (RC) group maintained an FDI value of 1 for marginal occlusal adaptation for 81.3% of the restorations at 6 and 78.1% at 12 months. The resin-based sealant group kept a value of 1 for the same parameter on 65.6% of restorations at 6 and 50% at 12 months with a statistically significant difference (p= 0.024) between the two time periods. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at the 12-month comparison (p = 0.015).Conclusions: Occlusal RC restorations that were sealed using either a resin-based sealant or a nanofilled flowable RC benefited from improved clinical status after 12 months. Use of the latter presented the better clinical performance of the two by providing a higher rate of total retention of sealing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive function skills play a critical role in school readiness for young children and can be improved through targeted intervention. However, children in preschool often experience deficits in multiple developmental domains. Thus, there is a need for integrated interventions that target multiple domains in concert. This study tested whether a proven gross motor skill intervention, Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SKIP), also improves preschoolers' executive function. Participants were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 50) or control (n = 57) conditions. Prior to intervention, executive function and gross motor skills were tested. Intervention occurred for 6 weeks with 30-min sessions twice weekly (dose = 360 min). At posttest, participants in the SKIP condition showed significantly better gross motor and executive function skills than control participants. Results are the first to document the effectiveness of the SKIP intervention in also improving children's executive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article outlines the development and validation of the Need-Relevant Instructor Behaviors Scale (NIBS). Drawing from self-determination theory, the NIBS is the first observation tool designed to code the frequency and the intensity of autonomy-, competence-, and relatedness-relevant behaviors of exercise instructors. The scale also captures the frequency of need-indifferent behaviors.Methods: The behaviors of 27 exercise instructors were coded by trained raters on two occasions, before and after they received training in adaptive motivational communication.Results: Findings supported the structural validity and reliability of the scale. The scale's sensitivity to detect changes in frequency and intensity of need-relevant behaviors was also evidenced.Conclusions: The NIBS is a new tool that offers a unique, tripartite assessment of need-relevant behaviors of leaders in the physical activity domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the oral status and prosthetic treatment needs of dependent, functionally impaired individuals and dependent elderly individuals in comparison with the general population.Methods: A total of 355 subjects, sampled from the register of increased financial support for dependent and functionally impaired individuals in the north of Sweden, were examined. The variables were number of teeth, Eichner Index, type and condition of prostheses, and treatment needs. Statistical analyses were carried out using an independent samples t test for means and chi-square tests for proportions. Comparisons were made with the results of an earlier study (EPI-Norr) of 908 patients from the general population in the same county.Results: The study group had fewer teeth compared with the general population (20% edentulous in the study group vs 7% in the general population; P < .001), as well as more dentures and fewer tooth- and implant-supported prostheses. A total of 42% of the dentures in the maxilla and 51% of the dentures in the mandible were in poor condition. There was no difference in complications from dental implants between the groups.Conclusion: Since the Swedish system for financial support enables dental care to the patient groups in question, the situation is probably better in Sweden than in many other countries. As more accentuated differences can be assumed between these population groups in other countries, these findings are also interesting from an international perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effects of over-the-counter products on the healing of denture-induced ulcerations and patients' self-reported pain.Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients with acute denture-induced ulcerations were randomized into seven treatment groups: denture grinding (control); topical application of corn oil gel (placebo); triester glycerol oxide gel; D-panthenol gel; D-panthenol mouthwash; L-arginine mouthwash; and hyaluronic acid gel. Healing and self-reported pain were assessed after 1, 3, and 7 days of treatment.Results: The percentage of healed lesions in the mandible and maxilla after 7 days was 67% and 65%, respectively. The only significance in healing was for mandibular lesions at 3 days after application of L-arginine mouthwash; at this period, the healing rate was significantly higher than d-panthenol gel, d-panthenol mouthwash, and hyaluronic acid gel (P < .05).Conclusion: Denture grinding as the current protocol for acute denture-induced ulcerations should remain as the default. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether ultra-low-dose multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) combined with the reconstruction techniques filtered backprojection (FBP), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), or model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) alters the subjective classification of revised Lekholm and Zarb (LZ) bone types at prospective dental implant sites.Materials and Methods: Three cadavers underwent a reference MDCT examination using a standard dose volume (CT dose index [CTDIvol]: 29.4 mGy) and reconstructed with FBP in addition to five test protocols (LD1-LD5) using ultra-low doses (CTDIvol: 4.19, 2.64, 0.99, 0.53, and 0.29 mGy, respectively) and reconstructed with FBP, ASIR 50, ASIR 100, and MBIR. Transverse cross-sectional images of the jawbones were obtained, and three examiners subjectively classified the bone type in each image using the revised LZ classification. The bone type classifications obtained using the reference examination were compared with those obtained from the test protocols for each examiner, and kappa statistic was used to analyze the level of agreement between the reference and test protocols. The clinical significance of the differences was analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: Examiners 1 and 2 found moderate to strong agreement between the reference and test protocols, while Examiner 3 found strong to almost perfect agreement (P < .001). The Wilcoxon signed rank test did not demonstrate a clinical significance of the differences between the reference and test protocols for any of the three examiners.Conclusion: MDCT dose reductions of up to 99% did not significantly alter the subjective classification of bone at dental implant sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of nonprecious alloy (NPA) vs precious alloy (PA) telescopic crown-retained removable partial dentures (TRPDs), the factors influencing survival, and the type and number of maintenance procedures required during the observation period.Materials and Methods: This retrospective clinical study is based on 462 patients with a total of 572 TRPDs on a total of 1,946 abutment teeth. The following parameters were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis: sex; alloy type; denture location; number and distribution of abutment teeth (Kennedy Class); vitality of abutment teeth; dentition in the opposing arch; and participation in follow-up visits.Results: The mean observation period was 3.87 ± 3.15 years (2.99 ± 2.52 years for NPATRPDs and 5.36 ± 3.53 years for PA-TRPDs; maximum 11.01 years). During the observation period, 4.2% (n = 24) of the TRPDs ceased functioning and 8.3% (n = 161) of the abutment teeth had to be removed. The calculated 5- to 10-year survival probabilities were 96.1% and 84.0%, respectively, for the TRPDs. The number of abutment teeth was the only parameter that significantly (P < .05) impacted this probability, whereas the vitality of the abutment teeth and the type of alloy significantly (P < .05) impacted the survival probability of the abutment teeth. NPA-TRPDs needed significantly earlier initial treatment than PA-TRPDs (P < .05).Conclusion: The type of alloy seems to have no impact on TRPD survival, but seems to have an influence on the survival of the abutment teeth. There are also differences in maintenance between NPA- and PA-TRPDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes of mandibular overdentures retained by two different mini-implant systems with ball attachments under a two-step immediate loading protocol.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial investigated treatment outcomes of mandibular mini-implant overdentures in 45 edentulous patients. MDI implants (3M ESPE) and SlimLine implants (Dentium) were randomly selected for placement in the anterior mandible in each group (MDI = 21; SlimLine = 24) with a flapless surgical approach. The side of the tissue in the region of the complete mandibular denture where mini-implants were placed was immediately relined with soft reliner (COE-SOFT). The female components were attached on the dentures 2 months after implant placement. Clinical and radiographic data were collected during follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 22.0 (α = .05).Results: A total of 177 mini-implants were inserted in the anterior mandibles of 45 totally edentulous patients. There were five implant failures (97.2% success rate) and no significant differences between the two implant groups. Most mini-implants showed stable initial Periotest values (a mean ± standard deviation of 1.03 ± 3.65 mm) and a mean marginal bone loss of 0.50 ± 0.75 mm at 12 months. Multiple regression analysis revealed that implants ≤ 2.4 mm in diameter had higher Periotest values than those ≥ 2.8 mm. Intial Periotest values significantly influenced implant failure (P < .05).Conclusion: There were no significant differences in treatment outcomes between patients treated with MDI or SlimLine implants. Mini-implants with wider diameters showed higher initial stability than those with narrow diameters, which may influence implant survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report retro-prospective data on the prevalence of overall implant failure in a large number of edentulous patients treated at one referral clinic over a 30-year period and to analyze possible associations between implant failure and basic clinical variables.Materials and Methods: Altogether, 24,781 implants were consecutively placed in 4,585 edentulous arches between 1986 and 2015. All implant failures identified at the clinic during follow-up were consecutively recorded, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible associations between implant failure and different clinical factors.Results: Altogether, 1,333, 688, and 249 treated arches were followed up for 15, 20, and 25 years, respectively. Cumulative survival rates (CSR) for the treated arches were 86.2% and 83.8% after 15 and 25 years, respectively. Most patients lost only one implant each (58%). Loss of all implants was reported in 68 arches, with total failure rates of 1.9% and 2.2% after 15 and 25 years, respectively. The strongest associations with increased risk for implant failure were maxilla (hazard ratio [HR] 4.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.70 to 6.25) and implant surface (HR 2.38; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.57). Age at surgery, implant surgeon, calendar year of surgery, and time of follow-up also showed significant associations with risk of implant failure (P < .05). A completely steady-state level in implant survival was not observed, but few implants were lost up to the last years of follow-up.Conclusion: There is a higher risk for implant failure in the maxilla compared to the mandible. Risk is reduced when using implants with a moderately rough surface. The highest risk for failure was observed during the first year. This was followed by a reduced failure rate, which never reached a steady-state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To understand the effect of the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glass (BAG) to compomer restorative materials on the remineralisation capacity of the material.Materials and Methods: 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% w/w HA and BAG particles were added mechanically to the compomers. To examine the resistance to demineralisation, Class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth and restored with experimental filling materials. Demineralised lesions were created in 72 enamel samples. Vickers microhardness measurements of samples were performed at three different areas including the margin of the restoration, the varnish-protected enamel and the exposed enamel areas. Measurements performed on protected enamel were used as reference enamel values for each group. SEM was used to evaluate the surface texture of the specimens. The statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HDS and paired-samples t-tests.Results: BAG and HA groups revealed higher microhardness values at the exposed enamel and exposed marginal enamel than did the control group (p = 0.001). 3% and 4% HA and BAG groups produced higher microhardness values than did 1% modified groups on exposed enamel (p = 0.001). 4% HA group revealed the highest microhardness values on marginal exposed enamel (p = 0.001). 2%, 3%, 4% and HA, as well as 3% and 4% BAG groups showed higher microhardness values than did the control group on marginal exposed enamel at 20 µm depth (p = 0.001). SEM images revealed that HA and BAG particles were not distributed homogeneously and the particles seemed to be grouped in the matrix.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the addition of the BAG and HA into compomers improved the demineralisation resistance properties of enamel, depending on the amount of additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and microbiological reactions to nanocomposite containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in comparison to a traditional composite restorative material in early childhood caries.Materials and Methods: Eighteen teeth were restored with the test material (ACP-containing resin) and 18 teeth were restored with the control material (traditional composite, TC) in fourteen paediatric patients using a split-mouth design. One caries- and restoration-free intact tooth in each patient was selected as the healthy control. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline before the treatment and also on days 1, 7, 14 and 30 after treatment. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from each patient at baseline, and 1 and 6 months after restoration. GCF and saliva samples were assayed for IL-17A, IL-17F IL-17A/F, IL-17E, OPG and RANKL levels by ELISA, and plaque composition was assessed using RT-PCR.Results: Clinical evaluation indicated no statistically significant differences between the two restorative materials according to the FDI criteria surface lustre, material retention and marginal adaptation properties. Pro-inflammatory IL-17 levels decreased statistically significantly at 6 months compared to baseline and 1-month values (p < 0.05). The baseline pro-inflammatory IL-17 cytokine levels in GCF samples around the carious teeth were higher than those obtained around the healthy teeth (p < 0.05), but similar in GCF from the ACP-test and TC teeth. Microbiological findings were similar in the ACP and T groups.Conclusion: It may be suggested that both ACP-containing and traditional resin composites show similar antimicrobial and biochemical effects in early childhood caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]